Coordinated note-taking?

Making (individual) notes in a social environment

Authors

  • Catherine E. Brouwer University of Southern Denmark
  • Kristian Mortensen University of Southern Denmark

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.33858

Keywords:

bodily conduct; contingency; coordination; methodology; notetaking; writing

Abstract

In this paper we study the nature of participants’ orientations to others’ actions in relation to their own. We base our analysis on an activity that may be regarded as somewhat individual: the writing of individual post-it notes while watching a video in a design activity. The paper’s point of departure is the observation that participants frequently write or refrain from writing at the same times. However, the participants’ explicit orientation to one another is quite rare, and more often than not co-occurring writing emerges without any public and visual displays. Assuming ‘order at all points’ we investigate the participants’ practices for managing the cooccurrence of writing and of non-writing, rather than submerse these phenomena as mere coincidence. We argue that participants are perceptually aware of one another and the actions that they each are performing through their peripheral field of vision, and that this constitutes a secondary focus of attention according to which one’s own writing may be arranged. Furthermore, we discuss the extent to which the actions of the participants are sequentially ordered and thus can be thought of as contingent on each other. The paper adds to a discussion of how action formation is accomplished by drawing on various materials in the participants’ perceptual environment.

Author Biographies

  • Catherine E. Brouwer, University of Southern Denmark

    Communication, University of Southern Denmark. Her research focuses broadly on interaction and language pedagogy, and includes topics on second language learning, bilingual language development, challenged interaction, interaction in preschool and in speech, hearing and language therapy. She chairs the study program in speech, hearing and language therapy.

  • Kristian Mortensen, University of Southern Denmark

    Kristian Mortensen is associate professor at the Department of Design and Communication, University of Southern Denmark. His research deals with practices of sense-making in social interaction with a focus on how social interaction is constructed through various resources such as talk, gaze, gesture, body posture and material objects. His work is centered mainly on language classroom interaction and user-based design.

References

Brouwer, Catherine E. and Jelle van Dijk (2011) Brainstorming: Talk and the representation of ideas and insights. In Jacob Buur (ed.) Participatory Innovation Conference [PIN-C 2011 Proceedings], 15–20. Odense: University of Southern Denmark.

De Stefani, Elwys and Anne-Danielle Gazin (2014) Instructional sequences in driving lessons: Mobile participants and the temporal and sequential organization of actions. Journal of Pragmatics 65: 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.08.020

De Stefani, Elwys, Paul Sambre and Dorien van De Mieroop (2016) The interactional history of examples and parentheses: Note-taking practices in multiparty interaction among attendees of a mutual-help group for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) sufferers. Language and Dialogue 6 (1): 110–139. https://doi.org/10.1075/ld.6.1.04des

Deppermann, Arnulf (2013) Introduction: Multimodal interaction from a conversation analytic perspective. Journal of Pragmatics 46 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.11.014

Garfinkel, Harold (1967) Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Garfinkel, Harold and Harvey Sacks (1970) On formal structures of practical actions. In J. C. McKinney and E. A. Tiryakian (eds), Theoretical Sociology, 337–366. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Goffman, Erving (1963) Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. New York: Free Press.

Goodwin, Charles (1981) Conversational Organization: Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. New York: Academic Press.

Goodwin, Charles (2013) The co-operative, transformative organization of human action and knowledge. Journal of Pragmatics 46 (1): 8–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.09.003

Hak, Tony (1995) Ethnomethodology and the institutional context. Human Studies 18 (2–3): 109-137.

Hazel, Spencer and Kristian Mortensen (2014) Embodying the institution: Object manipulation in developing interaction in study counselling meetings. Journal of Pragmatics 65: 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.11.016

Hazel, Spencer, Kristian Mortensen and Gitte Rasmussen (2014) Introduction: A body of resources – CA studies of social conduct. Journal of Pragmatics 65: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.10.007

Heath, Christian, Marina Jirotka, Paul Luff and Jon Hindmarsh (1995) The individual and the collaborative: The interactional organisation of trading in a city dealing room. Journal of Computer Supported Cooperation Work 3 (1): 147–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00773445

Ivarsson, Jonas and Christian Greiffenhagen (2015) The organization of turn-taking in pool skate sessions. Research on Language and Social Interaction 48 (4): 406–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2015.1090114

Jefferson, G. (2004) Glossary of Transcript Symbols with an Introduction. In G. H. Lerner (ed.), Conversation Analysis: Studies from the First Generation, 13–31. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Kendon, Adam (1990) [1970] Movement coordination in social interaction: Some examples described. In Adam Kendon (ed.) Conducting Interaction: Patterns of Behaviour in Focused Encounters, 91–115. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(70)90094-6

Komter, Martha L. (2006) From talk to text: The interactional construction of a police record. Research on Language and Social Interaction 39 (3): 201–228. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3903_2

