The concept sketch as a space

Authors

  • Dennis Day University of Southern Denmark

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.33658

Keywords:

design; embodiment; participation; sketches; space; turn taking

Abstract

In this paper I explore some of the ways a concept sketch can be used in the professional practice of industrial design. The paper shows generally how an inscribed object is situated and utilized in collaborative activity, by focusing particularly on the space over the sketch as a site for participation in a concept development meeting. This participation is both bodily and verbally manifested and I attempt to show how using the sketch and not using the sketch are distinctly organized. A main finding is that the sketch – a ubiquitous artifact in design – is much more than the iconic representations inscribed upon it. For example, the ‘sketch space’ in the air over the sketch is a site that can arbitrate a fundamental organizational resource, namely turn taking. Another type of organization concerns the sorts of verbal actions carried out with and without the sketch, or the space over it. Actions concerning the organization of design were carried out without the sketch, while actions concerned with the concrete particulars of the design project at hand were carried out with the sketch. Its uses in the meeting allow for the artful demonstration of the professional competences of industrial designers.

Author Biography

  • Dennis Day, University of Southern Denmark

    Dennis Day is an Associate Professor at the Department of Language and Communication, University of Southern Denmark. Under the auspices of the SOIL project (http://social-objects.org) he has for the last three years worked on the role of objects in social interaction within a wide range of socio-material environments, from forklifts in warehouses to residences for refugees. Other research interests include demonstrations and claims of competence, human–robotic interaction and membership categorization and identity

References

Crabtree, Andy (2004) Taking technomethodology seriously: Hybrid change in the ethnomethodology–design relationship. European Journal of Information Systems 13 (3): 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000500

Day, Dennis and Johannes Wagner (2014) Objects as resources for turn taking and turn construction. In M. Neville, P. Haddington, T. Heinemann and M. Rauniomaa (eds) Interacting with Objects: Language, Materiality, and Social Activity, 101–123. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.186

De Stefani, Elwys, Paul Sambre and Dorien van de Mieroop (2016) The interactional history of examples and parentheses. Language & Dialogue 6 (1): 110–139. https://doi.org/10.1075/ld.6.1.04des

Donovan, Jared, Trine Heinemann, Ben Matthews and Jacob Buur (2011) Getting the point: The role of gesture in managing intersubjectivity in a design activity. AI EDAM 25 (3): 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0890060411000059

Dourish, Paul and Graham Button (1998) On ‘technomethodology’: Foundational rela­tionships between ethnomethodology and system design. Human-Computer Interaction 13 (4): 395–432. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci1304_2

Ford, Cecilia E. and Trine Stickle (2012) Securing recipiency in workplace meetings: Multimodal practices. Discourse Studies 14 (1): 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445611427213

Garfinkel, Harold (1967) Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Goodwin, Charles (2000) Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. Journal of Pragmatics 32 (10): 1489–1522. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(99)00096-x

Goodwin, Charles (2003) The semiotic body in its environment. In Justine Coupland and Richard Gwyn (eds) Discourses of the Body, 19–42. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Goodwin, Charles, Curtis LeBaron and Jürgen Streeck (eds) (2011) Multimodality and Human Activity: Research on Human Behavior, Action, and Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Heath, Christian (2002) Demonstrative suffering: The gestural (re)embodiment of symp­toms. Journal of Communication 52 (3): 597–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02564.x

Heath, Christian and Paul Luff (2000) Technology in Action. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­versity Press.

Heath, Christian, Paul Luff and Hubert Knoblauch (2004) Tools, technologies and organizational interaction: The emergence of workplace studies. In David Grant, Cynthia Hardy, Clifford Oswick and Linda L. Putman (eds) The Sage Handbook of Organizational Discourse, 359–378. London: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848608122.n16

Henderson, Kathryn (1999) On Line and on Paper: Visual Representations, Visual Culture, and Computer Graphics in Design Engineering. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Hindmarsh, Jon and Christian Heath (2000) Sharing the tools of the trade: The interactional constitution of workplace objects. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 29 (5): 523–562. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124100129023990

Jefferson, Gail (1990) List construction as a task and interactional resource. In George Psathas (ed.) Interaction Competence, 63–92. Washington, DC: University Press of America.

Jefferson, Gail (2004) Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In Gene Lerner (ed.) Conversation Analysis: Studies from the First Generation, 13–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Komter, Martha L. (2006) From talk to text: The interactional construction of a police record. Research on Language & Social Interaction 39 (3): 201–228. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3903_2

Kristensen, Elisabeth D. (2015) Student Displays of Academic Competence in the Interna­tional University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Denmark, Odense.

