Unmet wishes
A multimodal interaction analysis of the rejection of choice in assisted shopping interactions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jircd.19315Keywords:
brain injury, Choice, Embodied Interaction, Health Care;, Rejection, request, shoppingAbstract
In the field of health communication, it is increasingly important to understand the interactional management of free choice and the demands of (good) care, especially in situations where these two objectives conflict with each other. In a multimodal interaction analysis of video recordings, this article examines decision-making processes in which a caretaker refuses to retrieve a requested object for a woman living with acquired brain injury during their weekly shopping trip. The multimodal analysis describes both the sequential unfolding of these assisted shopping interactions and the interplay of multimodal resources used by the participants. The analysis demonstrates how choice is made available, despite communication impairments, and how the participants deal with the potential loss of face resulting from the caretaker’s rejections.
References
Antaki, C. (2013). Two conversational practices for encouraging adults with intellectual disabilities to reflect on their activities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57(6), 580–588. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01572.x
Antaki, C., and Crompton, R. J. (2015). Conversational practices promoting a discourse of agency for adults with intellectual disabilities. Discourse & Society, 26(6), 645–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926515592774
Antaki, C., Finlay, W. M. L., and Walton, C. (2009). Choices for people with intellectual disabilities: Official discourse and everyday practice. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 6(4), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2009.00230.x
Antaki, C., and Kent, K. (2012). Telling people what to do (and, sometimes, why): Contingency, entitlement and explanation in staff requests to adults with intellectual impairments. Journal of Pragmatics, 44(6–7), 876–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.03.014
Antaki, C., and Wilkinson, R. (2012). Conversation analysis and the study of atypical populations. In J. Sidnell and T. Stivers (Eds.), The Handbook of Conversation Analysis 533–550. Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch26
Carroll, K., Iedema, R., and Kerridge, R. (2008). Reshaping ICU ward round practices using video-reflexive ethnography. Qualitative Health Research, 18(3), 380–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732307313430
Cekaite, A. (2010). Shepherding the child: Embodied directive sequences in parent-child interactions. Text and Talk, 30(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.2010.001
Clark, C., and Pinch, T. (2010). Some major organizational consequences of some ‘minor’ organized behaviour: A video analysis of pre-verbal service encounters in a showroom retail store. In N. Llewellyn and J. Hindmarsh (Eds.), Organisation, Interaction and Practice. Studies in Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis 140–171. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511676512.008
Cook, A. (2001). Using video observation to include the experience of people with dementia in research. In H. Wilkinson, A. Bowes, E. Bruce, C. L. Clarke, and M. Downs (Eds.), The Perspectives of People with Dementia: Research Methods and Motivations 209–222. London: Jessica Kingsley.
De Stefani, E. (2013). The collaborative organisation of next actions in a semiotically rich environment: Shopping as a couple. In L. Mondada and M. Nevile (Eds.), Interaction and Mobility. Language and the Body in Motion 123–151. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110291278.123
De Stefani, E. (2014). Establishing joint orientation towards commercial objects in a self-service store. How practices of categorisation matter. In M. Nevile, P. Haddington, T. Heinemann, and M. Rauniomaa (Eds.), Interacting with Objects: Language, Materiality and Social Activity 271–294. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.186.12ste
De Stefani, E. (in press). Approaching the counter: Situated decision-making of couples shopping in a supermarket. In B. Fox, L. Mondada, and M.-L. Sorjonen (Eds.), Encounters at the Counter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Drew, P., and Couper-Kuhlen, E. (2014). Requesting – from speech act to recruitment. In P. Drew and E. Couper-Kuhlen (Eds.), Requesting in Social Interaction 1–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/slsi.26.01dre
Ellis, L. (2018). Making decisions together? Exploring the decision-making process in an inclusive research project. Disability & Society, 33(3), 454–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X18806493
Finlay, W. M. L., Antaki, A., and Walton, C. (2008). Saying no to the staff: An analysis of refusals in a home for people with severe communication difficulties. Sociology of Health & Illness, 30(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.01028.x
Finlay, W. M. L., Walton, C., and Antaki, C. (2008). Promoting choice and control in residential services for people with learning disabilities. Disability & Society, 23(4), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687590802038860
Fox, B. A., and Heinemann, T. (2015). The alignment of manual and verbal displays in requests for the repair of an object. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 48(3), 342–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2015.1058608
Fox, B., and Heinemann, T. (2016). Rethinking format: An examination of requests. Language in Society, 45(4), 499–531. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404516000385
Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Goodwin, C. (1995). Co-constructing meaning in conversations with an aphasic man. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 28(3), 233–260. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi2803_4
Goodwin, C. (2004). A competent speaker who can’t speak: The social life of aphasia. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 14(2), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2004.14.2.151
Goodwin, C., and Heritage, J. (1990). Conversation analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology, 19, 283–307. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001435
Heath, C., Hindmarsh, J., and Luff, P. (2010). Video in Qualitative Research: Analysing Social Interaction in Everyday Life. London: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526435385
Heinemann, T. (2006). ‘Will you or can’t you?’: Displaying entitlement in interrogative requests. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(7), 1081–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.09.013
Hepburn, A., and Bolden, B. B. (2013). The conversation analytic approach to transcription. In J. Sidnell and T. Stivers (Eds.), Handbook of Conversation Analysis 57–76. Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch4
Heritage, J. (2012). Epistemics in action: Action formation and territories of knowledge. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2012.646684
Heritage, J. (2016). The recruitment matrix. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 49(1), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2016.1126440
Heritage, J., and Pomerantz, A. (2013). Preference. In J. Sidnell and T. Stivers (Eds.), The Handbook of Conversation Analysis 210–228. Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch11
Houtkoop-Steenstra, H., and Antaki, C. (1997). Creating happy people by asking yes-no questions. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 30(4), 285–313. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3004_2
Hutchby, I., and Wooffitt, R. (1998). Conversation Analysis: Principles, Practices and Applications. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Jenkinson, J. C. (1993). ‘Who shall decide? The relevance of theory and research to decision-making by people with an intellectual disability. Disability, Handicap & Society, 8(4), 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/02674649366780351
Kendon, A. (1985). Behavioural foundations for the process of frame attunement in face-to-face interaction. In G. P. Ginsburg, M. Brenner, and M. von Cranach (Eds.), Discovery Strategies in the Psychology of Action: European Monographs in Social Psychology 229–253. London: Academic Press.