Luff, Paul, Jon Hindmarsh and Christian Heath (eds) (2000) Workplace Studies: Recovering Work Practice and Informing System Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mondada, Lorenza (2002) Describing surgical gestures: The view from researcher’s and surgeon’s video recordings. Paper presented at Gesture: The Living Medium, First Con­gress of the International Society for Gesture Studies (ISGS), 5–8 June 2002, University of Texas, Austin. Available online: https://web.archive.org/web/20040618122538/http://www.utexas.edu/coc/cms/International_House_of_Gestures/Conferences/Proceedings/Contributions/Mondada/Austin=Mondada=txt.pdf

Mondada, Lorenza (2006) Participants’ online analysis and multimodal practices: Projecting the end of the turn and the closing of the sequence. Discourse Studies 8 (1): 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445606059561

Mondada, Lorenza (2007) Multimodal resources for turn-taking: Pointing and the emergence of possible next speakers. Discourse Studies 9 (2): 194–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445607075346

Mondada, Lorenza (2016a) Challenges of multimodality: Language and the body in social interaction. Journal of Sociolinguistics 20 (3): 336–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.1_12177

Mondada, Lorenza (2016b) Going to write: Embodied trajectories of writing of collective proposals in grassroot democracy meetings. Language and Dialogue 6 (1): 140–178. https://doi.org/10.1075/ld.6.1.05mon

Mondada, Lorenza (2018) Multiple temporalities of language and body in interaction: Challenges for transcribing multimodality. Research on Language and Social Interaction 51 (1): 85–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2018.1413878

Mondada, Lorenza and Kimmo Svinhufvud (2016) Writing-in-interaction: Studying writing as a multimodal phenomenon in social interaction. Language and Dialogue 6 (1): 1–53. https://doi.org/10.1075/ld.6.1.01mon

Mortensen, Kristian (2013) Writing aloud: Some interactional functions of the public display of emergent writing. In Helinä Melkas and Jacob Buur (eds) Proceedings of the Participatory Innovation Conference PIN-C 2013, 119–125. Lahti, Finland: Lappeenranta University of Technology.

Mortensen, Kristian (2016) The body as a resource for other-initiation of repair: Cupping the hand behind the ear. Research on Language and Social Interaction 49 (1): 34–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2016.1126450

Nevile, M. (2015) The embodied turn in research on language and social interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction 48 (2): 121–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2015.1025499

Nielsen, Søren B. (2016) How doctors manage consulting computer records while interacting with patients. Research on Language and Social Interaction 49 (1): 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2016.1126451

Rasmussen, Gitte, Kristian Mortensen and Spencer Hazel (eds) (2014) A Body of Resources: CA Studies of Social Conduct. Special issue of Journal of Pragmatics 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.10.007

Rauniomaa, Mirka and Tiina Keisanen (2012) Two multimodal formats for responding to requests. Journal of Pragmatics 44 (6–7): 829–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.03.003

Robinson, Jeffrey D. and Tanya Stivers (2001) Achieving activity transitions in physician-patient encounters: From history taking to physical examination. Human Communication Research 27 (2): 253–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00782.x

Ryave, A. Lincoln and James N. Schenkein (1974) Notes on the art of walking. In Roy Turner (ed.) Ethnomethodology: Selected Readings, 265–274. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.

Sacks, Harvey (1992) Lectures on Conversation. Oxford: Blackwell.

Sacks, Harvey, Emmanuel A. Schegloff and Gail Jefferson (1974) A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50 (4): 696–735. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1974.0010

Schegloff, Emmanuel A. (1993) Reflections on quantification in the study of conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction 26 (1): 99–128. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi2601_5

Schegloff, Emmanuel A. (2007) Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Con­versation Analysis, Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Seo, Mi-Suk and Irene Koshik (2010) A conversation analytic study of gestures that engender repair in ESL conversational tutoring. Journal of Pragmatics 42 (8): 2219–2239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.01.021

Streeck, J. (1996) How to do things with things. Objects trouvés and symbolization. Human Studies, 19, 365-384. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00188849

Streeck, Jürgen (2009) Gesturecraft: The Manu-Facture of Meaning. Amsterdam: John Benjamin.

Streeck, Jürgen, Charles Goodwin and Curtis LeBaron (eds) (2011) Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047404512000711

Streeck, Jürgen and Ulrike Hartge (1992) Previews: Gestures at the transition place. In Peter Auer and Aldo Di Luzio (eds) The Contextualization of Language, 135–157. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Svinhufvud, Kimmo (2016) Nodding and note-taking: Multimodal analysis of writing and nodding in student counseling interaction. Language and Dialogue 6 (1): 81–109.

Tolmie, Peter and Mark Rouncefield (2011) Organizational acumen. In Mark Rouncefield and Peter Tolmie (eds) Directions in Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis: Ethnomethodology at Work, 37–56. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.

Published

2020-11-26

How to Cite

Brouwer, C. E., & Mortensen, K. (2020). Coordinated note-taking? Making (individual) notes in a social environment. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice, 14(2), 256–281. https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.33858