Religion and Development
African Traditional Religion’s Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/rsth.v31i1.75Keywords:
development, African traditional religion, Akan, kinship ties, totem, sacred grovesAbstract
Unlike several decades after the World War II, there is now a growing recognition of the importance of religion for designing development programmes and projects. However, the involvement of religions of the indigenous peoples is not given the desired attention. This article, therefore, aims at presenting African traditional religion’s voice in this important discourse by using the traditional Akan people of Ghana as a case study. Despite its suffering from stereotyping, African traditional religion continues to play a critical role in the life of the traditional African. The term “Development” is not easy to define, the divergent theories on it point to this fact. The traditional Akan people’s understanding of development, however, is derived from their religious worldview. The institution of chieftaincy, gerontocracy, institution of taboos, kinship ties and their attitude towards nature are the main development mechanisms among the Akan. Despite the threats these mechanisms are undergoing today, the potential of these indigenous mechanisms for development is not in doubt, hence the need for further research.
References
Anane, Mike. n.d. “Implementing Agenda 21: Religion and Conservation in Ghana.” Accessed August 20, 2010. http://www.un-ngls.org/documents/publications.en/agenda21/12.htm
Alolo, Namawu Alhassan. 2007 “African traditional religion and the Concept of Development: A Background Paper.” In Birmingham: Religions and Development Research Programme Working Paper, 17.
Anane, Mike. 1997 “Religion and conservation in Ghana.” In Implementing Agenda 21: NGO Experiences from around the World, edited by Leyla Alyanak and Adrienne Cruz, 99–107. New York: United Nations Non Laison Services.
Attuquayefio, Daniel K. and Julius N. Fobil. 2005 “An Overview of Biodiversity Conservation in Ghana: Challenges and Prospects.” West African Journal of Applied Ecology 7: 1–18.
Awuah-Nyamekye, Samuel. 2009a “Teaching Sustainable Development from the Perspective of Indigenous Spiritualities of Ghana.” In Religion and Sustainable Development Opportunities and Challenges for Higher Education, edited by Cathrien de Pater and Irene Dankelman, 25–39. Berlin: Lit Verlag.
b “The Role of Religion in the Institution of Chieftaincy: The Case of the Akan of Ghana.” Lumina 20(2): 1–17.
c “Salvaging Nature: The Akan Religio-Cultural Perspective.” World Views: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 13(3): 251–282.
“Akyeneboa and Plant Ethics.” In PAN: Philosophy, Activism, Nature 9. (Forthcoming)
Awolalu, J. Omosade. 1976 “Sin and its Removal in African traditional religion.” Journal of American Academy of Religion XLIV: 275–287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XLIV.2.275
Aryetey, I. 2002 Mastering Social Studies for Senior Secondary Schools. Accra: Excellent Publishing.
Busia, Kofi Abrefa. 1951 The Position of the Chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Deneulin, Severine and Masooda Bano. 2009 Religion and Development: Rewriting the Secular Script. London: Zed Books.
Ejizu, I. Christopher. n.d. “Emerging Key Issues in the Study of African traditional religions.” Accessed November 20, 2010. http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/ejizu.htm.
n.d “African traditional religion and the promotion of community living in Africa.” Accessed June 20, 2009. http://www.africaworld.net/afrel/community.htm.
Ephirim-Donkor, Anthony. 2010 African Religion Defined: A Systematic Study of Ancestor Worship among the Akan Lanham. Boulder: University of America.
Haynes, Jeffrey. 2007 Religion and Development: Conflict or Cooperation? New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Idowu, E. Bolaji. 1973 African traditional religion: A Definition. London: SCM .
Ikenga, Metuh Emefie. 1987 Comparative Studies of African Traditional Religions. Onitsha: IMICO Publishers.
Mbiti, John S., ed. 1990 African Religions and Philosophy. London: Heinemann.
Osei, Joseph. 1995 “Towards the Philosophy of Development: Africa’s Dilemma of Development and the Way Out.” International Third World Studies Journal and Review 7: 35–40.
“The Value of African Taboos for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development.” Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 8(3): 42–61.
n.d. “African Traditional Taboos and Development: Insight from a Philosophical Analysis of Akan and Ewe Taboos.” Accessed August 11, 2010. http://www.jsd-africa.com/Jsda/Fall2006/PDF/Arc_the%20Value%20of%20Arican%20Taboos.pdf.
Oosthuizen, Gerhardus Cornelis. 1987 “The Place African traditional religion in Contemporary Southern Africa.” In African traditional religion in Contemporary Society, edited by J. K. Olupona, 35–50. New York: Paragon.
Odotei, Irene K. and Albert K. Awedoba, eds. 2006 Chieftaincy in Ghana: Culture, Governance and Development. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers.
Owusu, Brempong. 2006 “Chieftaincy and Traditional Taboo: An Empirical Approach.” In Chieftaincy in Ghana: Culture, Governance and Development, edited by Irene K. Odotei and Albert K. Awedoba, 213–230. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers.
Rashid, S. 1996 “The challenges of Sustainable Development in the 1990s and Beyond.” In African Environment: Sustainable Development Beyond Rhetoric: Environmental Studies and Regional Planning Bulletin 10(37/38): 1–2.
Rose, Debora, Diana James and Christine Watson. 2003 Indigenous Kinship with the Natural World in New South Wales. New South Wales National Park and Wildlife Services.
Sibanda, Nkanyiso. 2009 “The Relationship Between Migration and Development in Africa.” Accessed November 24, 2010. http://afriissues.blogspot.com/2009/10/relationship-between-migration-and.html
Sarfo-Mensah, Paul and William Oduro. 2010 “Changes and Perceptions about Environment in the Forest–Savanna Transitional zone of Ghana: The influence of religion.” Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Working Papers. Accessed November 20, 2010. http://www.bepress.com/feem/papers398
Sarfo-Mensah, Paul. 2001 “The Spirituality of Forests and Conservation: The Dynamics of Change and Sustainability of Sacred Groves in the Transitional Zone of Ghana.” PhD Dissertation. University of Greenwich, UK.
Sarpong, Peter Kwasi. 1974 Ghana in Retrospect: Some Aspects of Ghanaian Culture. Tema: Ghana Publishing Corporation.
Smith, Edwin, ed. 1950 African Ideas of God. Edinburgh: Edinburgh House Press.
TheFreeDictionary. s.v. “Development.” Accessed 19, 2012. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/development.
The World Bank. Accessed June 12, 2009. http://youthink.worldbank.org/4kids/development/developmentstory1.php.