“The computer gives us lots of ideas”

Exploring children’s multimodal writing process

Authors

  • Sarah Williams University of North Georgia Author
  • Amy Seely Flint University of Louisville Author
  • Rebecca Rohloff Georgia State University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/wap.26257

Keywords:

writing conferences, multimodality, elementary, teaching strategies

Abstract

This article offers insights into elementary-aged students’ perspectives as they embark on composing collaborative multimodal narratives. Contributions from research literature on the writing process, conference practices, and multimodality situate the study. Analysis of students’ responses on a retrospective interview protocol that focused on students’ recollections of the experience, illuminated three findings that may be used to generate questions for effective writing conferences for multimodal compositions. Questions can be asked to support students as they navigate technology, gain insights into modal selection, and determine their collaborative approach to the composing process. Moreover, learning more about students’ decisions as they compose multimodal texts leads to a richer understanding of the affordances of multiple modes in writing and recommendations for creative effective writing conferences. 

References

Anderson, C. (2000). How’s it going: A practical guide to conferring with student writers. Heinemann.

Brownell, C. J. (2021). Disentangling the possibilities, practicalities, and progressions of writing in the contemporary (digital) era. Theory into Practice, 60(2), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2020.1857140

Bulut, P. (2017). The effect of primary school students’ writing attitudes and writing self-efficacy beliefs on their summary writing achievement. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 10(2), 281–285. https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2017236123

Calkins, L. M. (1986). The art of teaching writing. Heinemann.

Chandler, P. (2017). To what extent are teachers well prepared to teach multimodal authoring? Cogent Education, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1266820

Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Sage.

Dalton, B. (2012/2013). Multimodal composition and the Common Core State Standards. The Reading Teacher, 66(4), 333–339. https://doi-org.echo.louisville.edu/10.1002/TRTR.01129

Dalton, B., Robinson, K. H., Lovvorn, J. F., Smith, B. E., Alvey, T., Mo, E., ... & Proctor, C. P. (2015). Fifth-grade students’ digital retellings and the Common Core: Modal use and design intentionality. The Elementary School Journal, 115(4), 548–569. https://doi.org/10.1086/68196

Gillespie, A., Olinghouse, N. G., & Graham, S. (2013). Fifth-grade students’ knowledge about writing process and writing genres. The Elementary School Journal, 113(4), 565–588. https://doi.org/10.1086/669938

Graham, S. (2019). Changing how writing is taught. Review of Research in Education, 43(1), 277–303. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X18821125

Graham, S., Berninger, V., & Fan, W. (2007). The structural relationship between writing attitude and writing achievement in first and third grade students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 32, 516–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2007.01.002

Hafner, C. A., & Ho, W. (2020). Assessing digital multimodal composing in second language writing: Toward a process-based model. Journal of Second Language Writing, 47(100710). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2020.100710

Hawkins, L. (2019). Writing conference purpose and how it positions primary-grade children as authoritative agents or passive observers. Reading Horizons, 58(1), 22–47. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/reading_horizons/vol58/iss1/3

Howell, E. (2018). Scaffolding multimodality: Writing process, collaboration, and digital tools. English Teaching: Practice & Critique, 17(2), 132–147. https://doi.org/10.1108/ETPC-05-2017-0053

Hull, G., & Nelson, M. (2005). Locating the semiotic power of multimodality. Written Communication, 22(2), 224–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088304274170

International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) (2018). ISTE standards for education leaders. https://www.iste.org/standards

Kervin, L., & Mantei, J. (2016). Digital writing practices: A closer look at one grade three author. Literacy, 50(3), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/lit.12084

Kress, G. (2009). What is mode? In C. Jewitt (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of multimodal analysis (pp. 54–67). Routledge.

Lenters, K., & Winters, K. L. (2013). Fracturing writing spaces: Multimodal storytelling ignites process writing. The Reading Teacher, 67(3), 227–237.

