Risks and responsibilities in the workplace

Employees discussing evacuation situations

Authors

  • Annelie Ädel Dalarna University
  • Catharina Nyström Höög Dalarna University
  • Jan-Ola Östman Dalarna University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.19499

Keywords:

risk communication, evacuation, responsibility, dominant discourse, positioning, workplace communication

Abstract

This study analyses experiences with and in relation to issues of risk, responsibility and evacuation in workplace settings as discussed in four focus groups in Sweden and Swedish-language Finland. The discussions, and in particular the participants’ positionings in their ‘small stories’, are analysed from two perspectives: that of narratives, and that of interpretive repertoires. The main question under investigation is how employees at different workplaces discursively construe their sense of responsibility in the face of risk and evacuation situations. The findings show that these issues are handled very differently in different workplaces, but at all in accordance with the participants’ implicit responsibility positionings and what we see as the interpretive repertoires (organisational, instinctual, skills-based and informational) they draw on. Whereas previous studies have considered workplaces with high-stakes settings, the present study is set in workplaces where risk is not thematised on a regular basis, making the results applicable not only to workplace scenarios, but to society at large.

Author Biographies

  • Annelie Ädel, Dalarna University

    Annelie Ädel received her PhD in English linguistics from Gothenburg University, Sweden, and is currently Full Professor at Dalarna University, Sweden. Her research interests include discourse analysis, corpus linguistics and English for Specific Purposes. She has been affiliated with the University of Michigan’s English Language Institute as director of Applied Corpus Linguistics and with Stockholm University as a research fellow.

  • Catharina Nyström Höög, Dalarna University

    Catharina Nyström Höög received her PhD in Scandinavian Languages from Uppsala University, Sweden, and is currently Full Professor at the Department for Swedish Language and Multilingualism, Stockholm University. Her research interests include stylistics and text linguistics, plain language, genre and discourse analysis, organisational discourse and sociolinguistics.

  • Jan-Ola Östman, Dalarna University

    Jan-Ola Östman received his PhD in linguistics from University of California at Berkeley and is currently Professor Emeritus at University of Helsinki, Finland. His research interests include pragmatics and discourse, sociology of language, dialectology and construction grammar. He is the co-editor of the ongoing Handbook of Pragmatics (John Benjamins) and he was President of the International Pragmatics Association 2012–2017.

References

Bamberg, Michael (1997) Positioning between structure and performance. Journal of Narrative and Life History 7 (1–4): 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.7.42pos

Bamberg, Michael and Alexandra Georgakopoulou (2008) Small stories as a new per­spective in narrative and identity analysis. Text & Talk 28 (3): 377–396. https://doi.org/10.1515/TEXT.2008.018

Beck, Ulrich (1992) From industrial society to the risk society: Questions of survival, social structure and ecological enlightenment. Theory, Culture & Society 9 (1): 97–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327692009001006

Boholm, Max (2018) Risk association: Towards a linguistically informed framework for analysing risk in discourse. Journal of Risk Research 21 (4): 480–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2016.1223158

Candlin, Christopher N., Jonathan Crichton and Arthur S. Firkins (2016) Crucial sites and research orientations: Exploring the communication of risk. In Jonathan Crichton, Christopher N. Candlin and Arthur S. Firkins (eds) Communicating Risk, 1–14. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137478788_1

Crichton, Jonathan, Christopher N. Candlin and Arthur S. Firkins (eds) (2016) Com­municating Risk. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137478788

De Fina, Anna (2013) Positioning level 3. Connecting local identity displays to macro social processes. Narrative Inquiry 23 (1): 40–61. https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.23.1.03de

Ekberg, Lena and Jan-Ola Östman (2020) Identity construction and dialect acquisition among immigrants in rural areas – The case of Swedish-language Finland. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. Online first. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1722681

