Interdisciplinary influences on family mediation
A chronicle of colonisation foretold?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/mtp.28819Keywords:
ADR, negotiation, mediation, family mediation, interdisciplinary scholarship, practiceAbstract
This article contrasts the interdisciplinary enrichment of mediation as a subject of scholarly study with the often distorting even damaging interdisciplinary influences on mediation, family mediation in the UK in particular, as a practice intervention. The article identifies four historical phases of disciplinary influence over the evolutionary development of family mediation from the early welfare and therapeutic influences to those more recent pressures arising from legal practice and from the legal system itself. The article raises current concerns about the detrimental impact these pressures are having on the integrity of mediation practice in providing a genuinely alternative dispute resolution process with distinctive process and outcome benefits for the public. The article argues that lacking conceptual clarity and coherence provided by the rich interdisciplinary body of twentieth-century mediation theory and scholarship, mediation practice becomes vulnerable, unable not only to resist distorting, damaging and even destructive pressures but even to recognise them.
References
Amundsen, J. K. and Fong, L. S. (1993) She prefers her aesthetics; he prefers his pragmatics: a response to Roberts and Haynes. Mediation Quarterly 11(2): 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.3900110211
Ap Cynan, R. (2013) Where have all the clients gone? Family Law 43:1095–1096.
Auerbach, J. S. (1983) Justice without Law? Resolving Disputes Without Lawyers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ballard, R. H. (2013) A randomized controlled trial of child informed mediation. Psychology, Public Policy and Law 19(3): 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033274
Bar Council (2013) Response to The Civil Mediation Council and Accreditation Consultation Paper. May. London: Alternative Dispute Resolution Committee of the Bar Council, General Council of the Bar.
Barlow, A., Hunter, R., Smithson, J., and Ewing, J. (2014) Mapping Paths to Family Justice, Briefing Paper & Report on Key Findings. Exeter: University of Exeter.
Beldam, Lord Justice (1991) A Report of the Committee on Alternative Dispute Resolution. October. London: General Council of the Bar.
Birnbaum, R. (2009) The Voice of the Child in Separation/Divorce Mediation and Other Alternative Dispute Resolution Processes: A Literature Review. Research Report, June. Ottawa: Department of Justice (Canada).
Bush, R. A. B. and Folger, J. P. (2005) The Promise of Mediation: The Transformative Approach to Conflict. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Campbell, D., Draper, R. and Huffington, C. (1989) Second Thoughts on the Theory and Practice of the Milan Approach to Family Therapy. London: DC Associates.
Charbonneau, P. (2001) How practical is theory? In J. P. Folger and R. A. B. Bush (eds) Designing Mediation: Approaches to Training and Practice within a Transformative Framework 37–49. New York: Institute for the Study of Conflict Transformation.
Cockett, M. and Tripp, J. (1994) The Exeter Family Study: Family Breakdown and its Impact on Children. Exeter: University of Exeter Press.
College of Mediators (2006a) Domestic Abuse Screening Policy. Bristol: College of Mediators.
College of Mediators (2006b) Children, Young People and Family Mediation: Policy and Practice Guidelines. Bristol: College of Mediators.
College of Mediators (2008) Code of Practice for Mediators 6(10). Bristol: College of Mediators.
Conciliation Project Unit (1989) Report to the Lord Chancellor on the Costs and Effectiveness of Conciliation in England and Wales. London: Lord Chancellor’s Department.
Dallos, R. and Draper, R. (2010) An Introduction to Family Therapy: Systemic Theory and Practice (3rd edn). Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Davis, G. and Roberts, M. (1988) Access to Agreement: A Consumer Study of Mediation in Family Disputes. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Davis, G. et al. (2000) Monitoring Publicly Funded Family Mediation. Final Report to the Legal Services Commission. London: Legal Services Commission.
De Girolamo, D. (2013) The Fugitive Identity of Mediation: Negotiations, Shift Changes and Allusionary Action. Abingdon: Routledge.
Deutsch, M. (1973) The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Douglas, A. (1962) Industrial Peacemaking. New York: Columbia University Press.
Effron, J. (1989) Alternatives to litigation: factors in choosing. Modern Law Review 52(4): 480–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1989.tb02610.x
Family Justice Review (2011) Final Report. November. London: Ministry of Justice.
