‘A pair of buttocks’ that everybody hates

radical rudeness as a resistance strategy

Authors

  • Busi Makoni Pennsylvania State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.21522

Keywords:

radical rudeness, rage, insurgent nakedness, naked agency, cosmological power

Abstract

This article explores radical rudeness, a resistance strategy of deliberate rudeness to disrupt normative structures. Using the Uganda activist Dr Stella Nyanzi as a case study, I examine how women experiencing extreme structural marginalisation and systemic violence use radical rudeness in a nonlinguistic form (defiant disrobing) to speak back to power. Drawing from Black feminist theories of rage, I argue that radical rudeness is an instance of rage, not as a pernicious emotion, but as a legitimate strategy against patriarchy and dictatorial authoritarianism. I argue that Dr Stella Nyanzi’s naked protest utilises three intersecting forms of power – biopower, symbolic power and cosmological power – to resist the authoritarian Ugandan regime, turning her naked body into a powerful weapon of resistance.

Author Biography

  • Busi Makoni, Pennsylvania State University

    Busi Makoni is a sociolinguist interested in the intersection between language, race, gender, law and sexuality in Africa. Her research broadly focuses on language and social justice in areas such as immigrant language practices in contexts characterised by quotidian violence, use of gendered language varieties in courtroom settings and the exploitation of women who use such varieties during court proceedings. She serves on the editorial boards of the journals Language in Society and Language Policy.

References

Abonga, Francis, Kerali, Raphael, Porter, Holly and Tapscott, Rebecca (2020) Naked bodies and collective action: repertoires of protest in Uganda’s militarized, authoritarian regime. Civil Wars 22(2–3): 198–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2020.1680018

Ahmed, Sara (2017) Living a Feminist Life. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822373377

Barcan, Ruth (2002) Female exposure and the protesting woman. Cultural Studies Review 8(2): 62–82.

Bernstein, Hilda (1983) For Their Triumphs and for Their Tears: Women in Apartheid South Africa. London: International Defense and Aid Fund.

Borba, Rodrigo and Milani, Tommaso M. (2019) Colonial intertexts: discourses, bodies and stranger fetishism in the Brazilian media. Discourse, Context & Media 30: 100–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2019.01.003

Bucholtz, Mary and Hall, Kira (2016) Embodied sociolinguistics. In Nikolas Coupland (ed) Sociolinguistics: Theoretical Debates 173–197. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107449787.009

Butler, Judith (1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.

Butler, Judith (2004) Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499627

Cahill, Ann J. (2001) Rethinking Rape. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Cohen, Cathy (1997) Punks, bulldaggers, and welfare queens: the radical potential of queer politics? GLQ 3(4): 437–465. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-3-4-437

Coly, Ayo A. (2015) Un/clothing African womanhood: colonial statements and postcolonial discourses of the African female body. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 33(1): 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2015.1021209

Cover, Rob (2003) The naked subject: nudity, context and sexualization in contemporary culture. Body & Society 9(3): 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X030093004

Diabate, Naminata (2020) Naked Agency. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781478007579

Eltahawy, Mona (2020) Review: No Roses from My Mouth: Poems from Prison by Stella Nyanzi. Kampala: Ubuntu Reading Group.

Foucault, Michel (2010) The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–1979, 1st edition. New York: Picador.

Fredlund, Jessie and Fiaveh, Daniel Y. (2019) Activist anthropologist sentenced to 18 months in prison. Anthropology News 60(4): e160–e164. https://doi.org/10.1111/AN.1237

hooks, bell (1995) Killing Rage: Ending Racism. New York: Henry Holt.

Kagumire, Rosebell (9 July 2019) Stella Nyanzi: The rude vagina-poem-writing hero Uganda needs. African Arguments. Retrieved 30 July 2021 from https://africanarguments.org/2019/07/09/stella-nyanzi-rude-vagina-poem-writing-hero-uganda-needs/

Lewis, Desiree (2009) Gendered spectacle: new terrains of struggle in South Africa. In Ann Schlyter (ed) Body Politics and Women Citizens: African Experiences 127–137. Stockholm: SIDA Studies.

Lorde, Audre (1984) Sister Outsider. Trumansberg, NY: Crossing Press.

Lugones, María (2003) Pilgrimages/peregrinajes. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Lutwama-Rukundo, Evelyn (2015) Skimpy Fashion and Sexuality in Sheebah Karungi’s Performances. Accra: African Women Development Fund.

Malatino, Hilary (2019) Tough breaks: trans rage and the cultivation of resilience. Hypatia 34(1): 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12446

Mbembe, Achille (2003) Necropolitics. Public Culture 15(1): 11–40. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-15-1-11

Milani, Tommaso M. (2021) Fuck off! recasting queer anger for a politics of (self-) discomfort. Gender and Language 15(3): 439–446. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.20885

Misri, Deepti (2011) ‘Are you a man?’: performing naked protest in India. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 36(3): 603–625. https://doi.org/10.1086/657487

Muriithi, Wairimu (2020) Review: No Roses from My Mouth. Retrieved 27 September 2021 from https://www.genderit.org/articles/review-no-roses-my-mouth

Nyanzi, Stella (2014) Queering queer Africa. In Zethu Matabeni (ed) Reclaiming Afrikan: Queer Perspectives on Sexual and Gender Identities 61–66. Athlone: Modjaji Books.

Sultana, Parvin (2013) Nakedness and resistance: understanding naked protests of women. Meridian Critic 20(1): 31–43.

Summers, Carol (2006) Radical rudeness: Ugandan social critiques in the 1940s. Journal of Social History 39(3): 741–770. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2006.0020

Sutton, Barbara (2007) Naked protest: memories of bodies and resistance at the World Social Forum. Journal of International Women’s Studies 8(3): 139–148.

Tamale, Sylvia (2017) Nudity, protest, and the law in Uganda. Feminist Africa 22: 52–86.

Tyler, Imogen (2013) Naked protest: the maternal politics of citizenship and revolt. Citizenship Studies 17(2): 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2013.780742

Published

2021-12-23

Issue

Section

Theme Series

How to Cite

Makoni, B. . (2021). ‘A pair of buttocks’ that everybody hates: radical rudeness as a resistance strategy. Gender and Language, 15(4), 549–558. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.21522