Latour, Bruno (1986) Visualization and cognition: Thinking with eyes and hands. In Henrika Kuklick (ed.) Knowledge and Society: Studies in the Sociology of Culture Past and Present, Volume 6, 1–40. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Lerner, Gene H. (1994) Responsive list construction: A conversational resource for accomplishing multifaceted social action. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 13 (1): 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X94131002

Lerner, Gene H. (1995) Turn design and the organization of participation in instructional activities. Discourse Processes 19 (1): 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539109544907

Lerner, Gene H. (2004) Collaborative turn sequences. In Gene H. Lerner (ed.) Conversation Analysis: Studies from the First Generation, 225–256. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.125.12ler

Luck, Rachael (2010) Using objects to coordinate design activity in interaction. Construction Management and Economics 28 (6): 641–655. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2010.489924

Luck, Rachael (2012) ‘Doing designing’: On the practical analysis of design in practice. Design Studies 33 (6): 521–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2012.11.002

Luff, Paul, Karola Pitsch, Christian Heath, Peter Herdman and Julian Wood (2010) Swiping paper: The second hand, mundane artifacts, gesture and collaboration. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 14 (3): 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-009-0253-4

Lynch, Michael (1985) Discipline and the material form of images: An analysis of scientific visibility. Social Studies of Science 15 (1): 37–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631285015001002

Lynch, Michael (1990) The externalized retina: Selection and mathematization in the visual documentation of objects in the life sciences. In Michael Lynch and Steve Woolgar (eds) Representation in Scientific Practice, 153–186. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

MacLean, Allan, Richard M. Young, Victoria M. Bellotti and Thomas P. Moran (1991) Questions, options, and criteria: Elements of design space analysis. Human–Computer Interaction 6 (3–4): 201–250. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0603&4_2

Malmborg, Lone, Bo Peterson and Mårten Pettersson (2007) Augmenting pen and paper to support creative collaboration in design education. Paper presented at International Digital Arts and Culture Conference, Perth, Australia. Available online: http://www.itu.dk/courses/KMP/E2007/Pdf/MalmborgFinal.pdf

Maynard, Douglas W. and Teddy Kardash (2008) Ethnomethodology. In George Riztzer (ed.) Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1483–1486. Boston: Blackwell.

Mondada, Lorenza (2006) Participants’ online analysis and multimodal practices: Projecting the end of the turn and the closing of the sequence. Discourse Studies 8 (1): 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445606059561

Mondada, Lorenza (2007) Multimodal resources for turn-taking: Pointing and the emergence of possible next speakers. Discourse Studies 9 (2): 194–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445607075346

Mondada, Lorenza (2009) Emergent focused interactions in public places: A systematic analysis of the multimodal achievement of a common interactional space. Journal of Pragmatics 41 (10): 1977–1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.09.019

Mondada, Lorenza (2011) The interactional production of multiple spatialities within a participatory democracy meeting. Social Semiotics 21 (2): 289–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2011.548650

Mortensen, Kristian and Christina Lundsgaard (2011) Preliminary notes on ‘grooming the object’: The example of an architectural presentation. In Jacob Buur (ed.) Participatory Innovation Conference [PIN-C 2011 Proceedings], 99–104. Odense: University of Southern Denmark.

Murphy, Keith M. (2004) Imagination as joint activity: The case of architectural interaction. Mind, Culture, and Activity 11 (4): 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327884mca1104_3

Murphy, Keith M. (2005) Collaborative imagining: The interactive use of gestures, talk, and graphic representation in architectural practice. Semiotica 156: 113–145. https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.2005.2005.156.113

Murphy, Keith M. (2012) Transmodality and temporality in design interactions. Journal of Pragmatics 44 (14): 1966–1981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.08.013

Nevile, Maurice, Pantti Haddington, Trine Heinemann and Mirka Rauniomaa (eds) (2014) Interacting with Objects: Language, Materiality, and Social Activity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Raymond, Geoffrey (2004) Prompting action: The stand-alone ‘so’ in ordinary conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction 37 (2): 185–218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3702_4

Reyman, Isabelle, Kees Dorst and Frido Smulders (2009) Co-evolution in design practice. In Janet McDonnell and Peter Lloyd (eds) About Designing: Analysing Design Meetings, 67–82. London: Taylor & Francis.

Selting, Margret (2007) Lists as embedded structures and the prosody of list construction as an interactional resource. Journal of Pragmatics 39 (3): 483–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.07.008

Sharma, Nishant (2011) Concrete, abstract or hybrid participatory toolkit. In Jacob Buur (ed.) Participatory Innovation Conference [PIN-C 2011 Proceedings], 71–74. Odense: University of Southern Denmark.

Sharrock, Wes (2001) Fundamentals of ethnomethodology. In George Ritzer and Barry Smart (eds) Handbook of Social Theory, 249–259. London: Sage.

Star, Susan L. and James R. Griesemer (1989) Institutional ecology, translations and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39. Social Studies of Science 19 (3): 387–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631289019003001

Streeck, Jürgen (2011) The changing meaning of things: Found objects and inscriptions in social interaction. In Jürgen Streeck, Charles Goodwin and Curtis LeBaron (eds) Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World, 67–78. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Streeck, Jürgen and Werner Kallmeyer (2001) Interaction by inscription. Journal of Pragmatics 33 (4): 465–490.

Suchman, Lucy. A. (1987) Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human–Machine Communication. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Published

2020-11-26

How to Cite

Day, D. (2020). The concept sketch as a space. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice, 14(2), 282–303. https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.33658