Academy of devotion
performing status, hierarchy, and masculinity on reality TV
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.21361Keywords:
masculinities, reality tv, indexicality, regional dialect, kansai japanAbstract
In the late 1990s, Japan was experiencing an economic recession combined with an unrelenting stagnated birth rate; Japanese people and government officials called for men to increase their participation in domestic duties and life. Amid this outcry, an all-male reality TV comedy programme debuted: Junj? Gakuen Otokogumi (Academy of Devotion: Men’s Team) regaled late-night audiences with men being stereotypically masculine and hilarious. This article focuses specifically on two of the participants’ linguistic and physical behaviours in this TV programme. The two men are famous Kansai-based comedians, but act as high school teachers in the programme. The programme, I argue, provides a counternarrative to the national movement towards a softer masculinity that engages in domestic duties and delivers, instead, the kind of stereotypical masculinity associated with hegemonic salaryman ideology.
References
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Furukawa, G. (2014) The use of English as a local language resource for identity construction in Japanese television variety shows. PhD dissertation, University of Hawai’i.
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McCreery, J. (2002) Japanese Consumer Behavior: From Worker Bees to Wary Shoppers. New York: Curzon Press.
Mikanagi, Y. (2011) Masculinity and Japan’s Foreign Relations. Boulder, CO: First Forum Press.
Miller, L. (2006). Beauty Up: Exploring Contemporary Japanese Body Aesthetics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Mizumoto, T. (2006) Terebi Dorama to Jisshakai ni Okeru Josei Bunmatsushi Shiy? no zure ni miru jend? fyirut? [The gender filter as seen in discrepancies in women’s use of sentence-final forms in television dramas v. real society]. In Nihongo Jend? Gakkai (ed.) Nihongo to Jend? [Japanese and Gender] 73–94. Tokyo: Hitsuji Shobo.
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Morris-Suzuki, T. (1995) The invention and reinvention of ‘Japanese culture’. Journal of Asian Studies 54(3): 759–80. https://doi.org/10.2307/2059450
Muramatsu, Y. (2002) Gender construction through interactions between the media and audience in Japan. International Journal of Japanese Sociology 11(1): 72–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6781.00018
Niyekawa, A. (1992) Minimal Essential Politeness: A Guide to the Japanese Honorific Language. Tokyo: Kodansha International.
Occhi, D. J., SturtzSreetharan, C. L. and Shibamoto-Smith, J. S. (2010) Finding Mr Right: new looks at gendered modernity in Japanese televised romances. Japanese Studies 30(3): 409–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2010.518605
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Okamoto, S. and Shibamoto Smith, J. (eds). (2004) Japanese Language, Gender and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Okamoto S. and Shibamoto Smith, J. (2008) Constructing linguistic femininity in contemporary Japan: scholarly and popular representations. Gender and Language 2(1): 87–112.
Osawa, M. (2000) Government approaches to gender equality in the mid-1990s. Social Science Journal Japan 3(1): 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/3.1.3
Ota, T. (2004) Producing (post) trendy Japanese TV dramas. In K. Iwabuchi (ed.) Feeling Asian Modernities: Transnational Consumption of Japanese TV Dramas 69–86. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Oyama, A. (2014) Gender, family, and new styles of fatherhood: modernization and globalization in Japan. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona.
Penzhorn, H. and Pitout, M. (2007) A critical-historical genre analysis of reality television. Communication 33(1): 62–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/02500160701398995
Pflugfelder, G. (1999) Cartographies of Desire: Male–Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse 1600–1950. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Quaglio, P. (2009) Television Dialogue: The Sitcom Friends vs. Natural Conversation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.36
Richardson, K. (2010) Television Dramatic Dialogue: A Sociolinguistic Study. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374056.001.0001
Roberson, J. and Suzuki, N. (eds) (2002) Men and Masculinities in Contemporary Japan: Dislocating the Salaryman Doxa. New York: Routledge.
Roden, D. (2005) Thoughts on the early Meiji gentleman. In B. Molony and K Uno (eds) Gendering Modern Japanese History 61–98. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Rohlen, T. (1983) Japan’s High Schools. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Saito, J. (2010) Subordinates’ use of Japanese plain forms: an examination of superior-subordinate interactions in the workplace. Journal of Pragmatics 42(12): 3271–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.06.014
Sat?, M. (2000) Osakaben no seishin [The spirit of Osaka dialect]. Gengo 29: 60–65.
Shibamoto, J. S. (1987) The womanly woman: Manipulation of stereotypical and nonstereotypical features of Japanese female speech. In S. U. Philips, S. Steele and C. Tanz (eds) Language, Gender, and Sex in Comparative Perspective 26–49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shibamoto Smith, J. and Occhi, D. J. (2009) The green leaves of love: Japanese romantic heroines, authentic femininity and dialect. Journal of Sociolinguistics 13(4): 524–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2009.00422.x
Siegal, M. and Okamoto, S. (2003) Towards reconceptualizing the teaching and learning of gendered speech styles in Japanese as a foreign language. Japanese Language and Literature 37(1): 49–66. https://doi.org/10.2307/3594875
Silverstein, M. (1996) Indexical order and the dialectics of sociolinguistic life. In R. Ide, R. Parker and Y. Sunaoshi (eds) SALSA III: Proceedings of the Third Annual Symposium about Language and Society Austin 266–95. Austin, TX: Department of Linguistics, University of Texas.
Silverstein, M. (2003) Indexical order and the dialectics of sociolinguistic life. Language and Communication 23(3–4): 193–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5309(03)00013-2
Stocker, J. F. (2002) The ‘local’ in Japanese media culture: Manzai comedy, Osaka, and Entertainment Enterprise, Yoshimoto Kogy?. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
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Published
2017-06-20
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
SturtzSreetharan, C. L. (2017). Academy of devotion: performing status, hierarchy, and masculinity on reality TV. Gender and Language, 11(2), 176–203. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.21361
