‘It wasn’t because a woman couldn’t do a man’s job’
uncovering gender ideologies in the context of interviews with American female and male war veterans
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.26348Keywords:
ideology, army, gender, membership categorization analysis, interviewAbstract
Women currently serve in 95 percent of all US Army occupations and make up 16.3 percent of the active Army forces. Numerous measures have been taken in the form of regulations and policies to advance the presence and position of women in the military (e.g., the recent lifting of the ban on women serving in combat roles). It is claimed, however, that the broader ideology of masculinity prevalent in the institution is much more effective in constraining women’s participation than either specific institutional or interpersonal limitations. This paper, drawing on membership categorization analysis and conversation analysis, exposes some of the gendered propositions and gender ideologies produced by war veterans in the context of interviews. To this end, selected interviews with American female and male war veterans taken from the Veterans History Project (run by the Library of Congress) are qualitatively scrutinized. The analysis demonstrates how gender is occasioned and accounted for when describing military experiences and dayto-day operation of the army. It furthermore reveals the categorization work performed by the veterans that allows us to access various commonsense assumptions concerning the positions of women and men in the contemporary US Army. All in all, the paper points to the continuous relevance of gender in the military.
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Jefferson, G. (2004) Glossary of transcript symbols. In G. H. Lerner (ed.) Conversation Analysis: Studies from the First Generation 13–23. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Jones, P. H. (2008) Anniversary honors achievements of women warriors. 23 October. Retrieved on 19 January 2017 from www.army.mil/article/13559/anniversary-honors-achievements-of-women-warriors.
Jones, R. (2013) Health and Risk Communication: An Applied Linguistic Perspective. Abingdon: Routledge.
Kitzinger, C. (2000) How to resist an idiom. Research on Language and Social Interaction 33: 121–54. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327973RLSI3302_1
Koenig, A. M., Eagly, A., Mitchell, A. A. and Ristikari, T. (2001) Are leader stereotypes masculine? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin 137(4): 616–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023557
Lakoff, R. (2003) Language, gender, and politics: putting ‘women’ and ‘power’ in the same sentence. In J. Holmes and M. Meyerhoff (eds) The Handbook of Language and Gender 161?78. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756942.ch7
Lakoff, R. (2006) The politics of nice. Journal of Politeness Research 1: 173–91. https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2005.1.2.173
Lassen, I. (2011) Stereotyping gender. Discursive constructions of social identities in a Danish bank. In D. Majstorovi?, and I. Lassen (eds) Living with Patriarchy: Discursive Constructions of Gendered Subjects across Cultures 249–71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.45.14las
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Litosseliti, L. (2006) Constructing gender in public arguments: the female voice as emotional voice. In J. Baxter (ed.) Speaking Out: The Female Voice in the Public Context 40–58. Basingstoke: Palgrave. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230522435_3
Mullany, L. (2007) Gendered Discourse in the Professional Workplace. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Mullany, L. (2010) Gendered identities in the professional workplace: negotiating the glass ceiling. In C. Llamas and D. Watt (eds) Language and Identities 179–90. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. tps://doi.org/10.1057/9780230592902
Pawelczyk, J. (2011) Talk as Therapy: Psychotherapy in a Linguistic Perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781934078679
Pawelczyk, J. (2014) Constructing American female war veterans’ military identity in the context of interviews. Women and Language 37(1): 87?111.
Pawelczyk, J. and Graf, E. M. (2011) Living in therapeutic culture. Feminine discourse as an agent of change. In D. Majstorovi?, and I. Lassen (eds) Living with Patriarchy: Discursive Constructions of Gendered Subjects across Cultures 273–302. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.45.15paw
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Philips, S. U. (2014) The power of gender ideologies in discourse. In S. Ehrlich, M. Meyerhoff and J. Holmes (eds) The Handbook of Language, Gender, and Sexuality (2nd edn) 297–315. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118584248.ch15
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Potter, J. (2012) How to study experience. Discourse and Society 23(5): 576–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926512455884
Potter, J. and Hepburn, A. (2005) Qualitative interviews in psychology: problems and possibilities. Qualitative Research in Psychology 2: 281–307. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088705qp045oa
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Published
2017-03-28
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Pawelczyk, J. (2017). ‘It wasn’t because a woman couldn’t do a man’s job’: uncovering gender ideologies in the context of interviews with American female and male war veterans. Gender and Language, 11(1), 121-150. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.26348
