Cultural protectionism in a deregulated and diversifying broadcasting environment
Getting more M?ori music on air
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/prbt.v15i1.17807Keywords:
broadcasting policy, Maori, musicAbstract
While radio broadcasting in post-colonial New Zealand has been dominated by P?keh?, M?ori have challenged their dominance of the nation’s airwaves in recent decades, having successfully carved out a space for themselves within the New Zealand mediascape. Nevertheless, getting more M?ori music (especially songs with te reo lyrics) on radio and other forms of broadcasting media remains a challenge—especially in the New Zealand commercial broadcasting sphere. This challenge has been addressed in various ways by the two organizations mandated to promote M?ori language and M?ori culture via broadcasting, Te M?ngai P?ho (TMP) and New Zealand On Air (NZOA). This article describes and evaluates their responses to calls for more M?ori music on air, and suggests further measures that could be implemented to increase the broadcasting of such music. It will also place TMP and NZOA’s strategies in the context of broader New Zealand cultural-political shifts, and changes in the New Zealand broadcasting environment. The article asks whether, or to what extent, cultural protectionism is needed in New Zealand’s current deregulated and diversifying broadcasting environment.
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Aperahama, Hareruia. 2006. ‘M?ori Music 2000–2005’. In State of the M?ori Nation: Twenty-first-century Issues in Aotearoa, ed. Malcolm Mulholland et al., 115–25. Auckland: Reed.
—2012. Interview with author, 1 February.
Armitage, Andrew. 1995. Comparing the Policy of Aboriginal Assimilation: Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Canada: UBC Press.
Armstrong, Robert. 2010. Broadcasting Policy in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Black, Malcolm et al. 2004. Creating Heat: Tumata kia whita! A Strategy to Ignite the Economic and Cultural Potential of the New Zealand Music Industry. Wellington: Music Industry Export Development Group.
Brice, David. 2012. Interview with author, 25 January.
Brown, Russell, and Andrew Dubber. 2007. ‘Executive Summary’. In We’re All in This Together: Public Broadcasting in the Digital Age. Wellington: NZOA. http://nzonair.clicksuite.co.nz/media/6947/public%20broadcasting%20in%20the%20digital%20age%20oct%202007.pdf
Burns, Derek. 1997. Public Money, Private Lives: Aotearoa Television—the Inside Story. Auckland: Reed.
Caddick, Chris. 2010. Review of NZ On Air’s Domestic Music Promotion & Funding Schemes. Wellington: NZOA.
Community Broadcasting Foundation. 2014. Radio Nation—Increasing Indigenous Voices on the Airways. http://www.cbf.com.au/projects-and-resources/radio-nation-increasing-indigenous-voices-on-the-airways (accessed 9 October 2013).
Douché, R. P. Consulting. 2001. The New Zealand Music Industry: A Scoping Review of the Contemporary Music Industry. Wellington: Industry New Zealand.
Dubber, Andrew. 2007. ‘Tutira Mai Nga Iwi (Line Up Together, People): Constructing New Zealand Identity through Commercial Radio’. The Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast and Audio Media 5(1): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/rajo.5.1.19_1
Flew, Terry, and Stuart Cunningham. 2002. ‘“South of the West”: Cultural Coordinates of the Australian Audiovisual System’. Quaderns sel CAC 14: 45–52.
Fox, Derek. 2001. ‘Honouring the Treaty: Indigenous Television in Aotearoa’. In New Zealand Television: A Reader, ed. J. Farnsworth and I. Hutchison, 260–69. Palmerston North: Dunmore Press.
George, Petrina. 2012. Interview with author, 26 January.
Goldsmith, Carl. 2009. Interview with author, 17 December.
Homan, Shane. 2012. ‘Local Priorities, Industry Realities: The Music Quota as Cultural Exceptionalism’. Media, Culture & Society 34(8): 1040–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443712455390
Hood, Tom. 2012. Interview with author, 7 February.
M?ori Language Commission. n.d. ‘History’, http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/english/issues_e/hist/index.shtml (accessed 20 April 2014).
Martin, Hine [The Phirm Ltd.]. 2005. Te Hukuroa: Consultation Report for the M?ori Music Industry Coalition Board. Wellington: M?ori Music Industry Coalition Board.
Mitchell, Tony. 1994. ‘Flying in the Face of Fashion: Independent Music in New Zealand’. In North Meets South: Popular Music in Aotearoa, New Zealand, ed. P. Hayward, T. Mitchell and R. Shuker, 28–52. Sydney: Perfect Beat Publications.
Neill, Karen, and Morris W. Shanahan. 2004. ‘The Evolution of New Zealand Radio’. In Media Studies in Aotearoa/New Zealand, ed. Luke Goode and Nabeel Zuberi, 105–21. Auckland: Pearson Education.
New Zealand On Air (NZOA). 2013. NZ On Air Six Monthly Report. http://www.nzonair.govt.nz/corporate-document-library/6-monthly-report-to-minister-june-2013/ (accessed 10 February 2015).
Pickering, Michael and Shuker, Roy. 1994. ‘Struggling to Make Ourselves Heard: Music, Radio and the Quota Debate’. In North Meets South: Popular Music in Aotearoa, New Zealand, ed. P. Hayward, T. Mitchell and R. Shuker, 73–97. Sydney: Perfect Beat Publications.
Reeder, Te Awanui. 2012. Interview with author, 24 January.
Reweti, Debra. 2006. ‘M?ori and Broadcasting’. In State of the M?ori Nation: Twenty-first-century Issues in Aotearoa, ed. Malcolm Mulholland et al., 179–86. Auckland: Reed.
Shuker, Roy. 2008. ‘New Zealand Popular Music, Government Policy, and Cultural Identity’. Popular Music 27(2): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0261143008004066
Smyth, Brendan. 2012. Interview with author, 9 February.
TMP (Te M?ngai P?ho). 1994. Report on 1994 Consultations: Context and Policy for Funding M?ori Broadcasting. Wellington: Te M?ngai P?ho.
Walker, Ranginui. 2004. Ka whawhai tonu m?tou: Struggle without End. Auckland: Penguin.
Wh?nga, Piripi. 1997. Ma te paohotanga, ka ora ai te reo: By Broadcasting, the Language will be Heard. A report commissioned by the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust Board. Wellington: The Board.
Wilson, Pamela, and Michelle Stewart. 2008. ‘Indigeneity and Indigenous Media on the Global Stage’. In Global Indigenous Media: Cultures, Poetics and Politics, ed. Pamela Wilson and Michelle Stewart, 1–36. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9780822388692-001
Published
2015-03-09
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Cattermole, J. (2015). Cultural protectionism in a deregulated and diversifying broadcasting environment: Getting more M?ori music on air. Perfect Beat, 15(1), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.1558/prbt.v15i1.17807
