Archaeological Encounters
The Role of the Speculative in Decolonial Archaeology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.33866Keywords:
critical theory, decolonizing archaeology, epistemic critique, futurity, race, soil studies, South Asia, speculativeAbstract
This article reorients archaeology’s approach to things by acknowledging the moment of the encounter with the past as one of speculation. Years of scientific claim, research design and methodology place the agentive nature of research in the hands of the archaeologist: we go to the site to find the past. However, if we acquiesce to the possibility that antiquity approaches the archaeologist (rather than vice versa), then that forces us to contend with the contemporary nature of the encounter. This article considers the efficacy, urgency, and poetics of decolonization.References
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____. 2004. “From Veneration to Exploitation: Human Engagement with the Mineral World.” In Soils, Stones and Symbols: Cultural perceptions of the mineral world, edited by N. Boivin and M. A. Owoc, 1–29. London: UCL Press.
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Courty, M. A. 1992. “Soil Micromorphology in Archaeology.” Proceedings of the British Academy 77: 39–59.
Clift, R. and F. Helani. 2010. “Inshallah: Religious Invocations in Arabic Topic Transition.” Language in Society 39 (3): 357–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404510000199
Dawdy, S. 2009. “Millennial Archaeology: Locating the Discipline in the Age of Insecurity.” Archaeological Dialogues 16 (2): 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1380203809990055
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Garcia, A. 1989. “The Development of Chicana Feminist Discourse: 1970-1980.” Gender & Society 3 (2): 217–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124389003002004
Gaylard, G. 2008. “Postcolonialism and the Transhistorical in Dune.” Foundation 37 (104): 88–101.
Graves-Brown, P. 2015. “The Future is Already Over.” Paper presented at the North American Theoretical Archaeology Group 2015 Conference, 22–24 May.
Haber, A. 2012. “Un-Disciplining Archaeology.” Archaeologies 8 (1): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-011-9178-4
____. 2015. “Archaeology after Archaeology.” In After Ethics, Ethical Archaeologies: The Politics of Social Justice, edited by A. Haber and N. Shepherd, 127–137. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1689-4_8
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____. and M. Kenney. 2015. “Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Chthulhocene: Donna Haraway in conversation with Martha Kenney.” In Art in the Anthropocene Encounters Among Aesthetics, Politics, Environments and Epistemologies, edited by H. Davis and E. Turpin, 255–270. Ann Arbor, MI: Open Humanities Press. Online: http://openhumanitiespress.org/books/download/Davis-Turpin_2015_Art-in-the-Anthropocene.pdf
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Holtorf, C., ed. 2015 “Are We All Archaeologists Now?” [Discussion forum] Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 2 (2): 217–259 and S1–S30.
Hussain, R. S. 2005 [1905]. Sultana’s Dream. In Sultana’s Dream and Padmarag: Two Feminist Utopias. Translated by B. Bagchi. Delhi: Penguin Books.
Imarisha, W. and A. M. Brown, 2015. Octavia’s Brood: Science Fiction Stories from Social Justice Movements. Chico, CA: AK Press.
Lacan, J. 1981. The Language of the Self: The Function of Language in Psychoanalysis. Translated by A. Wilden. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
Lawrence, B and E. Dua. 2005. “Decolonizing Antiracism. Special Issue: Race, Racism, and Empire: Reflections on Canada.” Social Justice 32 (4) (102): 120–143.
Lydon, J. and U. Z. Rizvi, eds. 2010. World Archaeological Congress Research Handbook on Postcolonial Archaeology. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
Mauss, M. 1973. “Techniques of the Body.” Economy and Society 2 (1): 70–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147300000003
Medina, J. 2013. Epistemologies of Resistance: Gender and Racial Oppression, Epistemic Injustice and Resistant Imaginations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199929023.001.0001
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Moten, F. 2003. In the Break: The Aesthetics of the Black Radical Tradition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
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Quinn, C. 2013. “The Days of Future Past: Afrofuturism and Black Memory.” Hyperallergic, 27 November. Online: https://hyperallergic.com/95760/the-days-of-future-past-afrofuturism-and-black-memory/
Rieder, J. 2008. Colonialism and the Emergence of Science Fiction. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
Rizvi, U. Z. 2006. “Accounting for Multiple Desires: Decolonizing Methodologies, Archaeology and the Public Interest.” India Review 5 (3–4): 394–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/14736480600939223
____. 2008a. Archaeological Futures and the Postcolonial Critique. In Archaeology and the Postcolonial Critique, edited by M. Liebmann and U. Rizvi,107-127. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
____. 2008b. “Decolonizing Methodologies as Strategies of Practice: Operationalizing the Postcolonial Critique in the Archaeology of Rajasthan. In Archaeology and the Postcolonial Critique, edited by M. Liebmann and U. Rizvi,107-127. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
____. 2012. “Ingesting the Material from Ganeshwar to Karbala: Reconstituting the Analytic and Recognizing Centrifugality in Archaeological Theory.” Archaeologies 8 (1): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-012-9193-0
____. 2015. “Decolonizing Archaeology: On the Global Heritage of Epistemic Laziness.” In Two Days After Forever: A Reader on the Choreography of Time, edited by O. Kholef, 154–163. Berlin: Sternberg Press.