Family Mediation Council (2010) Code of Practice for Family Mediators 5(3). London: Family Mediation Council.
Fisher, T. (ed) (1992) Family Conciliation within the UK: Policy and Practice (2nd edn). Bristol: Family Law.
Fuller, L. L. (1971) Mediation – its forms and functions. Southern California Law Review 44: 305–39.
Garwood, F. (1989) Children in Conciliation: A Study of the Involvement of Children in Conciliation by the Lothian Family Mediation Service. Edinburgh: Scottish Association of Family Conciliation Services.
Goldson, J. (2006) ‘Hello, I’m a Voice, Let Me Talk’: Child Inclusive Mediation in Family Separation. Innovative Practice Report no. 1/06, December. Auckland: Centre for Child and Family Policy Research, Auckland University.
Gulliver, P. H. (1979) Disputes and Negotiations: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. New York: Academic Press.
Haynes, J. (1992) Mediation and therapy: an alternative view. Mediation Quarterly 10(1): 21–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.3900100104
Haynes, J. (1993) The Fundamentals of Family Mediation. London: Old Bailey Press.
Howard, J. and Shepherd, G. (1987) Conciliation, Children and Divorce: A Family Systems Approach. London: B. T. Batsford.
Howe, D. (1989) The Consumers’ View of Family Therapy. Aldershot: Gower.
Hunt, J. with Roberts, C. (2004) Child Contact with Non-resident Parents. Family Policy Briefing 3, January. Oxford: University of Oxford.
Kelly, J. B. (2004) Family mediation research: is there empirical support for the field? Conflict Resolution Quarterly 22(1–2): 3–35.
Kelly, J. B. and Emery, R. E. (2003) Children’s adjustment following divorce: risk and resilience perspectives. Family Relations 52: 352–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00352.x
King, M. (1997) Representing the interests of child victims of divorce – to what end? Family Mediation 7(3): 7–8.
King, M. (2007) The right decision for the child. Modern Law Review 70(5): 859–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00667.x
King, M. and Trowell, J. (1992) Children’s Welfare and the Law: The Limits of Legal Intervention. London: Sage Publications.
Kressel, K. (1985) The Process of Divorce. New York: Basic Books.
Kressel, K., Henderson, T., Reich, W. and Cohen, C. (2012) Multidimensional analysis of conflict mediator style. Conflict Resolution Quarterly 30(2): 135–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21061
Law Society (1993) Guide to the Professional Conduct of Solicitors (Principle 11.01). London: Law Society.
Law Society (2002) Family Law Protocol. London: Law Society.
Lester, S. (2014) Professional organisation and self-regulation in family mediation in England and Wales: part 3 – issues, implications and future challenges. Family Law 44: 1610–13.
Lund, M. (1984) Research on divorce and children. Family Law 14: 198–201.
Maccoby, E. A. and Mnookin, R. H. (1992) Dividing the Child: Social and Legal Dilemmas of Custody. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Maclean, M. (2014) The changing professional landscape. Family Law 44: 177–82.
McCrory, J. P. (1985) The mediation process. Paper presented at the SE London Family Mediation Bureau Conference, Bromley, Kent, April.
McCrory, J. P. (1988) Confidentiality in mediation (conciliation) of matrimonial disputes. Modern Law Review 51(4): 442–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1988.tb01766.x
McGuigan, R. and McMechan, S. (2005) Integral conflict analysis: a comprehensive quadrant analysis of an organizational conflict. Conflict Resolution Quarterly 22(3): 349–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.107
McIntosh, J., Smyth, B., Kelaher, M., Wells, Y. and Long, C. (2011) Post-separation parenting arrangements: patterns and developmental outcomes: studies of two risk groups. Family Matters Australian Institute of Family Studies Journal 86: 40–48.
Meyer, A. S. (1960) Functions of the mediator in collective bargaining. Industrial and Labour Relations Review 13: 159–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979396001300201
Ministry of Justice (2015) Voice of the Child Dispute Resolution Advisory Group: Executive Summary. Final report, March. London: Ministry of Justice.
Moore, C. W. (1996) The Mediation Process: Practical Strategies for Resolving Conflict (2nd edn). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Morris, P. (2013) LASPO, mediation and the role of the PPC. Family Law 43: 890–93.
Murch, M. and Hooper, D. (1992) The Family Justice System. Bristol: Family Law.
