Globalization and commercialization of Caribbean music
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/pomh.v3i3.247Keywords:
authenticity, Bob Marley, Caribbean music, commercialization, cultural global, globalization, popular music, record industry, reggae, technology, textAbstract
This article discusses the impact of globalization on Anglophone Caribbean popular music—calypso and reggae—chronologically addressing its aesthetic and economic transformations from the early 1900s through to the twenty-first century. It explores the artistic and commercial consequences of unequal transcultural interaction in both aural and visual realms, and also assesses the implications surrounding the recent international impact of performers from Barbados.
References
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Barrow, S., and Dalton, P. 2004. The Rough Guide To Reggae. 3rd ed. London: Rough Guides.
Brandle, L. 2005. ‘Going Global’. Billboard, September 10: 48.
Cobo, L. 2005a. ‘Catch Reggaeton Fever’. Billboard, September 10: 39–42.
—2005b. ‘Latin Rap Makes Its Move’. Billboard, April 30: 35.
—2005c. ‘Home Run For Yankee’. Billboard, August 6: 8.
Cooper, C. 2004. Sound Clash: Jamaican Dancehall Culture At Large. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cowley, J. 1985. West Indian Gramaphone Records in Britain: 1927–1950. Coventry: University of Warwick.
—1993. ‘L’Annee Passee: Selected Repertoire in English-Speaking West Indian Music, 1900–1960’. A Journal of Black Musical Traditions (Keskidee) 3: 2–42.
Gayle, C. 1996. ‘Are You Ready For Rude and Rough Reggae?’ In The Beat Goes On: The Rock File Reader, eds Charlie Gillett and Simon Frith, 29–42. London: Pluto Press.
George, R. 2005. ‘Between the Bullets’. Billboard, September 17: 55.
Hall, R. 2002. ‘Indie Reggae Label VP Pacts With Atlantic’. Billboard, October 19: http://www. billboard.biz/bb/biz/archivesearch/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1739030
Harris, K. 2002. ‘Squandering Natural Resources’. PRS Members Music Magazine 5 (Autumn): 28.
James, V. 2001. The Caribbean Music Industry Database. UNCTAD/WIPO.
Jones, I. 2005. ‘Paul: No Dutty Redux’. Billboard, September 24: 61.
Jones, S. 1988. Black Culture, White Youth: The Reggae Tradition from JA to UK. London: Macmillan.
Kozul-Wright, Z., and L. Stanbury. 1998. Becoming a Globally Competitive Player: The Case of the Music Industry in Jamaica. UNCTAD.
Lannert, J. 2005. ‘Cardenas’ Drive for Live Success’. Billboard, October 8: 42–5.
Libby, M. 2005. ‘Rihanna Makes “Play” for Stardom’. Billboard, August 13: 45.
Mason, P. 1998. Bacchannal! The Carnival Culture of Trinidad. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
McCann, I., and H. Hawke. 2004. Bob Marley: The Complete Guide to His Music. London: Omnibus.
Negus, K. 1992. Producing Pop: Culture and Conflict in the Popular Music Industry. New York: Edward Arnold.
O’Brien, T., and M. Savage. 2002. Naked Vinyl: Bachelor Album Cover Art. New York: Chrysalis.
Price, D. E. 2005. ‘Some Retailers Not High on Nelson Album Art’. Billboard, July 30: 16.
Reising, R., ed. 2005. ‘Speak To Me’: The Legacy of Pink Floyd’s The Dark Side of the Moon. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Rivera, R. Z. 2003. New York Ricans in the Hip Hop Zone. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781403981677
Rohlehr, G. 1990. Calypso and Society in Pre-Independence Trinidad. Trinidad: Gordon Rohlehr.
Romero, A. 2005. ‘Latin Kings’. Vibe, November: 118–22.
Shuker, R. 1998. Key Concepts in Popular Music. London: Routledge.
Sweeney, P. 1991. The Virgin Directory of World Music. New York: Henry Holt.
Taylor, C. 2005. ‘Radio Flips for Reggaeton’. Billboard, September 10: 47.
Time Magazine. 1999. ‘The Best of the Century’. December 31: http://www.time.com/time/ magazine/article/0,9171,993039-2,00.htm
White, A., and F. Bronson. 1993. The Billboard Book of Number One Rhythm & Blues Hits. New York: Billboard Books.
Williams, R. 2001. Liner notes. Catch a Fire Deluxe Edition. Tuff Gong/Universal.
Discography
Catch a Fire. 1999. Classic Albums Series. Eagle Rock. DVD.
—1999. ‘Positive Vibration? Capitalist Textual Hegemony and Bob Marley’. In Caribbean Romances: The Politics of Regional Representation, ed. Belinda Edmondson, 92–104. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
—2000. ‘White Reggae: Cultural Dilution in the Record Industry’. Popular Music & Society 24/1: 15–30.