____. 2016. “Decolonization as Care.” In Slow Reader: A Resource for Design Thinking and Practice, edited by C. F. Strauss and A. P. Pais, 85–95. Amsterdam: Valiz.
Ruck, L. and C. Brown. 2015. “Quantitative Analysis of Munsell Color Data from Archaeological Ceramics.” Journal of Archaeological Science 3: 549–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.08.014
Slackman, M. 2008. “Egyptians Develop a Verbal Tic, ‘Inshallah’.” New York Times, 19 June. Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/19/world/africa/19iht-journal.4.13835764.html
Taçon, P. 2004. “Ochre, Clay, Stone and Art: The Symbolic Importance of Minerals as Life-Force among Aboriginal Peoples of Northern and Central Australia.” In Soils, Stones and Symbols: Cultural Perceptions of the Mineral World, edited by N. Boivin and M. A. Owoc, 31–42. London: UCL Press.
Tapsell, P. 2011. “‘Aroha Mai: Whose Museum?’ The Rise of Indigenous Ethics within Museum Contexts: A Maori-Tribal Perspective.” In The Routledge Companion to Museum Ethics: Redefining Ethics for the Twenty-First Century Museum, edited by J. C. Marstine, 85–111. London: Routledge.
____. 2014. “Tribal Marae: Crisis? What Crisis?” In Maranga Mai! Te Reo and Marae in Crisis?, edited by M. Kawharu, 35–64. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
Thomas, J. 2004. Archaeology and Modernity. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203491119
Todd, Z. 2016. “Relationships.” Cultural Anthropology website, 21 January. Online: https://culanth.org/fieldsights/799-relationships
Tuck, E. and K. W. Yang, 2012. “Decolonization is not a Metaphor.” Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society 1 (1): 1–40.
Van Dyke, R., 2015. “Materiality in Practice. An Introduction.” In Practicing Materiality, edited by R. Van Dyke, 3–32. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Witmore, C., 2007. “Symmetrical Archaeology: Excerpts of a Manifesto.” World Archaeology 39 (4): 546–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240701679411
Willey, G. and J. Sabloff. 1993. A History of American Archaeology. W. H. Freeman.
Zambelli, A. 2015. “Everything is Everything.” [Part of discussion forum “Are We All Archaeologists Now?”, edited by C. Holtorf] Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 2 (2): 248–252. https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.v2i2.28452
Baraka, A. 1995. “Jazzmen: Diz and Sun Ra.” African American Review 29 (2): 249–255. https://doi.org/10.2307/3042302
Berlatsky, N. 2014. “Why Sci-Fi Keeps Imagining the Subjugation of White People.” The Atlantic, 25 April. Online: https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/04/why-sci-fi-keeps-imagining-the-enslavement-of-white-people/361173/
Bernstein, R. 2009. “Dances with Things: Material Culture and the Performance of Race.” Social Text 27 (4): 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-2009-055
Bhattacharya D., R. Chakravarty and R. Deb Roy. 1989. “A Survey of Bengali Writings on Science and Technology, 1800-1950.” Indian Journal of Historical Science 24 (1): 8–66.
Boivin, N. 2000. “Life Rhythms and Floor Sequences: Excavating Time in rural Rajasthan and Neolithic Catalhoyuk.” World Archaeology 31 (3): 367–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240009696927
____. 2004. “From Veneration to Exploitation: Human Engagement with the Mineral World.” In Soils, Stones and Symbols: Cultural perceptions of the mineral world, edited by N. Boivin and M. A. Owoc, 1–29. London: UCL Press.
Bolles, L. 2013. “Telling the Story Straight: Black Feminist Intellectual Thought in Anthropology.” Transforming Anthropology 21 (1): 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/traa.12000
Campt, T. M. 2017. Listening to Images: An Exercise in Counterintuition. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822373582
Carrington, A. 2016. Speculative Blackness: The Future of Race in Science Fiction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816678952.001.0001
Courty, M. A. 1992. “Soil Micromorphology in Archaeology.” Proceedings of the British Academy 77: 39–59.
