Queensland's broad-scale land-clearing policy debate, 1998–2006
An analysis of evidence-based arguments in news media content
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1017/qre.2018.8Keywords:
broad-scale land-clearing (BSLC), 1998–2006, media content analysis, public policy debateAbstract
This article outlines the methodology and key findings of a media content analysis of news reporting in the Courier-Mail and Queensland Country Life on the issue of broad-scale land-clearing (BSLC) in Queensland during the period 1998–2006. The case study identifies and examines evidence-based arguments made by stakeholders in the public policy debate surrounding BSLC, including elected officials and judges, interest groups, government agencies, scientists, business owners and individuals, such as academics. In both newspapers, it was noted that throughout the period under review, arguments made on environmental grounds in favour of the policy goal of maximum immediate conservation tended to be concerned with establishing an accurate definition of the BSLC problem. However, reporting of arguments made on political and economic grounds reflected stark differences between the two newspapers. The findings of this study support observations that some participants in a contest over new policy may dispute (persistently, and regardless of previous developments) the validity of: (1) definitions of a problem; (2) proposed policy solutions; (3) matters of detail or technical application; and (4) the enactment and implementation of legislation.
References
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2002. Measuring Australia’s progress, cat. no. 1370.0. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Bell, J. 2011. ‘Tree clearing, hunger strikes and Kyoto targets: The need for a middle ground’. Environmental and Planning Law Journal 28, 201–12.
Bennett, W. L. 1990. ‘Toward a theory of press–state relations in the United States’, Journal of Communication 40, 103–27.
Boykoff, M. T. 2011. Who speaks for the climate? Making sense of media reporting on climate change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Boykoff, M. T. and Boykoff, J. M. 2004. ‘Balance as bias: Global warming and the US prestige press’. Global Environmental Change 14, 125–36.
Christians, C. G., Glasser, T. L., McQuail, D., Nordenstreng, K and White, R. A. 2009. Normative theories of the media: Journalism in democratic societies. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Cooper, C. A., Nownes, A. J. and Johnson, M. 2007. ‘Interest groups and journalists in the States’. State Politics & Policy Quarterly 7, 39–53.
Dearing, J. W. 1995. ‘Newspaper coverage of maverick science: Creating controversy through balancing’. Public Understanding of Science 4, 341–61.
Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM) 2003. Land cover change in Queensland 1999–2001. Brisbane: DNRM Queensland.
Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation (DSITI) Queensland 2015. Land cover change in Queensland 2012–13 and 2013–14: Statewide land cover and trees study. Brisbane: DSITI Queensland.
Dyer, G. 2012. ‘Newspaper circulation carnage: Biggest March fall on record’. Crikey, 11 May, http://www.crikey.com.au/2012/05/11/newspaper-circulation-carnage-biggest-march-fall-on-record, accessed 1 December 2016.
Earle, T. R. 1986. Evaluation of policy analysis models using a longitudinal study of land management, unpublished PhD thesis, Griffith University.
Fairfax Staff Writer 1998. ‘Leaders have their say: Govt needs clear policy and answers’. Queensland Country Life, 11 June.
Fairfax Staff Writer 2005. ‘Farm greenhouse contribution overlooked’. Queensland Country Life, 24 February.
Fairfax Media 2011. Queensland Country Life media kit 2011–2012 (Brisbane: Fairfax Media, 2011).
Fico, F. 1984. ‘How lawmakers use reporters: Differences in specialization and goals’, Journalism Quarterly 61, 793.
Fisher, J. R. 1991. ‘News media functions in policy making’. Canadian Journal of Communication 16, 139–45.
Gruszczynski, M. W. and Michaels, S. 2012. ‘The evolution of elite framing following enactment of legislation’. Policy Sciences 45, 359–84.
Hansen, A. 2015. ‘Communication, media and the social construction of the environment’. In A. Hansen and R. Cox (eds), The Routledge handbook of environment and communication. New York: Routledge, pp. 26–38.
Herman, J. R. (ed.) 2007. State of the news print media in Australia: A supplement to the 2006 report. Sydney: Australian Press Council.
Howland, D., Becker, M. L. and Prelli, L. J. 2006. ‘Merging content analysis and the policy sciences: A system to discern policy-specific trends from news media reports’. Policy Sciences 39, 205–31.
Jann, W. and Wegrich, K. 2007. ‘Theories of the policy cycle’. In F. Fischer, G. J. Miller and M. S. Sidney (eds), Handbook of public policy analysis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 43–62.