National Family Mediation (1994) Giving Children a Voice in Mediation. London: NFM.
O’Quigley, A. (1999) Listening to Children’s Views and Representing Their Best Interests. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Parkinson, L. (2011) Family Mediation: Appropriate Dispute Resolution in a New Family Justice System (2nd edn). Bristol: Jordans Family Law.
Princen, T. (1992) Intermediaries in International Conflict. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rifkin, J. (1994) The Practitioner’s Dilemma. In J. P. Folger and T. S. Jones (eds) New Directions in Mediation 204–8. London: Sage Publications.
Riskin, L. (1984) Towards new standards for the neutral lawyer in mediation. Arizona Law Review 26: 330–62.
Roberts, M. (1992) Systems or selves? Some ethical issues in family mediation. Mediation Quarterly 10(1): 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.3900100103
Roberts, M. (2007) Developing the Craft of Mediation: Reflections on Theory and Practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Roberts, M. (2014) Mediation in Family Disputes: Principles of Practice (4th edn). Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
Roberts, M. (2015) Children and mediation: a response to the Ministry of Justice report on The Voice of the Child in Dispute Resolution. Family Law 45: 1531–6.
Roberts, S. A. (1992) Mediation in the lawyers’ embrace. Modern Law Review 55(3): 258–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1992.tb01874.x
Roberts, S. A. (1993) Mediation and the family justice system. Family Mediation 3(1): 5–7.
Roberts, S. A. (2002) Institutionalised settlement in England: a contemporary panorama Willamette Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution 10: 17–35.
Roberts, S. A. and Palmer, M. (2005) Dispute Processes: ADR and the Primary Forms of Decision- Making (2nd edn). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805295
Rudd, B. N., Ogle, R. K., Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Applegate, A. G. and D’Onofrio, B. M. (2015) Child informed mediation study follow-up: comparing different types of family mediation. Psychology, Public Policy and Law 21(4): 452–7. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000046
Saposnek, D. T. (1983) Mediating Child Custody Disputes: A Systemic Guide for Family Therapists, Court Counsellors, Attorneys and Judges. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Silbey, S. S. and Merry, S. E. (1986) Mediator settlement strategies. Law and Policy 8(1): 7–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9930.1986.tb00368.x
Simmel, G. ([1908]1950) The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press. SPIDR Commission (1989) Qualifying Neutrals: The Basic Principles. Washington, DC: National Institute for Dispute Resolution.
Stenelo, L.-G. (1972) Mediation in International Negotiations. Malmö: Nordens Boktryckeri.
Trinder, L., Beek, M. and Connolly, J. (2002) Making Contact: How Parents and Children Negotiate and Experience Contact after Divorce. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Wade, A. and Smart, C. (2002) Facing Family Change: Children’s Circumstances, Strategies and Resources. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Walker, J. (1988) Divorce and conciliation: a family therapy perspective. In E. Street and W. Dryden (eds) Family Therapy in Britain 240–69. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Walker, J. and Lake-Carroll, A. (2014) Hearing the voices of children and young people in dispute resolution processes: promoting a child-inclusive approach. Family Law 44: 1577–85.
Walker, J. and Robinson, M. (1992) Conciliation and family therapy. In T. Fisher (ed.) Family Conciliation in the UK: Policy and Practice 61–6. Bristol: Jordan & Sons.
Wallerstein, J. and Kelly, J. B. (1980) Surviving the Breakup. London: Grant McIntyre.
Walrond-Skinner, S. (1976) Family Therapy: The Treatment of Natural Systems. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Watson, D. (1987) Family Therapy, attachment theory and general systems theory: separation may be no loss. In S. Walrond Skinner and D. Watson (eds) Ethical Issues in Family Therapy 17–34. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Winslade, J. and Monk, G. (2001) Narrative Mediation: A New Approach to Conflict Resolution. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Woolf, Lord (1996) Final Report to the Lord Chancellor on the Civil Justice System of England and Wales. London: HMSO.
Ap Cynan, R. (2013) Where have all the clients gone? Family Law 43:1095–1096.
Auerbach, J. S. (1983) Justice without Law? Resolving Disputes Without Lawyers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ballard, R. H. (2013) A randomized controlled trial of child informed mediation. Psychology, Public Policy and Law 19(3): 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033274
Bar Council (2013) Response to The Civil Mediation Council and Accreditation Consultation Paper. May. London: Alternative Dispute Resolution Committee of the Bar Council, General Council of the Bar.