Clift, R. and F. Helani. 2010. “Inshallah: Religious Invocations in Arabic Topic Transition.” Language in Society 39 (3): 357–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404510000199
Dawdy, S. 2009. “Millennial Archaeology: Locating the Discipline in the Age of Insecurity.” Archaeological Dialogues 16 (2): 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1380203809990055
Dery, M. 1994. “Black to the Future: Interviews with Samuel R. Delany, Greg Tate and Tricia Rose.” In Flame Wars: The Discourses of Cyberculture, edited by M. Dery, 179–222. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Dowd, M. 2017. “Elon Musk’s Billion Dollar Crusade to Stop A.I. Apocalypse.” Vanity Fair, April. Online: http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/03/elon-musk-billion-dollar-crusade-to-stop-ai-space-x
Eshun, K. 2003. “Further Considerations on Afrofuturism.” CR: The New Centennial Review 3 (2): 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1353/ncr.2003.0021
Fanon, F. 1963. Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
Fowles, S. 2016. “The Perfect Subject (Postcolonial Object Studies).” Journal of Material Culture Studies 21 (1): 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183515623818
Franke, A. 2012. “Introduction – Animism.” e-flux 36. Online: http://www.e-flux.com/journal/introduction%E2%80%94%E2%80%9Canimism%E2%80%9D/
Franklin, M. 1997. “‘Power to the People’: Sociopolitics and the Archaeology of Black Americans.” Historical Archaeology 31 (3): 36–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03374229
Garcia, A. 1989. “The Development of Chicana Feminist Discourse: 1970-1980.” Gender & Society 3 (2): 217–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124389003002004
Gaylard, G. 2008. “Postcolonialism and the Transhistorical in Dune.” Foundation 37 (104): 88–101.
Graves-Brown, P. 2015. “The Future is Already Over.” Paper presented at the North American Theoretical Archaeology Group 2015 Conference, 22–24 May.
Haber, A. 2012. “Un-Disciplining Archaeology.” Archaeologies 8 (1): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-011-9178-4
____. 2015. “Archaeology after Archaeology.” In After Ethics, Ethical Archaeologies: The Politics of Social Justice, edited by A. Haber and N. Shepherd, 127–137. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1689-4_8
Haraway, D. 2015: “Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Making Kin.” Environmental Humanities 6: 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1215/22011919-3615934
____. and M. Kenney. 2015. “Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Chthulhocene: Donna Haraway in conversation with Martha Kenney.” In Art in the Anthropocene Encounters Among Aesthetics, Politics, Environments and Epistemologies, edited by H. Davis and E. Turpin, 255–270. Ann Arbor, MI: Open Humanities Press. Online: http://openhumanitiespress.org/books/download/Davis-Turpin_2015_Art-in-the-Anthropocene.pdf
Harrison, F. 1991. “Anthropology as an Agent of Transformation: Introductory Comments and Queries.” In Decolonizing Anthropology: Moving Further Toward an Anthropology of Liberation, edited by F. Harrison, 1 –14. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
Harrison, R. and D. Rose. 2010. “Intangible Heritage.” In Understanding Heritage and Memory, edited by T. Benton, 238–276. Manchester and Milton Keynes: Manchester University Press in association with the Open University.
Hamilakis, Y. 2013. Archaeology and the Senses: Human Experience, Memory, and Affect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139024655
Holtorf, C., ed. 2015 “Are We All Archaeologists Now?” [Discussion forum] Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 2 (2): 217–259 and S1–S30.
Hussain, R. S. 2005 [1905]. Sultana’s Dream. In Sultana’s Dream and Padmarag: Two Feminist Utopias. Translated by B. Bagchi. Delhi: Penguin Books.
Imarisha, W. and A. M. Brown, 2015. Octavia’s Brood: Science Fiction Stories from Social Justice Movements. Chico, CA: AK Press.
Lacan, J. 1981. The Language of the Self: The Function of Language in Psychoanalysis. Translated by A. Wilden. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
Lawrence, B and E. Dua. 2005. “Decolonizing Antiracism. Special Issue: Race, Racism, and Empire: Reflections on Canada.” Social Justice 32 (4) (102): 120–143.