Jones, B. D. and Wolfe, M. 2010. ‘Public policy and the mass media: An information processing approach’. In S. Koch-Baumgarten and K. Voltmer (eds), Public policy and the mass media: The interplay of mass communication and political decision making. New York: Routledge, pp. 17–43.
Jørgensen, M. and Phillips, L. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London: Sage.
Kehoe, J. A. 2006. ‘Land clearing in Queensland’. Environmental and Planning Law Journal 23, 148–57.
Kehoe, J. A. 2014. The making and implementation of environmental laws in Queensland: The Vegetation Management Act 1999 (Qld) and the Land Act 1994 (Qld), unpublished PhD thesis, Australian National University.
Lambeth, E. B. 1978. ‘Perceived influence of the press on energy policy making’. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 55, 11–72.
Lasswell, H. D. 1971. A pre-view of policy sciences. New York: Elsevier.
Lindenmayer, D. and Burgman, M. A. 2005. Practical conservation biology. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.
McAlpine, C. A., Fensham, R. J. and McIntyre, S. 2002. ‘Sustainable management of Queensland landscapes: Linking the science and action (Guest Editorial)’. The Rangeland Journal 24, 3–5.
McCosker, M. (1998). ‘Mixed political bag shapes the bush’. Queensland Country Life, 31 December.
McGrath, C. J. 2002–03. ‘Summary and critical analysis of major vegetation management laws in Queensland’. Queensland Environmental Practice Reporter 8, 86–102.
McGrath, C. J. 2006-07. ‘End of broadscale clearing in Queensland’. Queensland Environmental Practice Reporter 12, 176–84.
McKenna, M., Franklin, M., Odgers, R. and Greber, J. 1999. ‘Green energy blue brews’. Courier-Mail, 30 November.
McKnight, D. 2010. ‘A change in the climate? The journalism of opinion at News Corporation’, Journalism 11, 693–706.
Miller, M. M. and Riechert, B. P. 2009. ‘Interest group strategies and journalistic norms: News media framing of environmental issues’, in S. Allan, B. Adam and C. Carter (eds), Environmental risks and the media. New York: Routledge, pp. 45–54.
Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Norton, P. 2013. ‘Environmental politics and policy in Queensland under Labor, 1998–2012’. Queensland Review 20, 52–68.
Park, R. E. 2006. ‘News as a form of knowledge’. In G. S. Adam and P. Clark (eds), Journalism: The democratic craft. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 225–36.
Queensland Country Life 2006. Speech given to 2006 Property Rights Australia AGM by M. Thomson.
Rolfe, J. C. 2000. ‘Broadscale tree clearing in Queensland’. Agenda 7, 219–36.
Rose, M. and Baumgartner, F. R. 2013. ‘Framing the Poor: Media coverage and U.S. poverty policy, 1960–2008’, Policy Studies Journal 41, 22–53.
Ryan, N. 1997. Vegetation clearing and greenhouse: A preliminary assessment of benefits of ending land clearing in Australia to curb greenhouse gas emissions (Sydney: World Wide Fund for Nature Australia.
Ryan, S. 1999a. ‘ Dirt poor’/ Courier-Mail, 3 July.
Ryan, S. 1999b. ‘Queensland fast becoming a sorry state of bio-adversity’. Courier-Mail, 8 November.
Ryan, S. 2000. ‘Farmers face $240M clearing bill’. Courier-Mail, 12 September.
Shanahan, E. A., McBeth, M. K., Hathaway, P. L. and Arnell, R. J. 2008. ‘Conduit or contributor? The role of media in policy change theory’. Policy Sciences 41, 115–38.
Soroka, S. N., Farnsworth, S., Lawlor, A. and Young, L. 2012. ‘Mass media and policy-making’. In E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh and X. Wu (eds), Routledge handbook of public policy. New York: Routledge, pp. 204–14.
State of the Environment Advisory Council (1996). Australia state of the environment. Melbourne: CSIRO.
Sullivan, M. 2012. ‘He said, she said, and the truth’. New York Times, 16 September.
Taylor, M. F. J. 2015. Bushland destruction rapidly increasing in Queensland. Sydney: World Wide Fund for Nature Australia.
Voltmer, K. and Koch-Baumgarten, S. 2010. ‘Introduction: Mass media and public policy — is there a link?’ in S. Koch-Baumgarten and K. Voltmer (eds), Public policy and the mass media: The interplay of mass communication and political decision making. New York: Routledge, pp. 1–13.
Zelizer, B. 2014. ‘Memory as foreground, journalism as background’. In B. Zelizer and K. Tenenboim-Weinblatt (eds), Journalism and memory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 32–49.