Beyond the cis gays’ cis gaze

The need for a trans linguistics

Authors

  • Lal Zimman University of California

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.20883

Keywords:

transgender, trans linguistics, community-based linguistics, intersectionality, queer linguistics

Abstract

Trans and other nonnormatively gendered subjectivities served a foundational role in queer linguistics, but it is only recently that a wave of trans researchers have begun to carve out distinctively trans approaches to the study of language. This commentary explores the question of why this shift has taken so long and how certain disciplinary norms have made linguistics a less-than-attractive home for trans scholars, namely an apoliticised ideology of descriptivism, the flippant indulgence of linguistic curiosity and claims to linguistic authority. Importantly, these processes are vulnerable to furthering not only transphobia but also racism, colonialism, ableism and linguistic subjugation. These convergences present opportunities for coalition-based responses to the maintenance of social hierarchies in linguistics and allied disciplines, and underscore the importance of community-based approaches to research on language and gender alterity.

Author Biography

  • Lal Zimman, University of California

    Lal Zimman is an Associate Professor of Linguistics and Affiliated Faculty in Feminist Studies at UC Santa Barbara. His research takes a sociocultural linguistic approach to language and trans communities, applying a variety of methods to issues including embodiment, the gendered voice, the theorisation of identity and trans-affirming linguistic practice.

References

Ansara, Y. Gavriel and Hegarty, Peter (2013) Misgendering in English language contexts: applying non-cisgenderist methods to feminist research. International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches 7(2): 160–177. https://doi.org/10.5172/mra.2013.7.2.160

Besnier, Niko (2003) Crossing genders, mixing languages: the linguistic construction of transgenderism in Tonga. In Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff (eds) The Handbook of Language and Gender 279–301. Malden, MA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

Bucholtz, Mary, Casillas, Dolores Inés and Lee, Jin Sook (2016) Beyond empowerment: accompaniment and sociolinguistic justice in a youth research program. In Robert Lawson and Dave Sayers (eds) Sociolinguistic Research: Application and Impact 25–44. London and New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315671765-3

Cromwell, Jason (1995) Talking about without talking about: the use of protective language among transvestites and transsexuals. In William L. Leap (ed) Beyond the Lavender Lexicon: Authenticity, Imagination, and Appropriation in Lesbian and Gay Languages 267–295. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach.

Davis, Jenny L. (2019) Refusing (mis)recognition: navigating multiple marginalization in the U.S. Two Spirit movement. Review of International American Studies 12(1): 65–86. https://doi.org/10.31261/rias.7328

de Jesus, Felipe Leandro and Caldas-Coulthard, Carmen Rosa (2018) Abjection and condemnation: media representations of a transgender criminal in Brazil. Gender and Language 12(3): 372–397. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.33299

Feu’u, Poiva Junior Ashleigh (2017) A comparative study of the fa’afafine of Samoa and whakawahine of Aotearoa New Zealand. In Evan Hazenberg and Miriam Meyerhoff (eds) Representing Trans: Linguistic, Legal, and Everyday Perspectives 171–203. Wellington, New Zealand: Victoria University Press.

Gaudio, Rudolf P. (1997) Not talking straight in Hausa. In Anna Livia and Kira Hall (eds) Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality 416–429. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Hall, Kira (2004) Language and marginalized places. In Mary Bucholtz (ed) Language and Woman’s Place: Text and Commentaries 171–177. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hall, Kira and O’Donovan, Veronica (1996) Shifting gender positions among Hindi-speaking hijras. In Victoria L. Bergvall, Janet M. Bing and Alice F. Freed (eds) Rethinking Language and Gender Research: Theory and Practice 228–266. London: Longman.

Katsiveli, Stamatina (2021) ‘It is this ignorance we have to fight’: emergent gender normativities in an interview with Greek transgender activists. Gender and Language 15(2): 158–183. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.18949

Knisely, Kris (forthcoming) A starter kit for rethinking TGNC representation and inclusion in French L2 classrooms. In E. Nicole Meyer and Eilene Hoft-March (eds) Teaching Diversity and Inclusion: Examples from a French-Speaking Classroom. Routledge.

Kulick, Don (1998) Travesti: Sex, Gender, and Culture Among Brazilian Transgendered Prostitutes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226461014.001.0001

Livia, Anna (2000) Pronoun Envy: Literary Uses of Linguistic Gender. New York and London: Oxford University Press.

Moriel, Liora (1998) Diva in the promised land: a blueprint for newspeak? World Englishes 17(2): 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-971X.00096

Snorton, C. Riley (2017) Black on Both Sides: A Racial History of Trans Identity. Minneapolis, MN and London: University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9781517901721.001.0001

Turton, Stephen (2021) Deadnaming as disformative utterance: the redefinition of trans womanhood on Urban Dictionary. Gender and Language 15(1): 42–64. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.18816

White, C. Todd (1998) On the pragmatics of an androgynous style of speaking (from a transsexual’s perspective). World Englishes 17(2): 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-971X.00095

Zimman, Lal (2017) Transgender language reform: some challenges and strategies for promoting trans-affirming, gender-inclusive language. Journal of Language and Discrimination 1(1): 84–105. https://doi.org/10.1558/jld.33139

Zimman, Lal (2020) Transgender language, transgender moment: toward a trans linguistics. In Kira Hall and Rusty Barrett (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Language and Sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190212926.013.45

Zimman, Lal and Azul, David (forthcoming) New paradigms, ethics, and cultural diversity: a transdisciplinary conversation between a speech-language pathologist and a sociocultural linguist. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.

Published

2021-10-06

Issue

Section

Theme Series

How to Cite

Zimman, L. (2021). Beyond the cis gays’ cis gaze: The need for a trans linguistics. Gender and Language, 15(3), 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.20883