Equitable Evaluation Of Bilingual Children's Language Knowledge Using the CDI

It Really Matters Who You Ask

Authors

  • Annick De Houwer Universität Erfurt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/jmbs.11184

Keywords:

bilingual children, vocabulary, screening, CDI, Dutch, French

Abstract

The parent report or rating instrument commonly known as the CDI is an effective and fast method for evaluating, among other things, young children’s early comprehension and production vocabulary. It is widely used with both monolingual and bilingual populations. However, when the CDI is used with bilingual populations, methodological issues arise as to how the instrument can best be employed so that the evaluation is as complete and equitable as possible. It is commonly agreed that children need to be evaluated in both their languages. Who should provide these dual language data is less clear, and there is little attention to how data should be evaluated. Based on a detailed case study, this article focuses on some of these issues, with particular consideration given to (1) the added value of engaging more than a single rater per language in CDI data collection, and (2) the way ratings are processed. Given appropriate methodological attention, the CDI can effectively screen young bilingual children for a possible language delay. The article ends with a proposal for how one could do so in clinical practice.

Author Biography

  • Annick De Houwer, Universität Erfurt

    Professor of Language Acquisition and Multilingualism, Universität Erfurt, Germany

References

Bleses, D., Vach, W., Slott, M., Wehberg, S., Thomsen, P., Madsen, T. O., & Basbøll, H. (2008). Early vocabulary development in Danish and other languages: A CDI-based comparison. Journal of Child Language, 35(3), 619–50. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000908008714

Bockmann, A.-K., & Kiese-Himmel, C. (2006). ELAN – Eltern Antworten: Elternfragebogen zur Wortschatzentwicklung im frühen Kindesalter. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

Byers-Heinlein, C., & Werker, J. (2013). Lexicon structure and the disambiguation of novel words: Evidence from bilingual infants. Cognition, 128, 407–16. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.cognition.2013.05.010

De Houwer, A. (2009). Bilingual First Language Acquisition. Bristol: Multilingual Matters

De Houwer, A. (2010). Assessing lexical development in Bilingual First Language Acquisition: What can we learn from monolingual norms? In M. Cruz-Ferreira (Ed.), Multilingual Norms (pp. 279–322). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.

De Houwer, A., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Balance patterns in early bilingual acquisition: A longitudinal study of word comprehension and production. In C. Silva-Corvalán & J. Treffers-Daller (Eds.), Language dominance in bilinguals: Issues of measurement and operationalization (pp. 134–55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

De Houwer, A., Bornstein, M. H., & De Coster, S. (2006). Early understanding of two words for the same thing: A CDI study of lexical comprehension in infant bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism, 10, 331–47. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F13670069060100030401

De Houwer, A., Bornstein, M. H., & Leach, D. (2005). Assessing early communicative abil-ity: A cross-reporter cumulative score for the MacArthur CDI. Journal of Child Language, 32, 735–58. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1017/S0305000905007026

De Houwer, A., Bornstein, M. H., & Putnick, D. L. (2014). A bilingual-monolingual comparison of young children’s vocabulary size: Evidence from comprehension and production. Applied Psycholinguistics, 35, 1189–1211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716412000744

Fenson, L., Dale, P., Reznick, J. S., Bates, E., Thal, D., & Pethick, S. (1994). Variability in early communicative development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 59 (5, Serial No. 242).

Fenson, L., Dale, P., Reznick, J. S., Thal, D., Bates, E., Hartung, J., Pethick, S. J., & Reilly, J. (1993). MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: User’s guide and technical manual. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group.

Floccia, C., Sambrook, T. D., Delle Luche, C., Kwok, R., Goslin, J., White, L., Cattani, A., Sullivan, E., Abbot-Smith, K., Krott, A., Mills, D., Rowland, C., Gervain, J., & Plunkett, K. (2018). Vocabulary of 2-year-olds learning English and an additional language: Norms and effects of linguistic distance. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 83(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12348

Kern, S., & Gayraud, F. (2010). L’Inventaire Français du Développement Communicatif. Grenoble: La Cigale.

