Diverging Paths

Settlement Strategies and Conflict during the Early Bronze Age in the Southeastern Quadrant of Iberia

Authors

  • Adrià Moreno Gil Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
  • Marcello Peres Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
  • Roberto Risch Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.27147

Keywords:

Big Data, Early Bronze Age Iberia, settlement archaeology, spatial analysis

Abstract

During the Early Bronze Age (EBA), a relatively small number of European societies developed into highly centralised and hierarchical political entities. In contrast to the intensive research focused on these groups, little attention has been paid to their relationship with neighbouring populations, which had a much more egalitarian structure. In the southeast quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula, over a century of research on the EBA (ca. 2200 –1550 BC) communities has failed to identify distinctive traits leading to the definition of archaeological entities beyond the El Argar group, which according to many authors reached the form of an early state organisation around 1750 BC. This study aims to go beyond previous culturalist approaches and to focus on how communities with very different social organisations interacted in this macro-region as well as in a border region between El Argar and La Mancha. To that effect, we analyse primarily settlement size as an expression of the demographic and economic strength of a community, and ‘enrockment’ (enrocamiento), a concept that defines the degree of protection and spatial distancing of a settlement from its surrounding land and neighbouring communities. This large-scale comparative approach reveals the distinctiveness of highly dispersed and well-protected communities settling in the belt immediately north of El Argar and shows how this cost-intensive strategy changes with increasing distance from El Argar, when flat land and often larger settlements become dominant. The combination of settlement patterns and economic organisation also highlights the marked differences between El Argar and all the other communities living in the Iberian Peninsula.

Author Biographies

  • Adrià Moreno Gil, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

    Adrià Moreno Gil recently completed his doctoral project at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, focusing on the Argaric borderlands in the middle and upper Segura. His research interests revolve around landscape archaeology, GIS and the study of prehistoric boundaries. He has directed the archaeological survey of the middle and upper Segura and participated in numerous excavations in Spain and Germany.

  • Marcello Peres, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

    Marcello Peres is a postdoctoral fellow at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and the Università degli Studi di Padova. His main research interests are spatial analysis, photogrammetry and management of Big Data in archaeology. Currently, his research is focused on settlement patterns and forces of production in the later prehistory of the Mediterranean. He is also a film director, co-founder of Heracles Archaeology. Since 2003 he has carried out several excavations and archaeological surveys in Italy and Spain.

  • Roberto Risch, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

    Roberto Risch is Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA Acadèmia Research Fellow. His research is mainly concerned with the economy, ecology and mobility of prehistoric societies. He has investigated and co-directed the excavations of several prehistoric sites in Spain, Germany and India and conducted ethnoarchaeological fieldwork in Ghana and Mali.

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2023-10-26

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How to Cite

Moreno Gil, A., Peres, M., & Risch, R. (2023). Diverging Paths: Settlement Strategies and Conflict during the Early Bronze Age in the Southeastern Quadrant of Iberia. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 36(1), 102-126. https://doi.org/10.1558/jma.27147