Participatory research design in mobile health: Tablet devices for diabetes self-management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.27120Keywords:
democratic dialogic theory, mobile health, mobile tablet device, participatory design, type 2 diabetesAbstract
Type 2 diabetes is a prevalent, chronic disease, which places significant burden on societies and individuals. This article reports the participatory research design of an exploratory study that introduces mobile tablet devices in the self-management of type 2 diabetes in a primary healthcare setting. Strategies from democratic dialogic theory were used in the design of the research to steer the participatory engagement between researchers and healthcare practitioners. The outcome of this phase of the research was the issue of six ‘invitations’ to 28 people with diabetes to frame their use of a mobile tablet device in managing their health. Those invitations were clustered in two themes, Empowered and Compelled, representing typical patient attitudes and behaviours. The work reported here sets the stage for a longitudinal and socially complex study that encompasses a new and comprehensive General Practitioner (GP) Super Clinic with an array of health and administrative staff, patients with a chronic health condition requiring continual self-management, a wide continuum of digital literacy capability in all participants and an ever-increasing digital society. It reports a novel research design methodology that merges democratic dialogic theory and participatory design, resulting in a grounded and agreed approach to a mobile health intervention.References
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Burner, E., Menchine, M., Kubicek, K., Robles, M. and Arora, S. (2014) Perceptions of successful cues to action and opportunities to augment behavioural triggers in diabetes self-management: Qualitative analysis of mobile intervention for low-income Latinos with diabetes. Journal of Medical Internet Research 16 (1): e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2881
Campbell, N., Schiffer, E., Buxbaum, A., McLean, E., Perry, C. and Sullivan, T. (2014) Taking knowledge for health the extra mile: Participatory evaluation of a mobile phone intervention for community health workers in Malawi. Global Health: Science and Practice 2 (1): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/ghsp-d-13-00141
Carroll, J. and Rosson, M. (2007) Participatory design in community informatics. Design Studies 28 (3): 243–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2007.02.007
Church, K., Smyth, B., Cotter, P. and Bradley, K. (2007) Mobile information access: A study of emerging search behavior on the mobile internet. ACM Transactions on the Web 1 (1): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1232722.1232726
Clemenson, J., Larsen, S., Kyng, M. and Kirkevol, M. (2007) Participatory design in health sciences: Using cooperative experimental methods in developing health services and computer technology. Qualitative Health Research 17 (1): 122–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732306293664
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Davis, F. (1989) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly 13 (3): 319–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/249008
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Gregory, J. (2003) Scandinavian approaches to participatory design. International Journal of Engineering Education 19 (1): 62–74.
Hunt, C., Sanderson, B. and Ellison, K. (2014) Support for diabetes using technology: A pilot study to improve self-management. Medsurg Nursing 23 (4): 231–237.
Jonas, M. and Nakazawa, Y. (2008) Finding truth in ‘lies’: Nietzsche’s perspectivism and its relation to education. Journal of Philosophy of Education 42 (2): 269–285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00623.x
Kanstrup, A., Bertelsen, P., Glasemann, M. and Boye, N. (2008) Design for more: An ambient perspective on diabetes. In D. Hakken, J. Simonsen and T. Roberston (eds) PDC ’08: Proceedings of the Tenth Anniversary Conference on Participatory Design held in Bloomington, Indiana, 30 September – 4 October, 2008, 118–127. Indianapolis: Indiana University.
Katz, R., Mesfin, T. and Barr, K. (2012) Lessons from a community-based mHealth diabetes self-management program: ‘It’s not just about the cell phone’. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives 17 (Sup 1): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.650613
Kensing, F. and Blomberg, J. (1998) Participatory design: Issues and concerns. Computer Supported Cooperative Work 7 (3–4): 167–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008689307411
Laouris, Y. (2012) The ABCs of the science of structured dialogic design. International Journal of Applied Systemic Studies 4 (4): 239–257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJASS.2012.052235
Laouris, Y. and Christakis, A. (2007) Harnessing collective wisdom at a fraction of the time using Structured Design Process embedded within a virtual communication context. International Journal of Applied Systemic Studies 1 (2): 131–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJASS.2007.015585
Li, J., Talaei-Khoei, A., Seale, H., Ray, P. and MacIntyre, C. R. (2013) Health care provider adoption of ehealth: Systematic literature review. Interactive Journal of Medical Research 2 (1): 20–38.
Martinez-Perez, B., de la Torre-Diez, I. and Lopez-Coronado, M. (2013) Mobile health applications for the most prevalent conditions by the World Health Organisation: Review and analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 15 (6): e120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2600
Meetoo, D. and Gopaul, H (2005) Empowerment: Giving power to people with diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Nursing 9 (1): 28–32.
