Positioning oneself in relation to sources and context – Enactments of independence in undergraduate supervision

Authors

  • Jenny Magnusson Södertörn University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.19879

Keywords:

appraisal, independence, interaction, supervision, teacher education, undergraduate degree projects

Abstract

Independence is becoming an increasingly important factor in Swedish higher education, especially in relation to undergraduate degree projects. Despite this, there is no shared understanding of what independence is or whether it is to be found in the finished text or in the supervision interaction. In this article I look at one specific definition of independence: the ability to position oneself and one’s work in relation to sources. Three supervision meetings are analysed, selected from a larger body of recorded material from teacher education courses in Sweden. I explore how independence can be enacted in the supervision of undergraduate degree projects, drawing on the analytical framework of appraisal. The theoretical framework is derived from the socio-cultural and dialogical perspective, which proposes that learning and understanding develop in context through interaction and dialogue. Independence, from this perspective, is something that can be explored in enactments in interactions of different kinds. The findings show that the students use different resources in order to relate to sources on different levels, and these levels could be related to independence in different ways.

Author Biography

  • Jenny Magnusson, Södertörn University

    Jenny Magnusson received her PhD in linguistics from the University of Linköping in Sweden and is currently an associate professor at Södertörn University in Stockholm, Sweden. Her research interests include academic writing and other aspects related to higher education in general and teacher education in particular. She is currently conducting research on supervision of undergraduate degree projects. Address for correspondence: School of Culture and Education, Södertörn University, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden.

References

Artelt, Cordula, Jurgen Baumert, Nele Julius-McElvaney and Jules Peschar (2003) Learners for Life. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Björkman, Beyza (2015) PhD supervisor-PhD student interactions in an English-medium Higher Education (HE) setting: Expressing disagreement. European Journal of Applied Linguistics 3 (2): 205–229. https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2015-0011

Blåsjö, Mona (2004) Studenters skrivande i två kunskapsbyggande miljöer. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.

Brodersen, Randi (2009) Akademisk vejledning og skrivning: for vejledere og studerende mere kollektiv og dialogisk vejlednind giver mere læring og flere gode opgaver. Milli mála 1. Reykjavik: Háskólanám.

Cadman, Kate (1997) Thesis writing for international students: A question of identity? English for Specific Purposes 16 (1): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-4906(96)00029-4

Conrad, Susan and Lynn Goldstein (1999) ESL student revision after teacher-written comments: Texts, contexts and individuals. Journal of Second Language Writing 8: 147–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1060-3743(99)80126-X

Delamont, Sara, Paul Atkinson and Odette Parry (1997) Supervising the PhD: A Guide to Success. Buckingham, UK: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.

Dysthe, Olga (1999) Supervision on the basis of text: Balancing freedom and direction through respect for the student. Paper presented at the 27th Annual Congress of the Nordic Society for Educational Research (NFPF), Copenhagen, Denmark.

Dysthe, Olga and Kariane Westrheim (2003) The power of the group in graduate student supervision. Paper presented at the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI) 10th Biennial Conference, Padua, Italy.

Eriksson, Anita and Susanne Gustavsson (2016) Krav, uppmaningar och frågor – en autoetnografisk reflektion över handledning av självständiga arbeten. Utbildning and lärande 10 (1): 70–87.

Hammick, Marilyn and Sandra Acker (1998) Undergraduate research supervision: A gender analysis. Studies in Higher Education 23 (3): 335–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079812331380296

Handal, Gunnar (2007) Handledaren – guru eller kritisk vän? In Tomas Kroksmark and Karin Åberg (eds) Handledning i pedagogiskt arbete. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.

Handal, Gunnar and Per Lauvås (2008) Forskarhandledaren. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.

Harwood, Nigel (2005) ‘Nowhere has anyone attempted… In this article I aim to do just that’: A corpus-based study of self-promotional I and we in academic writing across four disciplines. Journal of Pragmatics 37 (8): 1207–1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.01.012

Hyland, Ken (1998) Boosting, hedging and the negotiation of academic knowledge. Text & Talk 18 (3): 349–382. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.1998.18.3.349

Hyland, Ken (2002a) Authority and invisibility: Authorial identity in academic writing. Journal of pragmatics 34 (8): 1091–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00035-8

Hyland, Ken (2002b) What do they mean? Questions in academic writing. Text 22 (4): 529–557. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.2002.021

Hyland, Ken and Polly Tse (2004) Metadiscourse in academic writing: A reappraisal. Applied linguistics 25 (2): 156–177.

Högberg, Margareta (ed.) (1999) Mästarprov eller mardröm? Studenters uppfattning om examination av självständigt arbete. Stockholm: Högskoleverket.

Ivanic, Roz, Romy Clark and Rachel Rimmershaw (2000) ‘What am I supposed to make of this?’ The messages conveyed to students by tutors’ written comments. In Mary Lea and Barry Stierer (eds) Student Writing in Higher Education: New Contexts, 47–65. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.

