Crab Supernova Rock Art

A Comprehensive, Critical, and Definitive Review

Authors

  • E. C. Krupp Griffith Observatory

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.v1i2.28255

Keywords:

American Southwest, Chaco Canyon, Crab nebula, pictograph, rock art, star/ crescent, supernova

Abstract

“Star” and crescent combinations in rock art in the American Southwest were first interpreted in 1955 as eyewitness depictions of the 1054 AD supernova explosion that produced the Crab nebula. While the Crab nebula is visible only telescopically, the event that generated it was brilliant, and for a time, only the sun and moon were brighter. Additional Crab supernova candidates in California and Southwest rock art were suggested 20 years later, and they included Chaco Canyon’s Penasco Blanco pictograph panel, which became the poster child for Crab supernova rock art and is now called “Supernova” on signage at the site. By 1979, a list of 21 Crab supernova rock art sites was assembled, and the inventory has continued to expand more slowly since then. This critical review of the supernova interpretation of star/crescent rock art, the product of 35 years of fieldwork, required an independent re-examination of all of the primary sites in person. That enterprise has already demonstrated that the Tenabo, New Mexico panel does not illustrate the Crab supernova and that the two Arizona sites on which the entire supernova rock art premise is based (White Mesa and “Navaho Canyon”) are unlikely records of the event. This detailed evaluation of the primary proposed star/crescent images indicates none is a satisfactory portrayal of the striking 1054 AD supernova.

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Author Biography

  • E. C. Krupp, Griffith Observatory

    E C Krupp is an astronomer and has been Director of Griffith Observatory, in Los Angeles, since 1974. He led the recent $93-million Observatory renovation and expansion. He is the prizewinning author of five books, including Echoes of the Ancient Skies: The Astronomy of Lost Civilizations (Dover Publications, 2003) and Skywatchers, Shaman & Kings: Astronomy and the Archaeology of Power (Wiley, 1999) dozens of research papers, and hundreds of articles on cultural dimensions of astronomy. He has visited nearly 2000 ancient and prehistoric sites around the world.

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Published

2015-12-03

Issue

Section

Research Articles

How to Cite

Krupp, E. C. (2015). Crab Supernova Rock Art: A Comprehensive, Critical, and Definitive Review. Journal of Skyscape Archaeology, 1(2), 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.v1i2.28255