Moffatt, J. and Eley, D. (2011) Barriers to the up-take of telemedine in Australia – A view from providers. The International Electronic Journal of Rural and Remote Health Research, Education, Practice and Policy 11 (1): 1581.
Muller, M. J. and Druin, A. (2011) Participatory design: The third space in HCI. In J. Jacko (ed.) The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook. Third edition. New York: Taylor and Francis.
Mulvaney, S., Ritterband, L. and Bosslet, L. (2011) Mobile intervention design in diabetes: Review and recommendations. Current Diabetes Reports 11 (6): 486–493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-011-0230-y
Nietzsche, F. (1969 [1887]) On the Genealogy of Morals. Translated by W. Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale. New York: Vintage / Random House.
Nundy, S., Dick, J., Solomon, M. and Peek, M. (2013) Developing a behavioural model for mobile phone-based diabetes interventions. Patient Education and Counseling 90 (1): 125–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2012.09.008
Park, S. and Burford, S. (2013) A longitudinal study on the uses of mobile tablet devices and changes in digital media literacy of young adults. Information, Communication and Society, Educational Media International 50 (4): 266–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2013.862365
Pileman, S. and Timpka, T. (2008) Third generation participatory design in health informatics: Making user participation applicable to large-scale information system projects. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 41 (2): 327–339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2007.09.004
Porter, S. and Shortall, S. (2009) Stakeholders and perspectivism in qualitative policy evaluation: a realist reflection. Public Administration 87 (2): 259–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2008.01735.x
Sanders, E., Brandt, E. and Binder, T. (2010) A framework for organizing the tools and techniques of participatory design. In T. Robertson, K. Bodker, T. Bratteteig and D. Doi (eds) PDC ’10: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference Held in Sydney, Australia, 29 November – 3 December, 2010, 195–198. New York: ACM. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1900441.1900476
Sundar, S. (2008) Self as source: Agency and customization in interactive media. In E. Konijn, S. Utz, M. Tanis and S. Barnes (eds) Mediated Interpersonal Communication, 58–74. New York: Routledge.
Sundar, S. and Marathe, S. (2010) Personalization versus customization: The importance of agency, privacy, and power usage. Human Communication Research 36 (3) 298–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01377.x
Suchman, L. (1993) Foreword. In D. Schuler and A. Namiola (eds) Participatory Design: Principles and Practices, vii–ix. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Tatara, N., Arsand, E., Skrovseth, S. and Hartvigsen, G. (2013) Long-term engagement with a mobile self-management system for people with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Medical Internet Research: mHealth uHealth 1 (1): e1.
Tomlinson, M., Rotheram, M., Swartz, L. and Tsai A. (2013) Scaling up mHealth: Where is the evidence? Public Library of Science: Medicine 10 (2): e1001382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001382
van Heerden, A., Tomlinson, M. and Swartz, L. (2012) Point of care in your pocket: A research agenda for the field of m-health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90 (5): 393–394. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.099788
van Velsen, L., Beaujean, D. and van Gemert-Pijnen, J. (2013) Why mobile health app overload drives us crazy, and how to restore the sanity. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 13 (23). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-23
Waller, A., Franklin, V., Pagliari, C. and Green, S. (2006) Participatory design of a text message scheduling system to support young people with diabetes. Health Informatics Journal 12 (4): 304–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458206070023
Whittaker, R., Merry, S., Dorey, E. and Maddison, R. (2012) A development and evaluation process for mHealth interventions: Examples from New Zealand. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives 17 (Sup 1): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.649103
World Health Organization (2006) Building Foundations for eHealth: Progress of Member States: Report of the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/goe/publications/bf_FINAL.pdf
World Health Organization (2008) The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf/
World Health Organization (2011) mHealth: New Horizons for Health through Mobile Technologies: Based on the Findings of the Second Global Survey on eHealth. Global Observatory for eHealth Series 3. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_mhealth_web.pdf
Zarghom, S., Di Fonzo, D. and Leung, F. H. (2013) Does socioeconomic status affect patients’ ease of use of a touch-screen (iPad) patient survey? Interactive Journal of Medical Research 2 (1): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/ijmr.2314
Australian Communications and Media Authority (2013) Smartphones and Tablets: Take-up and Use in Australia. Communications Report 2011-12 3. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved from http://www.acma.gov.au/webwr/_assets/main/lib310665/report-3-smartphones-tablets-comms_report_11-12_series.pdf
