Across the Surface of the Sea: Maritime Interaction in the Cycladic Early Bronze Age
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.36810Keywords:
Aegean prehistory, connectivity, Cyclades, Early Bronze Age, GIS, maritime mobilityAbstract
The creation of maritime network models has been a major focus of archaeological investigations of the Early Bronze Age in the Cyclades (Greece). While archaeologists acknowledge the importance of environmental variables for ancient seafaring, they have tended to treat the sea surface as an undifferentiated space onto which network models are imposed. The present study of Early Cycladic maritime connectivity incorporates the Aegean Sea as a varied and varying surface affected by seasonal and temporal changes. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, I create a cost-surface model of the ancient seascape that incorporates environmental, archaeological, and technological variables. The application of a cost-surface model enables the consideration of Early Cycladic settlements not merely as points in space but as embedded within a contiguous surface of land and sea. This study highlights the complex and variable conditions facing Bronze Age seafarers. The results of the study challenge the conceptualization of the Cyclades as a unified island group; while the central Cyclades exhibit high connectivity at the local scale, islands on the edges of the cluster may have relied on less-frequent travel at the regional scale, which nevertheless persisted throughout the Early Cycladic period. Variations in wind patterns due to seasonality and directionality indicate that most journeys would require an overnight stay at the destination, suggesting the importance of maintaining intercommunity ties.References
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Gustas, R., and K. Supernant 2017 Least cost path analysis of early maritime movement on the Pacific Northwest coast. Journal of Archaeological Science 78: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.11.006
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Helbling, J. 2006 War and peace in societies without central power: theories and perspectives. In T. Otto, H. Thrane and H. Vandkilde (eds.), Warfare and Society: Archaeological and Social Anthropological Perspectives, 113-39. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press.
Hoffman, G. 2002 Painted ladies: Early Cycladic II mourning figurines. American Journal of Archaeology 106: 525-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/4126215
Horden, P., and N. Purcell 2000 The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History. Oxford: Blackwell.
Indruszewski, G., and C.M. Barton 2007 Simulating sea surfaces for modeling Viking age seafaring in the Baltic Sea. In J.T. Clark and E.M. Hagemeister (eds.), Digital Discovery: Exploring New Frontiers in Human Heritage. CAA 2006. Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Proceedings of the 34th Conference, Fargo, United States, April 2006, 616-30. Budapest: Archaeolingua.
----- 2008 Cost surface DEM modeling of Viking Age seafaring in the Baltic Sea. In B. Frischer and A. Dakouri-Hild (eds.), Beyond Illustration: 2D and 3D Digital Technologies as Tools for Discovery in Archaeology. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 1805: 56-64. Oxford: Archaeopress.
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Jarriel, K. 2017 Small Worlds after All? Landscape and Community Interaction in the Cycladic Bronze Age. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Classics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Knappett, C., T. Evans and R. Rivers 2008 Modeling maritime interaction in the Aegean Bronze Age. Antiquity 82: 1009-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X0009774X
Knappett, C., R. Rivers and T. Evans 2011 The Theran eruption and Minoan palatial collapse: new interpretations gained from modeling the maritime network. Antiquity 85: 1008-23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00068459
Kuhlemann, J., E.J. Rohling, I. Krumrei, P. Kubik, S. Ivy-Ochs and M. Kucera 2008 Regional synthesis of Mediterranean atmospheric circulation during the last glacial maximum. Science 321: 1338-40. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157638
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Lambeck, K., and D. Chappell 2001 Sea-level change through the last glacial cycle. Science 292: 679-86. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1059549
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Published
2018-06-24
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Articles
How to Cite
Jarriel, K. (2018). Across the Surface of the Sea: Maritime Interaction in the Cycladic Early Bronze Age. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 31(1), 52-76. https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.36810