—2002. ‘Echoes of Dub: Spatiality, Assimilation and Invisibility’. In Looking Back, Looking Ahead: Popular Music Studies 20 Years Later—IASPM Conference Proceedings, eds K. Kärki, R. Leydon and H. Terho, 469–75. IASPM Norden.
—2003. ‘Atlantic Crossover: Black British Music in America’. Unpublished conference paper, IASPM International Conference, Montreal, Canada.
—2005. ‘International Crossroads: Reggae, Dancehall and the U.S. Recording Industry’. In Globalization, Diaspora and Caribbean Popular Culture, eds Christine Ho and Keith Nurse, 283–96. Kingston: Ian Randle Press.
Barrow, S., and Dalton, P. 2004. The Rough Guide To Reggae. 3rd ed. London: Rough Guides.
Brandle, L. 2005. ‘Going Global’. Billboard, September 10: 48.
Cobo, L. 2005a. ‘Catch Reggaeton Fever’. Billboard, September 10: 39–42.
—2005b. ‘Latin Rap Makes Its Move’. Billboard, April 30: 35.
—2005c. ‘Home Run For Yankee’. Billboard, August 6: 8.
Cooper, C. 2004. Sound Clash: Jamaican Dancehall Culture At Large. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cowley, J. 1985. West Indian Gramaphone Records in Britain: 1927–1950. Coventry: University of Warwick.
—1993. ‘L’Annee Passee: Selected Repertoire in English-Speaking West Indian Music, 1900–1960’. A Journal of Black Musical Traditions (Keskidee) 3: 2–42.
Gayle, C. 1996. ‘Are You Ready For Rude and Rough Reggae?’ In The Beat Goes On: The Rock File Reader, eds Charlie Gillett and Simon Frith, 29–42. London: Pluto Press.
George, R. 2005. ‘Between the Bullets’. Billboard, September 17: 55.
Hall, R. 2002. ‘Indie Reggae Label VP Pacts With Atlantic’. Billboard, October 19: http://www. billboard.biz/bb/biz/archivesearch/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1739030
Harris, K. 2002. ‘Squandering Natural Resources’. PRS Members Music Magazine 5 (Autumn): 28.
James, V. 2001. The Caribbean Music Industry Database. UNCTAD/WIPO.
Jones, I. 2005. ‘Paul: No Dutty Redux’. Billboard, September 24: 61.
Jones, S. 1988. Black Culture, White Youth: The Reggae Tradition from JA to UK. London: Macmillan.
Kozul-Wright, Z., and L. Stanbury. 1998. Becoming a Globally Competitive Player: The Case of the Music Industry in Jamaica. UNCTAD.
Lannert, J. 2005. ‘Cardenas’ Drive for Live Success’. Billboard, October 8: 42–5.
Libby, M. 2005. ‘Rihanna Makes “Play” for Stardom’. Billboard, August 13: 45.
Mason, P. 1998. Bacchannal! The Carnival Culture of Trinidad. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
McCann, I., and H. Hawke. 2004. Bob Marley: The Complete Guide to His Music. London: Omnibus.
Negus, K. 1992. Producing Pop: Culture and Conflict in the Popular Music Industry. New York: Edward Arnold.
O’Brien, T., and M. Savage. 2002. Naked Vinyl: Bachelor Album Cover Art. New York: Chrysalis.
Price, D. E. 2005. ‘Some Retailers Not High on Nelson Album Art’. Billboard, July 30: 16.
Reising, R., ed. 2005. ‘Speak To Me’: The Legacy of Pink Floyd’s The Dark Side of the Moon. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Rivera, R. Z. 2003. New York Ricans in the Hip Hop Zone. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781403981677
Rohlehr, G. 1990. Calypso and Society in Pre-Independence Trinidad. Trinidad: Gordon Rohlehr.
Romero, A. 2005. ‘Latin Kings’. Vibe, November: 118–22.
Shuker, R. 1998. Key Concepts in Popular Music. London: Routledge.
Sweeney, P. 1991. The Virgin Directory of World Music. New York: Henry Holt.
Taylor, C. 2005. ‘Radio Flips for Reggaeton’. Billboard, September 10: 47.
Time Magazine. 1999. ‘The Best of the Century’. December 31: http://www.time.com/time/ magazine/article/0,9171,993039-2,00.htm
White, A., and F. Bronson. 1993. The Billboard Book of Number One Rhythm & Blues Hits. New York: Billboard Books.
Williams, R. 2001. Liner notes. Catch a Fire Deluxe Edition. Tuff Gong/Universal.
Discography
Catch a Fire. 1999. Classic Albums Series. Eagle Rock. DVD.
Published
2009-09-06
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Alleyne, M. (2009). Globalization and commercialization of Caribbean music. Popular Music History, 3(3), 247-273. https://doi.org/10.1558/pomh.v3i3.247