Jones, Carys, Joan Turner and Brian Street (eds) (1999) Students Writing in the University: Cultural and Epistemological Issues, Volume 8. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/swll.8

Kesten, Cyril (1987) Independent Learning: A Common Essential Learning. A Study Completed for the Saskatchewan Department of Education Core Curriculum Investigation Project. Regina, Canada: Regina University Faculty of Education. Available online: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED292836.pdf

Lea, Mary and Barry Stierer (2000) Student Writing in Higher Education: New Contexts. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.

Lee, Sook Hee (2015) Evaluative stances in persuasive essays by undergraduate students: Focusing on appreciation resources. Text and Talk 35 (1): 49–76. https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2014-0029

Lillis, Theresa and Mary Scott (2007) Defining academic literacies research: Issues of epistemology, ideology and strategy. Journal of Applied Linguistics 4 (1): 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1558/japl.v4i1.5

Lillis, Theresa and Joan Turner (2001) Student writing in higher education: Contemporary confusion, traditional concerns. Teaching in Higher Education 6 (1): 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562510020029608

Magnusson, Jenny (2013) Topikalitet i handledning. In Christina Rosén, Per Simfors and Ann-Kari Sundberg (eds) Språk i undervisning: ASLA:s vårsymposium, 173–182. Linköping, Sweden: Linköpings universitet.

Magnusson, Jenny (2015) Självständighetens praktik – Uppfattning och användning av begreppet självständighet i relation till det självständiga arbetet. In Linda Kahlin, Mats Landqvist and Ingela Tykesson (eds) Språk och identitet: ASLA:s symposium, 91–105. Huddinge, Sweden: Södertörns högskola.

Magnusson, Jenny (2016) Text i samtal: Hur texter används som resurser i handledningssamtal. In Anna W. Gustafsson, Lisa Holm, Katarina Lundin, Henrik Rahm and Mechtild Tronnier (eds) Svenskans beskrivning 34: Förhandlingar vid trettiofjärde sammankomsten för svenskans beskrivning, 343–355. Lund, Sweden: Lunds universitet Lundastudier i nordisk språkvetenskap.

Magnusson, Jenny and Maria Zackariasson (2018) Student independence in undergraduate projects: Different understandings in different academic contexts. Journal of Further and Higher Education 43 (10): 1404–1419. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2018.1490949

Martin, James R. and David Rose (2008) Genre Relations: Mapping Culture. London: Equinox.

Martin, James R. and Peter R. White (2003) The Language of Evaluation. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Masouleh, Nima Shakouri and Razieh Bahraminezhad Jooneghani (2012) Autonomous learning: A teacher-less learning! Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 55: 835–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.570

Melander, Helen and Fritjof Sahlström (2010) Lärande i interaktion. Stockholm: Liber.

Meyer, Bill, Naomi Haywood, Darshan Sachdev and Sally Faraday (2008) What is Independent Learning and What are the Benefits for Students? Research Report 051. London: Department for Children, Schools and Families.

Randahl, Ann-Christin (2014) Strategiska skribenter: skrivprocesser i fysik och svenska. Örebro, Sweden: Örebro universitet.

Servant-Miklos, Virginie and Liesbeth Noordegraaf-Eelens (2019) Toward social-transformative education: An ontological critique of self-directed learning. Critical Studies in Education 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2019.1577284

Swedish Council for Higher Education (2017) Högskoleförordningen. Sweden: Universitets- och högskolerådet Universitets. Available online: https://www.uhr.se/studier-och-antagning/tilltrade-till-hogskolan/Hogskoleforordningen/

Sveen, Hanna and Jenny Magnusson (2013) Handledningens vad, hur och varför – interaktionella mönster med fokus på röst. Högre utbildning 3 (2): 87–102.

van Grinsven, Lia and Harm Tillema (2006) Learning opportunities to support student self-regulation: Comparing different instructional formats. Educational Research 48 (1): 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880500498495

Waring, Hamsun Z. (2005) Peer tutoring in a graduate writing center: Identity, expertise, and advice resisting. Applied linguistics 26 (2): 141–168. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amh041

Vehviläinen, Sanna (2001) Evaluative advice in educational counseling: The use of disagreement in the stepwise entry to advice. Research on Language Social interaction 34 (3): 371–398. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327973RLSI34-3_4

Vehviläinen, Sanna (2009) Problems in the research problem: Critical feedback and resistance in academic supervision. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 53 (2): 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830902757592

Wisker, Gina (2012) The Good Supervisor: Supervising Postgraduate and Undergraduate Research for Doctoral Theses and Dissertations. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Vygotsky, Lev S. (1962) Thought and Language. Trans. Eugenia Hanfmann and Gertrude Vakar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/11193-000

Zackariasson, Maria (2018) ‘I feel really good now!’ – Emotions and independence in undergraduate supervision. Learning and Teaching 11 (3): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2018.110303

Published

2021-04-06

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Magnusson, J. (2021). Positioning oneself in relation to sources and context – Enactments of independence in undergraduate supervision. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice, 14(3), 351–373. https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.19879