Child-addressed talk as an interactional resource

The management of (non-)seriousness in talk between nursery schoolteachers and parents

Authors

  • Kaoru Hayano Japan Women’s University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/rcsi.23594

Keywords:

nursery schoolteachers, parents, child-addressed talk, participation roles, seriousness and non-seriousness of the report

Abstract

When parents come to pick up their children at a nursery school, teachers give them the day’s report in the presence of the children. Although the teachers mostly address their reports to the parent of a child, they occasionally address the child. This conversation analytic study documents the use of child-addressed talk (CAT) in nursery schoolteacher–parent interactions. I demonstrate that the use or non-use of CAT is a resource that a nursery schoolteacher may use to assign different participation roles to the child, and, by so doing, to forecast the (non-)seriousness of the incipient report. I further suggest that what amounts to a serious or non-serious matter is subject to interactional negotiation and that CAT is one of many resources that adult participants can use to negotiate and achieve agreement on the matter. Data are drawn from a corpus of Japanese conversations between nursery schoolteachers and parents recorded in Tokyo.

Author Biography

  • Kaoru Hayano, Japan Women’s University

    Kaoru Hayano (PhD, Radboud University Nijmegen with affiliation to Max Planck Institute for Psychology) is associate professor at Japan Women’s University (Japan). She specializes in conversation analysis with a primary focus on interactants’ orientations to epistemics. She studies interactions between native speakers of Japanese in various settings including ordinary conversations between friends or family members, instructional encounters, and service encounters. Her current research interests include parent–teacher interactions, remembering as a situated interactional practice, grammatical variations in response, and peer interactions in the EFL classroom.

References

Björk-Willén, P. (2017). The preschool entrance hall: A bilingual transit zone for preschoolers. In A. Bateman & A. Church (eds), Children’s Knowledge-in-Interaction: Studies in Conversation Analysis (pp. 169–188). Springer.

Clift, R. & Holt, E. (2007). Introduction. In E. Holt & R. Clift (eds), Reporting Talk: Reported Speech in Interaction (pp. 1–15). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486654.002

Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of Talk. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Goodwin, C. (1996). Transparent vision. In E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff & S. A. Thompson (eds), Interaction and Grammar (pp. 370–404). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486654.003

Hayano, K. (2011). Giving support to the claim of epistemic primacy: Yo-marked assessments in Japanese. In T. Stivers, L. Mondada & J. Steensig (eds), The Morality of Knowledge in Conversation (pp. 58–81). Cambridge University Press.

Hayano, K. (2017). When (not) to claim epistemic independence: The use of ne and yone in Japanese conversation. East Asian Pragmatics, 22(2), 163–193. https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.34740

Hayano, K. (2021). Hogosha-hoikushi kan kaiwa ni okeru hookoku rensa [Report sequences in interactions between parents and nursery schoolteachers]. In H.Tanaka, K. Hata, E. Yoshida and M. Yamaguchi (eds), Dooteki Goyooron no Koochiku e mukete vol. 3 [Dynamic Pragmatics vol. 3] (pp. 182–202). Kaitakusha.

Hayashi, M. (2012). Claiming uncertainty in recollection: A study of kke-marked utterances in Japanese conversation. Discourse Processes, 49(5), 391–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2012.673845

Heritage, J. & Lindström, A. (1998). Motherhood, medicine and morality: Scenes from a medical encounter. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 31(3–4), 397–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.1998.9683598

Heritage, J. & Raymond, G. (2005). The terms of agreement: Indexing epistemic authority and subordination in assessment sequences. Social Psychology Quarterly, 68(1), 15–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250506800103

Jefferson, G. (1981). The Abominable ‘ne’: A Working Paper Exploring the Phenomenon of Post-response Pursuit of Response. Occasional Paper No. 6, University of Manchester, Department of Sociology.

Jefferson, G. (2004). Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In G. H. Lerner (ed.), Conversation Analysis: Studies from the First Generation (pp. 13–23). John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1973.9.1.47

Lerner, G. (1992). Assisted storytelling: Deploying shared knowledge as a practical matter. Qualitative Sociology, 15(3), 247–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00990328

Levinson, S. C. (1988). Putting linguistics on a proper footing: Explorations in Goffman’s participation framework. In P. Drew & A. Wootton (eds), Goffman: Exploring the Interaction Order (pp. 161–227). Polity Press.

Maynard, D. (1997). The news delivery sequence: Bad news and good news in conversational interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 30(2), 92–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3002_1

Maynard, D. (2003). Bad News, Good News: Conversational Order in Everyday Talk and Clinical Settings. University of Chicago Press.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. (2008). Hoikujo Hoiku Shishin Kaisetsu [The Commentary on the guidelines on nursery schools and childrearing]. Retrieved from www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-11900000-Koyoukintoujidoukateikyoku/0000202211.pdf

Mondada, L. (2019). Conventions for multimodal transcription. Retrieved from www.lorenzamondada.net/multimodal-transcription

Pillet-Shore, D. (2012). The problems with praise in parent–teacher interaction. Communication Monographs, 79(2), 181–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2012.672998

Pillet-Shore, D. (2015). Being a ‘good parent’ in parent–teacher conferences. Journal of Communication, 65(2), 373–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12146

Pillet-Shore, D. (2016). Criticizing another’s child: How teachers evaluate students during parent-teacher conferences. Language in Society, 45, 33–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404515000809

Raymond, G. & Heritage, J. (2006). The epistemics of social relations: Owning grandchildren. Language in Society, 35, 677–705. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404506060325

Sacks, H. (1992). Lectures on Conversation (2 vols.). Basil Blackwell.

Schegloff, E. A. (2007). Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis, vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.

Stivers, T. (2001), Negotiating who presents the problem: Next speaker selection in pediatric encounters. Journal of Communication, 51(2), 252–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2001.tb02880.x

Stivers, T. (2007). Prescribing under Pressure: Physician-Parent Conversations and Antibiotics. Oxford University Press.

Stivers, T. (2008). Stance, alignment, and affiliation during storytelling: When nodding is a token of affiliation. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 41(1), 31–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351810701691123

Stivers, T. & Sidnell, J. (2012). The Handbook of Conversation Analysis. Wiley-Blackwell.

Terasaki, A. K. (2004) [1976]. Pre-announcement sequences in conversation. In G. Lerner (ed.), Conversation Analysis: Studies from the First Generation (pp. 171–223). John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.125.11ter

Published

2023-09-04

How to Cite

Hayano, K. (2023). Child-addressed talk as an interactional resource: The management of (non-)seriousness in talk between nursery schoolteachers and parents. Research on Children and Social Interaction, 7(1), 38–64. https://doi.org/10.1558/rcsi.23594