Male product endorsers and the embodiment of modern Thai masculinities in skincare advertisements

Authors

  • Pavadee Saisuwan Chulalongkorn University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.24244

Keywords:

masculinity, male endorsement, skincare product, advertising, linguistic landscape, social semiotics, Asia

Abstract

As male endorsement in advertising continues to expand, and alternative forms of masculinity emerge in Asia and elsewhere, this article asks how skincare advertisements in Bangkok participate in these worldwide trends and how different forms of masculinity are represented and embodied in such advertising. The article analyses skincare advertising signs – banal sexed signs that form a significant part of Bangkok’s linguistic landscape – through the lens of social semiotics. The analysis reveals the use of both a more stereotypical form of masculinity associated with male heterosexuality and the ‘new man’, a masculinity associated with a ‘softer’ personality and Asian beauty trends. Important components contributing to the latter image include depictions of ‘feminine touch’ and multilingual texts. The findings illustrate how the new man serves as an important marketing tool, promoting not only a particular masculinity but also a modern, middle-class lifestyle.

Author Biography

  • Pavadee Saisuwan, Chulalongkorn University

    Pavadee Saisuwan is Assistant Professor in the Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. She is affiliated with the Center of Excellence in Southeast Asian Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University. Her research focuses on sociolinguistics, language variation, linguistic landscape and the intersections of language, gender and sexuality. Her work has included research on the language of Thai men who identify with non-normative male roles and the presence of Thai LGBTQIA+ people in the linguistic landscape.

References

Agha, Asif (2011) Meet mediatization. Language & Communication 31(3): 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2011.03.006

Alexander, Susan M. (2003) Stylish hard bodies: branded masculinity in Men’s Health magazine. Sociological Perspectives 46(4): 535–554. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2003.46.4.535

Chaloemtiarana, Thak (2007) Thailand: The Politics of Despotic Paternalism. Ithaca, NY: Southeast Asia Program.

Chaloemtiarana, Thak (2009) Khru Liam’s Khwam Mai Phayabat (1915) and the problematics of Thai modernity. South East Asia Research 17(3): 457–488. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000009789838477

Cheong, Huey Fen and Kaur, Surinderpal (2015) Legitimising male grooming through packaging discourse: a linguistic analysis. Social Semiotics 25(3): 364–385. http://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2015.1026650

Connell, Raewyn (1995) Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Connell, Raewyn (1998) Masculinities and globalization. Men and Masculinities 1(1): 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X98001001001

Connell, Raewyn and Messerschmidt, James W. (2005) Hegemonic masculinity: rethinking the concept. Gender & Society 19(6): 829–859. http://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639

Del Saz-Rubio, Ma Milagros (2019) The pragmatic-semiotic construction of male identities in contemporary advertising of male grooming products. Discourse & Communication 13(2): 192–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481318817621

DKSH (2023) Five reasons why male grooming is booming in Asia. DKSH. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.dksh.com/global-en/insights/five-reasons-why-male-grooming-is-booming-in-asia

Feasey, Rebecca (2009) Spray more, get more: masculinity, television advertising and the Lynx effect. Journal of Gender Studies 18(4): 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589230903260027

Gee, Sarah (2014) Bending the codes of masculinity: David Beckham and flexible masculinity in the new millennium. Sport in Society 17(7): 917–936. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.806034

Goffman, Erving (1979) Gender Advertisements. New York: Harper and Row.

Halliday, Michael A.K. (1978) Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning. London: Edward Arnold.

Harrison, Claire (2008) Real men do wear mascara: advertising discourse and masculine identity. Critical Discourse Studies 5(1): 55–74. http://doi.org/10.1080/17405900701768638

Hiramoto, Mie (2019) Colloquial Singapore English in advertisements. World Englishes 38(3): 450–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12422

Hodgson, Dorothy L. (2001) Of modernity/modernities, gender, and ethnography. In Dorothy L. Hodgson (ed) Gendered Modernities: Ethnographic Perspectives 1–23. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Iida, Yumiko (2005) Beyond the ‘feminization of masculinity’: transforming patriarchy with the ‘feminine’ in contemporary Japanese youth culture. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 6(1): 56–74. http://doi.org/10.1080/1462394042000326905

International Trade Administration, US Department of Commerce (9 August 2019) Thailand – personal care and beauty products. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.export.gov/apex/article2?id=Thailand-personal-care-and-beauty-products

Islentyeva, Anna, Zimmermann, Elisabeth, Schützinger, Nadia and Platzer, Andrea (2023) ‘Real men score’: masculinity in contemporary advertising discourse. Critical Discourse Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2023.2173625

Jackson, Peter A. (2003) Performative genders, perverse desires: a bio-history of Thailand’s same-sex and transgender cultures. Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context 9. http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue9/jackson.html

Jung, Sun (2009) The shared imagination of Bishonen, Pan-East Asian soft masculinity: reading DBSK, Youtube.com and transcultural new media consumption. Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific 20. http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue20/jung.htm

Jung, Sun (2010) Chogukjeok Pan-East Asian soft masculinity: reading ‘Boys Over Flowers’, ‘Coffee Prince’ and ‘Shinhwa’ fan fiction. In Daniel Black, Stephen Epstein and Alison Tokita (eds) Complicated Currents: Media Flows, Soft Power and East Asia. Melbourne: Monash University ePress.

Kaewjungate, Wuttinun (2010) [The Ideology of Masculinity in Men’s Advertising Discourse in Men’s Magazines]. Masters thesis, Chulalongkorn University.