Kohnert, K. (2013). Language Disorders in Bilingual Children and Adults (2nd Edition). San Diego: Plural Publishing Inc.

Kuipers, J. R., & Thierry, G. (2015). Bilingualism and increased attention to speech: Evidence from event-related potentials. Brain & Language, 149, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2015.07.004

Legacy, J., Zesiger, P., Friend, M., & Poulin-Dubois, D. (2018) Vocabulary size and speed of word recognition in very young French-English bilinguals: A longitudinal study. Bilin¬gualism: Language and Cognition, 21, 137–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728916000833

Lovas, G. S. (2011) Gender and patterns of language development in mother–toddler and father–toddler dyads. First Language, 31(1), 83–108. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0142723709359241

Lundén, M., & Silvén, M. (2011). Balanced communication in mid-infancy promotes early vocabulary development: Effects of play with mother and father in mono- and bilingual families. International Journal of Bilingualism, 15, 535–59. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1367006911425816

Marchman, V. A., & Dale, P. S. (2018). Assessing receptive and expressive vocabulary in child language. In A. M. B. de Groot and P. Hagoort (Eds.), Research methods in psycholinguistics and the neurobiology of language: A practical guide (pp. 40–76). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.

Marchman, V., & Martínez-Sussmann, C. (2002). Concurrent validity of caregiver/parent report measures of language for children who are learning both English and Spanish. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 983–97. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/080)

O’Toole, C., Gatt, D., Hickey, T. M., Miękisz, A., Haman, E., Armon-Lotem, S., Rinker, T., Ohana, O., dos Santos, C., & Kern, S. (2017). Parent report of early lexical production in bilingual children across varied contexts: A CDI study. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20(2), 124–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1179258

O’Toole, C., & Fletcher, P. (2010) Validity of a parent report instrument for Irish-speaking toddlers. First Language, 30(2), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723709359237

RCSLT (Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists). (2018). Bilingualism. Retrieved from http://www.rcslt.org/-/media/Project/RCSLT/main-bilingualism.pdf, last accessed 14 January 2019.

Stolarova, M., Wolf, C., Rinker, T., & Brielmann, A. (2014). How to assess and compare inter-rater reliability, agreement and correlation of ratings: An exemplary analysis of mother–father and parent–teacher expressive vocabulary rating pairs. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 509. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00509

Taxitari, L., Kambanaros, M., Floros, G., & Grohmann, K. (2018) Early language development in a bilectal context: The Cypriot adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates CDI. In E. Babatsouli, D. Ingram & N. Müller (Eds.), Crosslinguistic encounters in language acquisition: Typical and atypical development (pp. 145–74). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Valente, D., Kern, S., & dos Santos, C. (2018) Does first word development in bilingual French-Portuguese toddlers mirror monolingual one? A study exploring executive function abilities. SHS Web of Conferences, 46, article 10006. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184610006

Weismer, S. E. (2007). Typical talkers, late talkers, and children with Specific Language Impairment: A language endowment spectrum? In R. Paul (Ed.), Language disorders from a developmental perspective (pp. 83–103). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Woll, B. (2013) Sign language and spoken language development in young children: Measuring vocabulary by means of the CDI. In L. Meurant, A. Sinte, M. Van Herreweghe, & M. Vermeerbergen (Eds.), Sign language research, uses and practices: Crossing views on theoretical and applied sign language linguistics (pp. 15–34). Boston/Berlin/Nijmegen: De Gruyter Mouton & Ishara Press.

Zink, I., & Lejaegere, M. (2002). N-CDIs: Lijsten voor Communicatieve Ontwikkeling. Aanpassing en Hernormering van de MacArthur CDIs van Fenson et al. Leuven: Acco.

Published

2019-06-24

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

De Houwer, Annick. 2019. “Equitable Evaluation Of Bilingual Children’s Language Knowledge Using the CDI: It Really Matters Who You Ask”. Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech 1 (1): 32–54. https://doi.org/10.1558/jmbs.11184.