Australian Communications and Media Authority (2014) Tablets Take Off: Take-up and Use of Tablet Computers in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/engage-blogs/engage-blogs/Research-snapshots/Tablets-take-off-take-up-and-use-of-tablet-computers-in-Australia
Burford, S. and Park, S. (2014) The impact of mobile tablet devices on human information behaviour. Journal of Documentation 70 (4): 622–639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JD-09-2012-0123
Burner, E., Menchine, M., Kubicek, K., Robles, M. and Arora, S. (2014) Perceptions of successful cues to action and opportunities to augment behavioural triggers in diabetes self-management: Qualitative analysis of mobile intervention for low-income Latinos with diabetes. Journal of Medical Internet Research 16 (1): e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2881
Campbell, N., Schiffer, E., Buxbaum, A., McLean, E., Perry, C. and Sullivan, T. (2014) Taking knowledge for health the extra mile: Participatory evaluation of a mobile phone intervention for community health workers in Malawi. Global Health: Science and Practice 2 (1): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/ghsp-d-13-00141
Carroll, J. and Rosson, M. (2007) Participatory design in community informatics. Design Studies 28 (3): 243–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2007.02.007
Church, K., Smyth, B., Cotter, P. and Bradley, K. (2007) Mobile information access: A study of emerging search behavior on the mobile internet. ACM Transactions on the Web 1 (1): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1232722.1232726
Clemenson, J., Larsen, S., Kyng, M. and Kirkevol, M. (2007) Participatory design in health sciences: Using cooperative experimental methods in developing health services and computer technology. Qualitative Health Research 17 (1): 122–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732306293664
Cornwall, A. and Jewkes, R. (1995) What is participatory research? Social Science and Medicine 41 (12): 1667–1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00127-S
Davis, F. (1989) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly 13 (3): 319–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/249008
Falk-Rafael, A. R. (1995) Advocacy and empowerment: Dichotomous or syncronomous concepts? Advances in Nursing Science 19 (2): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00012272-199512000-00004
Fowles, R. A. (2000) Symmetry in design participation in the built environment: Experiences and insights from education and practice. In S. Scrivener, L. Ball and A. Woodcock (eds) Collaborative Design: Proceedings of an International Conference held in Coventry, England, September 2000, 57–70. London: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0779-8_6
Gagnon, M. P., Orruño, E., Asua, J., Abdeljelil, A. B. and Emparanza, J. (2012) Using a modified technology acceptance model to evaluate healthcare professionals’ adoption of a new telemonitoring system. Telemedicine and E-Health 18 (1): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2011.0066
Gregory, J. (2003) Scandinavian approaches to participatory design. International Journal of Engineering Education 19 (1): 62–74.
Hunt, C., Sanderson, B. and Ellison, K. (2014) Support for diabetes using technology: A pilot study to improve self-management. Medsurg Nursing 23 (4): 231–237.
Jonas, M. and Nakazawa, Y. (2008) Finding truth in ‘lies’: Nietzsche’s perspectivism and its relation to education. Journal of Philosophy of Education 42 (2): 269–285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00623.x
Kanstrup, A., Bertelsen, P., Glasemann, M. and Boye, N. (2008) Design for more: An ambient perspective on diabetes. In D. Hakken, J. Simonsen and T. Roberston (eds) PDC ’08: Proceedings of the Tenth Anniversary Conference on Participatory Design held in Bloomington, Indiana, 30 September – 4 October, 2008, 118–127. Indianapolis: Indiana University.
Katz, R., Mesfin, T. and Barr, K. (2012) Lessons from a community-based mHealth diabetes self-management program: ‘It’s not just about the cell phone’. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives 17 (Sup 1): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.650613
Kensing, F. and Blomberg, J. (1998) Participatory design: Issues and concerns. Computer Supported Cooperative Work 7 (3–4): 167–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008689307411
Laouris, Y. (2012) The ABCs of the science of structured dialogic design. International Journal of Applied Systemic Studies 4 (4): 239–257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJASS.2012.052235
Laouris, Y. and Christakis, A. (2007) Harnessing collective wisdom at a fraction of the time using Structured Design Process embedded within a virtual communication context. International Journal of Applied Systemic Studies 1 (2): 131–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJASS.2007.015585
Li, J., Talaei-Khoei, A., Seale, H., Ray, P. and MacIntyre, C. R. (2013) Health care provider adoption of ehealth: Systematic literature review. Interactive Journal of Medical Research 2 (1): 20–38.
Martinez-Perez, B., de la Torre-Diez, I. and Lopez-Coronado, M. (2013) Mobile health applications for the most prevalent conditions by the World Health Organisation: Review and analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 15 (6): e120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2600
Meetoo, D. and Gopaul, H (2005) Empowerment: Giving power to people with diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Nursing 9 (1): 28–32.