Fillmore, Charles J. and Beryl T. Atkins (1992) Toward a frame-based lexicon: The semantics of RISK and its neighbors. In Adrienne Lehrer, Eva Feder Kittay and Richard Lehrer (eds) Frames, Fields and Contrasts: New Essays in Semantic and Lexical Organization, 75–102. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Giddens, Anthony (1998) Risk society: The context of British politics. In Jane Franklin (ed.) Politics of Risk Society, 23–24. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Gilbert, G. Nigel and Michael Mulkay (1984) Opening Pandora’s Box: A Sociological Analysis of Scientists’ Discourse. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Jore, Sissel H. (2019) The conceptual and scientific demarcation of security in contrast to safety. European Journal for Security Research 4: 157–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41125-017-0021-9

Jore, Sissel H. and Ove Njå (2010) Risk of terrorism: A scientifically valid phenomenon or a wild guess? The impact of different approaches to risk assessment. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis across Disciplines 4 (2): 197–216.

Litosseliti, Lia (2003) Using Focus Groups in Research. London: Continuum.

Lorenzo-Dus, Nuria, Luke Walker and Anina Kinzel (2017) The role of discourse analysis in terrorism studies. In Maura Conway, Lee Jarvis, Orla Lehane, Stuart Macdonald and Lella Nouri (eds) Terrorists’ Use of the Internet: Assessment and Response, 158–169. The Hague: iOS Press.

Milne, Catherine (2009) Interpretive repertoires as mirrors on society and as tools for action: Reflections on Zeyer and Roth’s ‘A mirror of society’. Cultural Studies of Science Education 4 (4): 1013–1022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-009-9237-y

Östman, Jan-Ola and Anna Solin (eds) Discourse and Responsibility in Professional Settings. Sheffield: Equinox.

Popper, Karl (1987) Toleration and intellectual responsibility. In Susan Mendus and David Edwards (eds) On Toleration, 17–34. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Potter, Jonathan and Margaret Wetherell (1987) Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour. London: SAGE Publications.

Rasmussen, Joel (2013) Governing the workplace or the worker? Evolving dilemmas in chemical professionals’ discourse on occupational health and safety. Discourse & Communication 7 (1): 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481312466473

Sarangi, Srikant (2016) Owning responsible actions/selves: Role-relational trajectories in counselling for childhood genetic testing. In Jan-Ola Östman and Anna Solin (eds), Discourse and Responsibility in Professional Settings, 37–63. Sheffield: Equinox. https://doi.org/10.1558/japl.v9i3.25743

Sarangi, Srikant and Christopher N. Candlin (2003) Categorization and explanation of risk: A discourse analytical perspective. Health, Risk & Society 5 (2): 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369857031000123902

Scott, Clifton Wilson and Angela Trethewey (2008) Organizational discourse and the appraisal of occupational hazards: Interpretive repertoires, heedful interrelating, and identity at work. Journal of Applied Communication Research 36 (3): 298–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880802172137

Solin, Anna and Jan-Ola Östman (2016) The notion of responsibility in discourse studies. In Jan-Ola Östman and Anna Solin (eds), Discourse and Responsibility in Professional Settings, 3–18. Sheffield: Equinox. https://doi.org/10.1558/equinox.26836

Wiik, Barbro and Jan-Ola Östman (1983) Skriftspråk och identitet. [‘Written language and identity’]. In Erik Andersson et al. (eds) Struktur och Variation, 181–216. Turku: Åbo Akademi University Press.

World Health Organization (2020) Emergencies: Risk communication. Online: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/emergencies-risk-communication

Zinn, Jens and Anna Olofsson (2019) Introduction. In Jens Zinn and Anna Olofsson (eds) Researching Risk and Uncertainty: Methodologies, Methods and Research Strategies, 1–28. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95852-1_1

Published

2022-08-19

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Ädel, A., Nyström Höög, C., & Östman, J.-O. (2022). Risks and responsibilities in the workplace: Employees discussing evacuation situations. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice, 16(3), 265-288. https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.19499