Morphosyntactic variation: Individual grammar and group grammar in the ‘de-dialectalization’ of Italian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.32807Keywords:
REGIONAL ITALIAN, DE-DIALECTALIZATION OF ITALIAN, MORPHOSYNTAX, SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL VARIATIONAbstract
This paper draws upon the results of recent sociolinguistic studies on regional varieties of Italian and aims to provide a general overview of the differences between and within socially defined groups with respect to the use of regional morphosyntactic features. In this respect, a distinction is made between the following cases: (i) similar sociolects, similar idiolects; (ii) different sociolects, similar idiolects; and (iii) same sociolect, different idiolects. These three cases are discussed against the backdrop of the progressive loss of regional morphosyntactic features of Italian across generations, a process which is referred to here as the ‘de-dialectalization’ of Italian. Various phenomena are considered; among others, the use of personal pronouns conveying a reflexive meaning, the distribution of simple past and compound past, the lack of subject-verb agreement in existential plural constructions, the so-called doubly filled complementizer, and the presence of direct object marking.References
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Cerruti, M. (2015) Co-occurring features in a dialect-standard continuum: Regional standards (and other varieties) in Italo-Romance. ICLaVE 8: 8th International Conference on Language Variation in Europe, Leipzig, May 27–29, 2015.
Cerruti, M. (2016a) Changes from below, changes from above. Relative constructions in contemporary Italian. In M. Cerruti, C. Crocco and S. Marzo (eds) Towards a new standard: Theoretical and empirical studies on the restandardization of Italian 62–88. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
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Cerruti, M. and Regis, R. (2014) Standardization patterns and dialect/standard convergence: A North-Western Italian perspective. Language in Society 43(1): 83–111.
Cerruti, M., Crocco, C. and Marzo, S. (eds) (2016) Towards a new standard: Theoretical and empirical studies on the restandardization of Italian. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Chomsky, N. (1986) Knowledge of language: Its nature, origin and use. New York: Praeger.
Cordin, P. (2001) I pronomi ri?essivi. In L. Renzi (ed.) Grande grammatica italiana di consultazione. Volume I 607–617. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Cornips, L. and Corrigan K. P. (eds) (2005) Syntax and variation: Reconciling the biological and the social. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.265.
Cortelazzo, M. A. (2001) L’italiano e le sue varietà: una situazione in movimento. Lingua e stile 34(3): 417–430.
Cravens, T. D. and Giannelli, L. (1995) Relative salience of gender and class in a situation of multiple competing norms. Language Variation and Change 7: 261–285. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500001010.
Crocco, C. (2016) Everyone has an accent: Standard Italian and regional pronunciation. In M. Cerruti, C. Crocco and S. Marzo (eds) Towards a new standard: Theoretical and empirical studies on the restandardization of Italian 89–117. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Cuzzolin, P. (2002) ‘Frammenti di grammatica viva’. Nota su un uso anomalo del pronome atono le nell’italiano contemporaneo. Linguistica e Filologia 14: 69–79.
D’Achille, P. (2008) Le varietà diastratiche e diafasiche delle lingue romanze dal punto di vista storico: italiano. In G. Ernst, M.-D. Gle?gen, C. Schmitt and W. Schweickard (eds) Romanische Sprachgeschichte. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Geschichte der romanischen Sprachen. Vol. III 2334–2355. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dorian, N. (1994) Varieties of variation in a very small place: Social homogeneity, prestige norms and linguistic variation. Language 70: 631–696. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/416324.
Ferguson, C. A. (1959) Diglossia. Word 15: 325–340. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1959.11659702.
Foresti, F., Morisi, P. and Resca, M. (eds) (1983) Era come a mietere. Testimonianze orali e scritte di soldati sulla Grande guerra con immagini inedite. Bologna: Comune di San Giovanni in Persiceto.
Gregersen, F. (1995) Some problems with the Labovian paradigm. In Proceedings of the International Congress of Dialectologists IV 35–48. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Guardiano, C. (2010) L’oggetto diretto preposizionale in siciliano. Una breve rassegna e qualche domanda. Quaderni di lavoro ASIt 11: 83–101.
Guerini, F. (2015) Being a former Second World War partisan: Reported speech and the expression of local identity. Open Linguistics 1(1): 191–210. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/opli-2014-0010.
Gumperz, J. J. (1964) Linguistic and social interaction in two communities. American Anthropologist 66: 137–153. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1964.66.suppl_3.02a00100.
Guy, G. R. (1980) Variation in the group and the individual: The case of ?nal stop deletion. In W. Labov (ed.) Locating language in time and space 1–36. New York: Academic Press.
Guy, G. R. (2013) The cognitive coherence of sociolects: How do speakers handle multiple sociolinguistic variables? Journal of Pragmatics 52: 63–71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.12.019.
Johnstone, B. (2001) The individual. In A. Duranti (ed.) Key terms in language and culture 122–125. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Keenan, E. L. and Comrie, B. (1977) Noun phrase accessibility and Universal Grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 8: 63–99.
King, R. (2013) Morphosyntactic variation. In R. Bayley, R. Cameron and C. Lucas (eds) The Oxford handbook of sociolinguistics 445–463. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0022.
Kortmann, B. (2010) Areal variation in syntax. In P. Auer and J. E. Schmidt (eds) Language and space: An international handbook of linguistic variation. Vol. I 837–864. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Kroch, A. (1989) Re?exes of grammar in patterns of language change. Language variation and change 1: 199–244. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500000168.
Labov, W. (1966) The social strati?cation of English in New York City. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Labov, W. (1969) The study of Nonstandard English. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
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Published
2018-03-26
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Cerruti, M. (2018). Morphosyntactic variation: Individual grammar and group grammar in the ‘de-dialectalization’ of Italian. Sociolinguistic Studies, 11(2-3-4), 313-340. https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.32807