Moffatt, J. and Eley, D. (2011) Barriers to the up-take of telemedine in Australia – A view from providers. The International Electronic Journal of Rural and Remote Health Research, Education, Practice and Policy 11 (1): 1581.
Muller, M. J. and Druin, A. (2011) Participatory design: The third space in HCI. In J. Jacko (ed.) The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook. Third edition. New York: Taylor and Francis.
Mulvaney, S., Ritterband, L. and Bosslet, L. (2011) Mobile intervention design in diabetes: Review and recommendations. Current Diabetes Reports 11 (6): 486–493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-011-0230-y
Nietzsche, F. (1969 [1887]) On the Genealogy of Morals. Translated by W. Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale. New York: Vintage / Random House.
Nundy, S., Dick, J., Solomon, M. and Peek, M. (2013) Developing a behavioural model for mobile phone-based diabetes interventions. Patient Education and Counseling 90 (1): 125–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2012.09.008
Park, S. and Burford, S. (2013) A longitudinal study on the uses of mobile tablet devices and changes in digital media literacy of young adults. Information, Communication and Society, Educational Media International 50 (4): 266–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2013.862365
Pileman, S. and Timpka, T. (2008) Third generation participatory design in health informatics: Making user participation applicable to large-scale information system projects. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 41 (2): 327–339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2007.09.004
Porter, S. and Shortall, S. (2009) Stakeholders and perspectivism in qualitative policy evaluation: a realist reflection. Public Administration 87 (2): 259–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2008.01735.x
Sanders, E., Brandt, E. and Binder, T. (2010) A framework for organizing the tools and techniques of participatory design. In T. Robertson, K. Bodker, T. Bratteteig and D. Doi (eds) PDC ’10: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference Held in Sydney, Australia, 29 November – 3 December, 2010, 195–198. New York: ACM. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1900441.1900476
Sundar, S. (2008) Self as source: Agency and customization in interactive media. In E. Konijn, S. Utz, M. Tanis and S. Barnes (eds) Mediated Interpersonal Communication, 58–74. New York: Routledge.
Sundar, S. and Marathe, S. (2010) Personalization versus customization: The importance of agency, privacy, and power usage. Human Communication Research 36 (3) 298–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01377.x
Suchman, L. (1993) Foreword. In D. Schuler and A. Namiola (eds) Participatory Design: Principles and Practices, vii–ix. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Tatara, N., Arsand, E., Skrovseth, S. and Hartvigsen, G. (2013) Long-term engagement with a mobile self-management system for people with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Medical Internet Research: mHealth uHealth 1 (1): e1.
Tomlinson, M., Rotheram, M., Swartz, L. and Tsai A. (2013) Scaling up mHealth: Where is the evidence? Public Library of Science: Medicine 10 (2): e1001382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001382
van Heerden, A., Tomlinson, M. and Swartz, L. (2012) Point of care in your pocket: A research agenda for the field of m-health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90 (5): 393–394. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.099788
van Velsen, L., Beaujean, D. and van Gemert-Pijnen, J. (2013) Why mobile health app overload drives us crazy, and how to restore the sanity. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 13 (23). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-23
Waller, A., Franklin, V., Pagliari, C. and Green, S. (2006) Participatory design of a text message scheduling system to support young people with diabetes. Health Informatics Journal 12 (4): 304–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458206070023
Whittaker, R., Merry, S., Dorey, E. and Maddison, R. (2012) A development and evaluation process for mHealth interventions: Examples from New Zealand. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives 17 (Sup 1): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.649103
World Health Organization (2006) Building Foundations for eHealth: Progress of Member States: Report of the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/goe/publications/bf_FINAL.pdf
World Health Organization (2008) The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf/
World Health Organization (2011) mHealth: New Horizons for Health through Mobile Technologies: Based on the Findings of the Second Global Survey on eHealth. Global Observatory for eHealth Series 3. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_mhealth_web.pdf
Zarghom, S., Di Fonzo, D. and Leung, F. H. (2013) Does socioeconomic status affect patients’ ease of use of a touch-screen (iPad) patient survey? Interactive Journal of Medical Research 2 (1): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/ijmr.2314
Published
2016-11-07
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copyright Equinox Publishing Ltd.
How to Cite
Burford, S. J., Park, S., Dawda, P., & Burns, J. (2016). Participatory research design in mobile health: Tablet devices for diabetes self-management. Communication and Medicine, 12(2-3), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.27120