Kasikorn Research Center (n.d.) [Men’s grooming is hot, boosting beauty market]. K SME Analysis. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.kasikornbank.com/th/business/sme/KSMEKnowledge/article/KSMEAnalysis/Documents/TrendMan.pdf

Kelly-Holmes, Helen (2014) Linguistic fetish: the sociolinguistics of visual multilingualism. In David Machin (ed) Visual Communication 135–152. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.

Kitiarsa, Pattana (2005) ‘Lives of hunting dogs’: Muai Thai and the politics of Thai masculinities. South East Asia Research 13(1): 57–90. http://doi.org/10.5367/0000000053693572

Kitiarsa, Pattana (2007) Muai Thai cinema and the burdens of Thai men. South East Asia Research 15(3): 407–424. http://doi.org/10.5367/000000007782717722

Kitiarsa, Pattana (2 October 2013) Of men and monks: the boxing–Buddhism nexus and the production of national manhood in contemporary Thailand. New Mandala. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.newmandala.org/pattana-kitiarsa-on-thai-boxing

Kress, Gunther and van Leeuwen, Theo (1996) Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge.

Ledin, Per and Machin, David (2018) Doing Visual Analysis. London: Sage.

Lemish, Dafna and Lahav, Irit (2004) Much ado about nothing? Masculinities in Israeli advertising. Feminist Media Studies 4(2): 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468077042000251229

Li, Eric P. H., Min, Hyun Jeong, Belk, Russell W., Kimura, Junko and Bahl, Shalini (2008) Skin lightening and beauty in four Asian cultures. In Angela Y. Lee and Dilip Soman (eds) Advances in Consumer Research Vol. 35, 444–449. Duluth: Association for Consumer Research.

Li, Xiaomeng (2020) How powerful is the female gaze? The implication of using male celebrities for promoting female cosmetics in China. Global Media and China 5(1): 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059436419899166

Maliangkay, Roald (2013) Catering to the female gaze: the semiotics of masculinity in Korean advertising. Situations: Cultural Studies in the Asian Context 7(1): 43–61. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/37309

McNeill, Lisa S. and Douglas, Katie (2011) Retailing masculinity: gender expectations and social image of male grooming products in New Zealand. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 18(5): 448–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.06.009

Mignolo, Walter D. (2007) Delinking. Cultural Studies 21(2–3): 449–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162647

Milani, Tommaso M. (2014) Sexed signs – queering the scenery. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2014(228): 201–225. http://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2014-0011

Mills, Mary Beth (2005) Engendering discourses of displacement: contesting mobility and marginality in rural Thailand. Ethnography 6(3): 385–419. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138105060763

Peng, Tian (2020) From semiotic perspective: male endorsements in cosmetic advertising. Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Educational Innovation and Philosophical Inquiries (ICEIPI 2020), Oxford. https://dx.doi.org/10.23977/ICEIPI2020009

Phumpradit, Phongsak (2010) [The Perception of Masculinity in TV Commercials on Grooming Products for Men]. Masters thesis, Chulalongkorn University.

Rangkaputi, Sorachat (2017) Male Image, Masculinity and Consumer Behaviour Related to Cosmetic Products: A Study of Thai Men in Bangkok City. PhD thesis, Southern Cross University.

Rattanaphasura, Amornrat (1991) 2531–2533 [The Presentation of Masculine Images in Thai Pop Music: An Analysis of Popular Male Vocalists between 1988–1990]. Masters thesis, Chulalongkorn University.

Ricciardelli, Rosemary, Clow, Kimberley A. and White, Philip (2010) Investigating hegemonic masculinity: portrayals of masculinity in men’s lifestyle magazines. Sex Roles 63(1–2): 64–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9764-8

Rittapirom, Thaweelap (17 May 2021) Men’s cosmetics taking off in Asia. Bangkok Post. https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2116899/mens-cosmetics-taking-off-in-asia

Santanaprasit, Witcha (2000) 2541–2542 [The Portrayal of Masculinities in Thai Movies from 1998 to 1999]. Masters thesis, Chulalongkorn University.

Scheibling, Casey and Lafrance, Marc (2019) Man up but stay smooth: hybrid masculinities in advertising for men’s grooming products. The Journal of Men’s Studies 27(2): 222–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826519841473

Shriver, Karen A. (1997) Dynamics in Document Design: Creating Text for Readers. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Simpson, Mark (15 November 1994) Here come the mirror men: why the future is metrosexual. Marksimpson.com. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.marksimpson.com/here-come-the-mirror-men

Sukmark, Wannaporn (2004) [The Construction of ‘Metrosexual’ Male Representation in Men Magazines]. Masters thesis, Chulalongkorn University.

Tan, Yue, Shaw, Ping, Cheng, Hong and Kim, Kwangmi Ko (2013) The construction of masculinity: a cross-cultural analysis of men’s lifestyle magazine advertisements. Sex Roles 69(5–6): 237–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-013-0300-5

Vail, Peter (1999) The Hard Road to Bangkok: Boxing, Masculinity, and National Culture in Thailand. Amsterdam: International Institute for Asian Studies.

Venkataswamy, Sudha (2013) Transcending gender: advertising fairness cream for Indian men. Media Asia 40(2): 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2013.11689961

Yip, Jeaney, Ainsworth, Susan and Hugh, Miles Tycho (2019) Beyond whiteness: perspectives on the rise of the Pan-Asian beauty ideal. In Guillaume D. Johnson, Kevin D. Thomas, Anthony Kwame Harrison and Sonya A. Grier (eds) Race in the Marketplace 73–85. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.

Published

2024-06-04

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Saisuwan, P. (2024). Male product endorsers and the embodiment of modern Thai masculinities in skincare advertisements. Gender and Language, 18(1), 48-72. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.24244