Low, D. E., & Pandya, J. Z. (2022). Centering children’s voices and purposes in multimodality research. Journal of Literacy Research, 54(3), 322–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086296X221116862

McCarthey, S., & Ro, Y. (2011). Approaches to writing instruction. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 6, 273–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554480X.2011.604902

McKeaney, E. (2009). Teacher-student writing conference in an era of measurement-drive reform; Are we developing a generation of voiceless authors. Unpublished dissertation. University of Pennsylvania.

Murray, D. (2003). A writing teacher teaches writing, 2nd Edition. Heinemann.

Nash, B. (2018). Exploring multimodal writing in secondary English classrooms: A literature review. English Teaching Practice and Critique, 17(4), 342–356.

National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE). (2022). Media education in English Language Arts. Retrieved from https://ncte.org/statement/media_education/

National Governors Association & Council of Chief State School Officers. (2010). Common Core State Standards for English language arts and literacy in history/social studies, science, and technical subjects.

Nobles, S., & Paganucci, L. (2015). Do digital writing tools deliver? Student perceptions of writing quality using digital tools and online writing environments. Computers and Composition, 38, Part A, 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2015.09.001

Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T., Glazewski, K. D., Newby, T. J., & Ertmer, P. A. (2010). Teacher value beliefs associated with using technology: Addressing professional and student needs. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1321–1335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.06.002

Purcell, K., Buchanan, J., & Friedrich, L. (2013). The impact of digital tools on student writing and how writing is taught in schools. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2013/07/16/the-impact-of-digital-tools-on-student-writing-and-how-writing-is-taught-in-schools-2/

Ricks, P., Morrison, T. G., Wilcox, B., & Cutri, R. (2017). Effective writing content conferences in a sixth–grade classroom: A cross-case analysis. Literacy Research and Instruction, 56(2), 114–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388071.2016.1275069

Riis-Johansen, M., & Myran, I. H. (2023). Patterns in naturally occurring interactions in early writing instruction. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687984231213475

Rønneberg, V., & Nilsen, C. (2021). Teachers’ talk about giving feedback to young text writers, and about giving feedback on handwritten and typed texts. Writing & Pedagogy, 13(1–3), 207–226. https://doi.org/10.1558/wap.21501

Seely Flint, A., Rohloff, R., & Williams, S. (2021). “I like the first slide. I like how we put it like that [words and pictures on a diagonal]”: Composing multimodal texts in a grade 4 classroom. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 20(3), 277–297.

Simpson, A., & Walsh, W. (2015). Children’s literature in the digital world: How does multimodality support affective, aesthetic and critical response to narrative? English Teaching: Practice & Critique, 14(1), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/ETPC-12-2014-0005

Storch, N. (2002). Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work. Language Learning, 52, 119–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00179

Taylor, L. A. (2021). Scaffolding literacy learning through talk: Stance as a pedagogical tool. Reading Teacher, 74(4), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1958

Unsworth, L. (2006). Toward a metalanguage for multiliteracies education: Describing the meaning-making resources of language-image interaction. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 5(1), 55–76.

Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Towards a semiotics of typography. Information Design Journal and Document Design, 14(2), 139–155.

Wargo, J. M. (2021). “Sound” civics, heard histories: A critical case of young children mobilizing digital media to write (right) injustice. Theory & Research in Social Education, 49(3), 360–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2021.1874582

Wohlwend, K. (2015). One screen, many fingers: Young children’s collaborative literacy play with digital puppetry apps and touchscreen technologies. Theory into Practice, 54, 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2015.1010837

Zammit, K., & Trifonas, P. (2015). International handbook of semiotics. In Extending students’ semiotic understandings: Learning about and creating multimodal texts (pp. 1291–1308). Springer.

Published

2024-07-04

Issue

Section

Research Matters

How to Cite

Williams, S., Seely Flint, A., & Rohloff, R. (2024). “The computer gives us lots of ideas”: Exploring children’s multimodal writing process. Writing and Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.1558/wap.26257