Constructed Dialogue as Hermeneutic in Small Group Bible Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/post.20360Keywords:
Bible study, American Evangelicalism, lay Bible interpretation, small group reading practices,Abstract
Modern-day readers of the Bible continually strive to bridge what Malley (2004) terms the “historical” and “devotional” horizons of the text: to understand the scriptures contextually and to discern their relevance for daily life. Through a discourse analysis of a contemporary American Bible study’s weekly conversations, this investigation reveals a particular discursive strategy, that of animating the voice of biblical characters, as a powerful hermeneutic tool in rendering the ancient text more intelligible and relatable. Voicing biblical characters, an instance of what Tannen (2007) terms “constructed dialogue,” enables contemporary readers to posit different inner mental states, motivations and attitudes of biblical characters which explain their actions while also rendering the narrative more vivid. Additionally, constructed dialogue enables readers to perform potential explanations for troublesome passages without claiming assent to them.
References
Bakhtin, Mikhail. 1984. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics (C. Emerson, Trans.). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Bielo, James. 2009. Words upon the Word: An Ethnography of Evangelical group Bible Study. New York: New York University Press.
———. 2011. “‘How much of this is promise?’: God as sincere speaker in Evangelical Bible reading.” Anthropological Quarterly 84(3), 631–653. https://doi.org/10.1353/anq.2011.0043
Clark, Herbert and Gerrig, Richard. 1990. “Quotations as demonstrations.” Language 66(4), 764–805. https://doi.org/10.2307/414729
Clift, Rebecca. 2006. “Indexing stance: Reported speech as an interactional evidential.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 10(5), 569–595. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2006.00296.x
Duranti, Alessandro. 2003. “The voice of the audience in contemporary American political discourse.” In Linguistics, Language, and the Real World: Discourse and Beyond: Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 2001, edited by Deborah Tannen and James Alatis, 114–134. Washington, DC: Georgetown University.
Gumperz, John. 1982. Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Harding, Susan. 1987. “Convicted by the Holy Spirit: The rhetoric of Fundamental Baptist conversion.” American Ethnologist 14(1), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1987.14.1.02a00100
Hill, Jane and Irvine, Judith (Eds.). 1993. Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Holt, Elizabeth. 1996. “Reporting on talk: The use of direct reported speech in conversation.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 29(3), 219–245. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi2903_2
Kraut, Joshua. 2019. “The Polyphonic pastor: Two levels of constructed dialogue in conversation.” Language and Dialogue 9(3), 418–443. https://doi.org/10.1075/ld.00050.kra
Lehtinen, Esa. 2005. “Achieved similarity: Describing experience in Seventh-day Adventist Bible study.” Text 25(3), 341–371. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.2005.25.3.341
Luhrmann, Tanya. 2012. When God Talks Back: Understanding the American Evangelical Relationship with God (1st ed). New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Malley, Brian. 2004. How the Bible Works: An Anthropological Study of Evangelical Biblicism. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Nissi, Riikka. 2013. “Decrypting the text: The construction and function of disagreement in Bible study sessions.” Text & Talk 33(6), 771–791. https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2013-0033
Pew Research Center. 2015. “U.S. public becoming less religious.” 3 November. https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/
Rogers, Andrew. 2016. Congregational Hermeneutics. Burlington, PA: Ashgate.
Sacks, Harvey. 1992. Lectures on Conversation. Edited by Gail Jefferson (Vol. 1). Oxford: Blackwell.
Smirnova, Alla. 2012. “Argumentative use of reported speech in British newspaper discourse.” Text & Talk 32(2), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2012-0012
Tannen, Deborah. 1981. “New York Jewish conversational style.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 30: 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1981.30.133
———. 2007. Talking Voices: Repetition, Dialogue, and Imagery in Conversational Discourse (2nd ed). Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tannen, Deborah and Wallat, Cynthia. 1987. “Interactive frames and knowledge schemas in interaction: Examples from a medical examination/interview.” Social Psychology Quarterly 50(2), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786752
Wooffitt, Robin. 1992. Telling Tales of the Unexpected: The Organisation of Factual Discourse. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Wuthnow, Robert. 1994. Sharing the Journey: Support Groups and America’s New Quest for Community. New York: Free Press.