White Blindfolds and Black Armbands

The Uses of Whiteness Theory for Reading Australian Cultural Production

Authors

  • Carole Ferrier University of Queensland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1321816600001872

Keywords:

History of race relations in Australia, cultural production, the white blindfold, the black armband

Abstract

Analyses or descriptions of the history of race relations (and cultural production) in what has been called Australia for about a hundred years, have frequently been informed by two orientations that might be simply categorised as the white blindfold and the black armband positions. In many cases, these two mindsets can be observed in other Western cultures although the interaction between them, and the society around them, gets played out differently in particular places at particular times.

Author Biography

  • Carole Ferrier, University of Queensland

    CAROLE FERRIER is an Associate Professor in the English Department at the University of Queensland She teaches in the areas of gender, race and class, and her most recent book is Jean Devanny: Romantic Revolutionary appearing later this year from Melbourne UP. She is editor of Hecate which has its 25th anniversary this year, and Director of the Centre for Women, Ideology and Culture Research.

References

Some of the same oppositions and dichotomies can be observed (functioning with further differences) in non-Western cultures. To take this up is beyond the scope of this short paper, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that such connections and comparisons are an essential part of an adequate account.

Conrad, Joseph, Heart of Darkness, 3rd edition (1901; New York: Norton, 1995): 27–8.

Winant, Howard, ‘;Behind Blue Eyes: Whiteness and Contemporary US Racial Politics,’ in Michelle Fine, Lois Weis, Linda C Powell and L Mun Wong, eds, Off White: Readings on Race, Power and Society (New York: Routledge, 1997): 43.

Winant, 42.

See the argument by bell hooks for the use of this term in preference to racism in ‘Postmodern Blackness’ in Walter Truett Anderson, ed, The Fontana Post-Modernism Reader (London: Fontana, 1996): 116.

Frankenberg, Ruth, White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness (London: Routledge and Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1993): 171.

Davies, Carol Boyce, Women, Black, Writing and Identity: Migrations of the Subject (London: Routledge and Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1994): 16–17.

Trees, Kathryn, ‘Langford, Ruby's Everyday Songlines’, Approaches to Don't Take Your Love to Town, ed. van Toorn, Penny, May 1998, http.z/www.uq.edu/-encferri.

Langford 1988: 91.

Lucashenko, Melissa, Steam Pigs (St Lucia: U of Queensland P, 1997): 145–6.

Lucashenko: 147.

Frankenberg, , Chapter 6, passim.

Frankenberg: 140.

Frankenberg: 169–70.

Frankenberg: 188.

Frankenberg: 137.

Langford 1988: 91.

Anderson, Bob, ‘Justice or Reconciliation’, in Carole Ferrier and Rebecca Pelan, eds, The Point of Change (Australian Studies Centre, English Department, University of Queensland: 1998): 47.

Said, Edward, ‘Orientalism’, in Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan, Literary Theory (Oxford: Blackwell, [1994]1998): 874.

Henry Louis Gates, Black Literature and Literary Theory (New York: Methuen, 1984): 5.

Hyllus Maris and Sonia Borg, Women of the Sun (Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin, 1985).

See Jennings, Karen and Hollinsworth, David, ‘Shy Maids and Wanton Strumpets’, Hecate 13.2 (1987/8): 129–133. Tracey Moffatt, Nice coloured girls, videorecording produced, directed and written by Moffatt (Darlinghurst, N.S.W.: Australian Film Institute, 1987).

See, among other discussions of this, Jo Robertson, ‘Making Sense’, Hecate 18.1 (1992): 117–130.

See Audrey Evans' stories in Hecate 24.1 (1998): 165–171.

Lucashenko: 245.

Hecate 14.1 (1988): 32.

Langford: 269.

Lucashenko: 6, 20.

Lucashenko: 64, 191.

For discussion of some of these, see Carole Ferrier, ‘Aboriginal Women's Narratives’, in Ferrier, , ed, Gender, Politics and Fiction: Twentieth Century Australian Women's Novels, 2nd edition (St Lucia: U of Queensland P, 1993): 200–218.

Wright, Alexis, Plains of Promise (St Lucia: U of Queensland P, 1997): 134.

Ganter, Regina, ‘Living an Immoral Life: “Coloured” Women and the Paternalistic State’ in Hecate 24.1 (1998).

Duff, Alan, What Becomes of the Broken-Hearted? (Milsons Point, NSW: Random House, 1996). This is the second novel in Duffs trilogy focusing upon the Heke family. Racism in relation to Asians is frequently articulated by the Maori character, Jake Heke; Duff appears to think that this will be read in their favour, and when I asked him about it at a conference responded that they were some of the best workers and the best capitalists.

Wright: 133.

Lucashenko: 233–4.

Lucashenko: 146.

I discussed some of the problems of this in ‘On “Not Doing Too Much On Black Women Writers”,’ Hecate 14.2 (1988): 107–109.

Rivkin and Ryan: 855.

Rivkin and Ryan: 855.

Butler, Judith, ‘Contingent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of “Postmodernism”’ in Butler, and Scott, Joan W., eds, Feminists Theorise the Political (Routledge: New York and London): 16.

Fine et al. ., Preface, xii.

Frankenberg, , 1.

Published

1999-05-01

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Ferrier, C. (1999). White Blindfolds and Black Armbands: The Uses of Whiteness Theory for Reading Australian Cultural Production. Queensland Review, 6(1), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1321816600001872