Kendrick, K. H., and Drew, P. (2016). Recruitment: Offers, requests, and the organization of assistance in interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 49(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2016.1126436
Krummheuer, A. L. (2020). Instrumental and moral assistance. An embodied interaction analysis of assisted shopping activities between a person with acquired brain injury and her caregivers. Pragmatics and Society, 11(3), 439–461. https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.17026.kru
Lindström, A. (2005). Language as social action: A study of how senior citizens request assistance with practical tasks in the Swedish home help service. In A. Hakulinen and M. Selting (Eds.), Syntax and Lexis in Conversation. Studies on the Use of Linguistic Resources in Talk-in-Interaction 209–230. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/sidag.17.11lin
Mol, A. (2008). The Logic of Care Health and the Problem of Patient Choice. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203927076
Parry, R. (2010). Video-based conversation analysis. In I. Bourgeault, R. Dingwall, and R. de Vries (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Methods in Health Research 373–396. London: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446268247.n20
Peräkylä, A. (1997). Reliability and validity in research based on tapes and transcripts. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative Research: Theory, Methods and Practices, 201–219. London: Sage.
Pilnick, A., Clegg, J., Murphy, E., and Almack, K. (2010). Questioning the answer: Questioning style, choice and self?determination in interactions with young people with intellectual disabilities. Sociology of Health & Illness, 32(3), 415–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01223.x
Pomerantz, A. (1984). Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments: Some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes. In J. M. Atkinson and J. C. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of Social Action. Studies in Conversational Analysis 57–101. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511665868.008
Rapley, M., and Antaki, C. (1996). A conversation analysis of the ‘acquiescence’ of people with learning disabilities. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 6(3), 207–227. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199608)6:3<207::AID-CASP370>3.0.CO;2-T
Rehm, M., Krummheuer, A., and Rodil, K. (2018). Developing a new brand of culturally-aware personal robots based on local cultural practices in the Danish health care system. In 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2018, Madrid (pp. 2002–2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2018.8594478
Rossi, G. (2014). When do people not use language to make a request? In P. Drew and E. Couper-Kuhlen (Eds.), Requesting in Social Interaction 303–334. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/slsi.26.12ros
Sacks, H. (1992). Lectures on Conversation, Volumes I and II (Ed. G. Jefferson). Oxford: Blackwell.
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., and Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50(4), 696–735. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1974.0010
Sidnell, J., and Stivers, T. (Eds.) (2012). The Handbook of Conversation Analysis. Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001
Sorjonen, M.-L., and Raevaara, L. (2014). On the grammatical form of requests at the convenience store: Requesting as embodied action. In P. Drew and E. Couper-Kuhlen (Eds.), Requesting in Social Interaction 234–268. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/slsi.26.10sor
Stevanovic, M., and Peräkylä, A. (2012). Deontic authority in interaction: The right to announce, propose, and decide. Research on Language and Social Interaction 45(3), 297–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2012.699260
Stevanovic, M., and Svennevig, J. (2015). Introduction: Epistemics and deontics in conversational directives. Journal of Pragmatics, 78, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.01.008
Streeck, J., Goodwin, C., and LeBaron, C. (Eds.) (2011). Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tulbert, E., and Goodwin, M. H. (2011). Choreographies of attention: Multimodality in a routine family activity. In J. Streeck, C. Goodwin, and C. LeBaron (Eds.), Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World 79–92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vinkhuyzen, E., and Szymanski, M. H. (2005). Would you like to do it yourself? Service requests and their non-granting response. In K. Richards and P. Seedhouse (Eds.), Applying Conversation Analysis 91–106. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230287853_6
Ylirisku, S., and Buur, J. (2007). Designing with Video. Focusing the User-Centred Design Process. London: Springer.