Lydon, J. and U. Z. Rizvi, eds. 2010. World Archaeological Congress Research Handbook on Postcolonial Archaeology. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
Mauss, M. 1973. “Techniques of the Body.” Economy and Society 2 (1): 70–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147300000003
Medina, J. 2013. Epistemologies of Resistance: Gender and Racial Oppression, Epistemic Injustice and Resistant Imaginations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199929023.001.0001
Merata K., P. Tapsell and C. Woods. 2017. “Indigenous Entrepreneurship in Aotearoa New Zealand: The Takarangi Framework of Resilience and Innovation.” Journal of Enterprising Communities 11 (1): 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-01-2015-0010
Mignolo, W. 2012. “Decolonizing Western Epistemology / Building Decolonial Epistemologies.” In Decolonizing Epistemologies: Latina/o Theology and Philosophy, edited by A. María Isasi-Díaz and E. Mendieta, 19–43. New York: Fordham University Press.
m1k3y. 2015. “Nightmares of the Future: The Plutocratic Exit Strategy Part I.” The Daily Grail, 28 September. Online: http://www.dailygrail.com/Essays/2015/9/Nightmares-the-Future-THE-PLUTOCRATIC-EXIT-STRATEGY-PART-1
Moten, F. 2003. In the Break: The Aesthetics of the Black Radical Tradition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Olsen, B. 2010. In Defense of Things: Archaeology and the Ontology of Objects. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
Quinn, C. 2013. “The Days of Future Past: Afrofuturism and Black Memory.” Hyperallergic, 27 November. Online: https://hyperallergic.com/95760/the-days-of-future-past-afrofuturism-and-black-memory/
Rieder, J. 2008. Colonialism and the Emergence of Science Fiction. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
Rizvi, U. Z. 2006. “Accounting for Multiple Desires: Decolonizing Methodologies, Archaeology and the Public Interest.” India Review 5 (3–4): 394–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/14736480600939223
____. 2008a. Archaeological Futures and the Postcolonial Critique. In Archaeology and the Postcolonial Critique, edited by M. Liebmann and U. Rizvi,107-127. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
____. 2008b. “Decolonizing Methodologies as Strategies of Practice: Operationalizing the Postcolonial Critique in the Archaeology of Rajasthan. In Archaeology and the Postcolonial Critique, edited by M. Liebmann and U. Rizvi,107-127. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
____. 2012. “Ingesting the Material from Ganeshwar to Karbala: Reconstituting the Analytic and Recognizing Centrifugality in Archaeological Theory.” Archaeologies 8 (1): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-012-9193-0
____. 2015. “Decolonizing Archaeology: On the Global Heritage of Epistemic Laziness.” In Two Days After Forever: A Reader on the Choreography of Time, edited by O. Kholef, 154–163. Berlin: Sternberg Press.
____. 2016. “Decolonization as Care.” In Slow Reader: A Resource for Design Thinking and Practice, edited by C. F. Strauss and A. P. Pais, 85–95. Amsterdam: Valiz.
Ruck, L. and C. Brown. 2015. “Quantitative Analysis of Munsell Color Data from Archaeological Ceramics.” Journal of Archaeological Science 3: 549–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.08.014
Slackman, M. 2008. “Egyptians Develop a Verbal Tic, ‘Inshallah’.” New York Times, 19 June. Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/19/world/africa/19iht-journal.4.13835764.html
Taçon, P. 2004. “Ochre, Clay, Stone and Art: The Symbolic Importance of Minerals as Life-Force among Aboriginal Peoples of Northern and Central Australia.” In Soils, Stones and Symbols: Cultural Perceptions of the Mineral World, edited by N. Boivin and M. A. Owoc, 31–42. London: UCL Press.
Tapsell, P. 2011. “‘Aroha Mai: Whose Museum?’ The Rise of Indigenous Ethics within Museum Contexts: A Maori-Tribal Perspective.” In The Routledge Companion to Museum Ethics: Redefining Ethics for the Twenty-First Century Museum, edited by J. C. Marstine, 85–111. London: Routledge.
____. 2014. “Tribal Marae: Crisis? What Crisis?” In Maranga Mai! Te Reo and Marae in Crisis?, edited by M. Kawharu, 35–64. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
Thomas, J. 2004. Archaeology and Modernity. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203491119
Todd, Z. 2016. “Relationships.” Cultural Anthropology website, 21 January. Online: https://culanth.org/fieldsights/799-relationships
Tuck, E. and K. W. Yang, 2012. “Decolonization is not a Metaphor.” Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society 1 (1): 1–40.
Van Dyke, R., 2015. “Materiality in Practice. An Introduction.” In Practicing Materiality, edited by R. Van Dyke, 3–32. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Witmore, C., 2007. “Symmetrical Archaeology: Excerpts of a Manifesto.” World Archaeology 39 (4): 546–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240701679411
Willey, G. and J. Sabloff. 1993. A History of American Archaeology. W. H. Freeman.
Zambelli, A. 2015. “Everything is Everything.” [Part of discussion forum “Are We All Archaeologists Now?”, edited by C. Holtorf] Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 2 (2): 248–252. https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.v2i2.28452
Published
2019-06-26
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Rizvi, U. (2019). Archaeological Encounters: The Role of the Speculative in Decolonial Archaeology. Journal of Contemporary Archaeology, 6(1), 154-167. https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.33866
