Commentary: 'Just the tip of the iceberg'

Queensland's experience of the influenza pandemic of 1918–20

Authors

  • Patrick Hodgson James Cook University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1017/qre.2020.13

Keywords:

influenza epidemic, 1919-1920, Queensland

Abstract

This article provides a synopsis of the spread of epidemic influenza throughout Queensland in 1919–20. Statewide the story was, to a greater or lesser extent, the same – regardless of occupation or whether one was from the city or the bush, on the coast or in the far west, no one was immune; even being 300 kilometres from the nearest epicentre of the outbreak was no guarantee of safety. An examination of the state’s newspapers, particularly the Brisbane Courier, makes it evident that outbreaks of influenza erupted almost simultaneously throughout the state. Aided and abetted by Queensland’s network of railways and coastal shipping, together with the crowding of people at country shows, race meetings and celebrations of the formal conclusion of World War I, the disease was swiftly diffused throughout the state. This article hopes to give the reader a sense of how the sheer scale and urgency of the crisis at times overwhelmed authorities and communities.

Author Biography

  • Patrick Hodgson, James Cook University

    Patrick Hodgson is affiliated with James Cook University and is a member of the Professional Historians Association of Queensland. Patrick holds a PhD and Bachelor of Arts (Hons I) in History, Graduate Diploma in Secondary Education, and a University Medal. His 2017 doctoral dissertation, ‘Flu, Society and the State: The Political, Social and Economic Implications of the 1918-1920 Influenza Pandemic in Queensland’, has been downloaded over 4300 times across 88 countries world-wide. More than two-thirds of that number has occurred since the COVID-19 pandemic was declared in March 2020. Patrick has appeared on national television and radio as well as in print and social media in bringing to focus the importance of the Spanish Flu in public memory.

References

The quote in the title comes from Dr Parry, quoted in Brisbane Courier, 6 June 1919, 7

Brisbane Courier, 18 February 1919, 7.

F. M. Burnet and Elle Clark, Influenza: A survey of the last fifty years (Melbourne: Macmillan, 1942), p. 188; John M. Last (ed.), Maxcy-Rosenau preventative medicine and public health (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1980).

Alfred W. Crosby, Epidemic and peace: 1918 (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1976), p. 192; Sandra M. Tomkins, ‘The influenza epidemic of 1918–19 in Western Samoa’, The Journal of Pacific History 27(2) (1992), 181. Niall Johnson and Juergen Mueller, ‘Updating the accounts: Global mortality of the 1918–1920 “Spanish” influenza pandemic’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76(1) (2002), 105–15.

Victor Vaughan, quoted in John Barry, The great influenza: The epic story of the deadliest plague in history (New York: Penguin, 2004), p. 365.

Brisbane Courier, 3 May 1919.

Dr Harris quoted in Brisbane Courier, 28 May 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 16 May 1919, 7.

Dr Freshney, quoted in Brisbane Courier, 3 June 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 23 May 1919, 7; Brisbane Courier, 28 May 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 5 June 1919, 7–8.

Brisbane Courier, 7 June 1919, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 10 June 1919, 8; Brisbane Courier, 13 June 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 7 June 1919, 6; Brisbane Courier, 11 June 1919, 7–8. Western Star and Roma Advertiser, 11 June 1919, 2.

Queenslander, 24 May 1919, 40.

Darling Downs Gazette, 17 and 22 May 1919, 5; Darling Downs Gazette, 23 May 1919, 6. Northern Miner, 23 May 1919, 3; Northern Miner, 24 May 1919, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 31 May 1919, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 4 June 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 20 May 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 31 May 1919, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 6 June 1919, 7.

Murgon Record, cited in Brisbane Courier, 7 June 1919, 5.

Brisbane Courier, 9 May 1919, 9.

Morning Bulletin, 5 June 1919, 9.

Brisbane Courier, 9 June 1919, 8.

Brisbane Courier, 21 May 1919, 8.

Brisbane Courier, 23 May 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 23 May 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 21 June 1919, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 23 May 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 10 June 1919, 7–8; Brisbane Courier, 26 June 1919, 8; Brisbane Courier, 4 July 1919, 9.

Brisbane Courier, 30 May 1919, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 3 June 1919, 7–8.

Brisbane Courier, 15 June 1919, 7–8.

Brisbane Courier, 17 June 1919, 7–8

Brisbane Courier, 28 May 1919, 7.

Northern Miner, 24 June 1919, 4.

Brisbane Courier, 24 June, p. 8; Brisbane Courier, 27 June 1919, 8.

Daily Mercury, 21 May 1919, 5.

Brisbane Courier, 22 May 1919, 8; Brisbane Courier, 28 May 1919, 7. With the quarantine restrictions placed on shipping, a few individuals were prepared to pay the high fares charged to be conveyed overland.

Brisbane Courier, 3 June 1919, 7–8.

Brisbane Courier, 21 June 1919, 6; Brisbane Courier, 23 June 1919, 8. Moriarty’s husband resided at Murwillumbah in New South Wales.

Brisbane Courier, 26 June 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 29 August 1919, 8.

The Paringa alone had 37 cases.

Brisbane Courier, 28 May 1919, 8.

Brisbane Courier, 30 May 1919, 7.

Brisbane Courier, 31 May 1919, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 7 June 1919, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 10 June 1919, 9.

Brisbane Courier, 14 August 1919, 6.

Cairns Post, 7 June 1919, 4.

Brisbane Courier, 9 June 1919, 7–8.

Brisbane Courier, 13 September 1919, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 9 February 1920, 6.

Brisbane Courier, 12 February 1920, 7. ‘Coloured people’ was a euphemism to distinguish the Japanese.

Brisbane Courier, 11 and 12 February 1920, 7; Brisbane Courier, 13 February 1920, 4. Medical Journal of Australia, 1(17) (24 April 1920), p. 400; Queensland, Parliament (1921), Annual report of the Aboriginals Department 1920, Parl. Paper, Vol. II: 557–64, Brisbane, p. 559.

Brisbane Courier, 13 February 1920, 4.

Cairns Post, 23 February 1920, 5.

Gordon Briscoe, Queensland Aborigines and the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1996).

Published

2020-12-01

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Hodgson, P. (2020). Commentary: ’Just the tip of the iceberg’: Queensland’s experience of the influenza pandemic of 1918–20. Queensland Review, 27(2), 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1017/qre.2020.13