Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Assisted Language Instruction: A Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v5i3.25-45Keywords:
artificial intelligence, computer-assisted language instruction, natural language processing, language teachingAbstract
The article attempts to outline the major components of CALI-AI (computer-assisted language instruction incorporating artificial intelligence techniques). The article begins by discussing briefly the central assumption on which CALI-AI work is based, that is, that human cognitive abilities can be reproduced by mechanical means. It then proceeds to examine the following components of CALI-AI: (1) natural language processing, problem solving, (3) language learning, and (4) modeling teacher behavior. The article concludes with a discussion of the ways in which language teachers can participate in the development of the field.References
Aronoff, Mark. 1976. Word Formation in Generative Grammar. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 1. Cambridge Mass: The MIT Press.
Bailin, Alan. 1987. "Semantic/Pragmatic Inferences and Computer-Assisted Instruction." COGMEM 31. London, Ontario: The University of Western Ontario Centre for Cognitive Science.
Bailin, Alan and Philip Thomson. Forthcoming. "Natural Language Processing and Computer-Assisted Language Instruction." Computers and the Humanities.
Brand, James. 1987. "A Program That Acquires Language Using Positive and Negative Feedback." CALICO Journal, 5(1), 15-31.
Bresnan, Joan W. (ed.) 1982. The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations. Cambridge Mass.: The MIT Press.
Buchanan, Bruce G. 1985. Expert systems: Working Systems and the Recent Literature. Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University.
Charniak, Eugene and Drew McDermott. 1985. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Reading Mass., Menlo Park CA, Don Mills Ontario, etc.: AddisonWesley Publishing Co.
Chomsky, N. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding, Foris, Dordrecht.
Culley, Gerald. 1984. "Generic or Specific: Having It Both Ways with Generative CAI." A Special Double Issue on Computer-Assisted Instruction. Computers and the Humanities, 18(3/4), 183-188.
Culley, Gerald, George Milford and John Milbury Steen. 1986. "A Foreign Adventure Game: Progress Report on an Application of AI to Language Instruction." CALICO Journal, 4(2), 69-87.
Gazdar, Gerald and Ewan Klein, Geoffrey Pullum, Ivan Sag. 1985. Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press.
Gold, E. M. 1967, "Language Identification In The Limit." Information and Control, 10: 447-474.
Grishman, Ralph. 1986. Computational Linguistics: An Introduction. Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne, Sidney: Cambridge University Press.
Heidorn, G.E., K. Jensen, L.A. Miller, R.J. Byrd, and M.S. Chodorow. 1982. "The EPISTLE Text-critiquing System." IBM System Journal, 21(3), 305-326.
Holmes, Glyn and Alan Bailin. Forthcoming. "COMTEXT: An Authoring System" in CALL: Systems, Templates and Strategies, ed. Wm. Flint Smith and Robert Ariew.
Hopcraft, John E. and Jeffrey D. Ullman. 1969. Formal Languages and their Relation to Automata. Reading Mass, Menlo Park CA, London, Don Mills Ontario: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
Kittredge, Richard and John Lehrberger eds. 1982. Sublanguage: Studies of Language in Restricted Semantic Domains. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Lyons, John. 1977. Semantics, 2 vols. Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Marcus, Mitchell P. 1980. A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language. Cambridge Mass. and London England: The MIT Press.
Neuwirth, Christine M. 1986. The Parnassus Project: Toward an ITS for Teaching Effective Sentences. Pittsburgh: Center for Educational Reporting in English, Carnegie-Mellon University, Technical Report CECE-3.
Osherson, Daniel N., Michael Stob, Scott Weinstein. 1986. Systems That Learn: An Introduction to Learning Theory for Cognitive and Computer Scientists. A Bradford Book. Cambridge Mass. and London, England: The MIT Press.
Partee, Barbara Hall. 1978. Fundamentals of Mathematics for Linguistics. Stamford Connecticut: Greylock Publishers.
Rich, Elaine. 1983. Artificial Intelligence. New York and Toronto: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Richards, Jack C. and Richard W. Schmidt, eds. 1983. Language and Communication. London and New York: Longman.
Sanders, Alton and Ruth Sanders. 1987. "Designing and Implementing A Syntactic Parser." CALICO Journal, 5(1), 77-86.
Underwood, John. 1987. "Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Assisted Language Learning" in Modern Media in Foreign Language Education: Tools for Integrating Teaching and Learning, ed. Wm. Flint Smith. Lincolnwood, Illinois: National Textbook Co.
Winograd, Terry. 1983. Language as a Cognitive System, Volume 1: Syntax. Reading Mass., Menlo Park, London, Amsterdam, Don Mills, Ontario, Sydney: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
Winston, Patrick Henry. 1984. Artificial Intelligence, 2nd ed. Reading Mass., Menlo Park CA, London, Amsterdam, Don Mills, Ontario, Sydney: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