Barlow, A., Hunter, R., Smithson, J., and Ewing, J. (2014) Mapping Paths to Family Justice, Briefing Paper & Report on Key Findings. Exeter: University of Exeter.
Beldam, Lord Justice (1991) A Report of the Committee on Alternative Dispute Resolution. October. London: General Council of the Bar.
Birnbaum, R. (2009) The Voice of the Child in Separation/Divorce Mediation and Other Alternative Dispute Resolution Processes: A Literature Review. Research Report, June. Ottawa: Department of Justice (Canada).
Bush, R. A. B. and Folger, J. P. (2005) The Promise of Mediation: The Transformative Approach to Conflict. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Campbell, D., Draper, R. and Huffington, C. (1989) Second Thoughts on the Theory and Practice of the Milan Approach to Family Therapy. London: DC Associates.
Charbonneau, P. (2001) How practical is theory? In J. P. Folger and R. A. B. Bush (eds) Designing Mediation: Approaches to Training and Practice within a Transformative Framework 37–49. New York: Institute for the Study of Conflict Transformation.
Cockett, M. and Tripp, J. (1994) The Exeter Family Study: Family Breakdown and its Impact on Children. Exeter: University of Exeter Press.
College of Mediators (2006a) Domestic Abuse Screening Policy. Bristol: College of Mediators.
College of Mediators (2006b) Children, Young People and Family Mediation: Policy and Practice Guidelines. Bristol: College of Mediators.
College of Mediators (2008) Code of Practice for Mediators 6(10). Bristol: College of Mediators.
Conciliation Project Unit (1989) Report to the Lord Chancellor on the Costs and Effectiveness of Conciliation in England and Wales. London: Lord Chancellor’s Department.
Dallos, R. and Draper, R. (2010) An Introduction to Family Therapy: Systemic Theory and Practice (3rd edn). Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Davis, G. and Roberts, M. (1988) Access to Agreement: A Consumer Study of Mediation in Family Disputes. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Davis, G. et al. (2000) Monitoring Publicly Funded Family Mediation. Final Report to the Legal Services Commission. London: Legal Services Commission.
De Girolamo, D. (2013) The Fugitive Identity of Mediation: Negotiations, Shift Changes and Allusionary Action. Abingdon: Routledge.
Deutsch, M. (1973) The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Douglas, A. (1962) Industrial Peacemaking. New York: Columbia University Press.
Effron, J. (1989) Alternatives to litigation: factors in choosing. Modern Law Review 52(4): 480–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1989.tb02610.x
Family Justice Review (2011) Final Report. November. London: Ministry of Justice.
Family Mediation Council (2010) Code of Practice for Family Mediators 5(3). London: Family Mediation Council.
Fisher, T. (ed) (1992) Family Conciliation within the UK: Policy and Practice (2nd edn). Bristol: Family Law.
Fuller, L. L. (1971) Mediation – its forms and functions. Southern California Law Review 44: 305–39.
Garwood, F. (1989) Children in Conciliation: A Study of the Involvement of Children in Conciliation by the Lothian Family Mediation Service. Edinburgh: Scottish Association of Family Conciliation Services.
Goldson, J. (2006) ‘Hello, I’m a Voice, Let Me Talk’: Child Inclusive Mediation in Family Separation. Innovative Practice Report no. 1/06, December. Auckland: Centre for Child and Family Policy Research, Auckland University.
Gulliver, P. H. (1979) Disputes and Negotiations: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. New York: Academic Press.
Haynes, J. (1992) Mediation and therapy: an alternative view. Mediation Quarterly 10(1): 21–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.3900100104
Haynes, J. (1993) The Fundamentals of Family Mediation. London: Old Bailey Press.
Howard, J. and Shepherd, G. (1987) Conciliation, Children and Divorce: A Family Systems Approach. London: B. T. Batsford.
Howe, D. (1989) The Consumers’ View of Family Therapy. Aldershot: Gower.
Hunt, J. with Roberts, C. (2004) Child Contact with Non-resident Parents. Family Policy Briefing 3, January. Oxford: University of Oxford.
Kelly, J. B. (2004) Family mediation research: is there empirical support for the field? Conflict Resolution Quarterly 22(1–2): 3–35.
Kelly, J. B. and Emery, R. E. (2003) Children’s adjustment following divorce: risk and resilience perspectives. Family Relations 52: 352–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00352.x
King, M. (1997) Representing the interests of child victims of divorce – to what end? Family Mediation 7(3): 7–8.
King, M. (2007) The right decision for the child. Modern Law Review 70(5): 859–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00667.x
King, M. and Trowell, J. (1992) Children’s Welfare and the Law: The Limits of Legal Intervention. London: Sage Publications.
Kressel, K. (1985) The Process of Divorce. New York: Basic Books.
Kressel, K., Henderson, T., Reich, W. and Cohen, C. (2012) Multidimensional analysis of conflict mediator style. Conflict Resolution Quarterly 30(2): 135–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21061
Law Society (1993) Guide to the Professional Conduct of Solicitors (Principle 11.01). London: Law Society.
Law Society (2002) Family Law Protocol. London: Law Society.
Lester, S. (2014) Professional organisation and self-regulation in family mediation in England and Wales: part 3 – issues, implications and future challenges. Family Law 44: 1610–13.
Lund, M. (1984) Research on divorce and children. Family Law 14: 198–201.
Maccoby, E. A. and Mnookin, R. H. (1992) Dividing the Child: Social and Legal Dilemmas of Custody. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Maclean, M. (2014) The changing professional landscape. Family Law 44: 177–82.
McCrory, J. P. (1985) The mediation process. Paper presented at the SE London Family Mediation Bureau Conference, Bromley, Kent, April.
McCrory, J. P. (1988) Confidentiality in mediation (conciliation) of matrimonial disputes. Modern Law Review 51(4): 442–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1988.tb01766.x
McGuigan, R. and McMechan, S. (2005) Integral conflict analysis: a comprehensive quadrant analysis of an organizational conflict. Conflict Resolution Quarterly 22(3): 349–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.107
McIntosh, J., Smyth, B., Kelaher, M., Wells, Y. and Long, C. (2011) Post-separation parenting arrangements: patterns and developmental outcomes: studies of two risk groups. Family Matters Australian Institute of Family Studies Journal 86: 40–48.
Meyer, A. S. (1960) Functions of the mediator in collective bargaining. Industrial and Labour Relations Review 13: 159–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979396001300201
Ministry of Justice (2015) Voice of the Child Dispute Resolution Advisory Group: Executive Summary. Final report, March. London: Ministry of Justice.
Moore, C. W. (1996) The Mediation Process: Practical Strategies for Resolving Conflict (2nd edn). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Morris, P. (2013) LASPO, mediation and the role of the PPC. Family Law 43: 890–93.
Murch, M. and Hooper, D. (1992) The Family Justice System. Bristol: Family Law.
National Family Mediation (1994) Giving Children a Voice in Mediation. London: NFM.
O’Quigley, A. (1999) Listening to Children’s Views and Representing Their Best Interests. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Parkinson, L. (2011) Family Mediation: Appropriate Dispute Resolution in a New Family Justice System (2nd edn). Bristol: Jordans Family Law.
Princen, T. (1992) Intermediaries in International Conflict. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rifkin, J. (1994) The Practitioner’s Dilemma. In J. P. Folger and T. S. Jones (eds) New Directions in Mediation 204–8. London: Sage Publications.
Riskin, L. (1984) Towards new standards for the neutral lawyer in mediation. Arizona Law Review 26: 330–62.
Roberts, M. (1992) Systems or selves? Some ethical issues in family mediation. Mediation Quarterly 10(1): 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.3900100103
Roberts, M. (2007) Developing the Craft of Mediation: Reflections on Theory and Practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Roberts, M. (2014) Mediation in Family Disputes: Principles of Practice (4th edn). Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
Roberts, M. (2015) Children and mediation: a response to the Ministry of Justice report on The Voice of the Child in Dispute Resolution. Family Law 45: 1531–6.
Roberts, S. A. (1992) Mediation in the lawyers’ embrace. Modern Law Review 55(3): 258–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1992.tb01874.x
Roberts, S. A. (1993) Mediation and the family justice system. Family Mediation 3(1): 5–7.
Roberts, S. A. (2002) Institutionalised settlement in England: a contemporary panorama Willamette Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution 10: 17–35.
Roberts, S. A. and Palmer, M. (2005) Dispute Processes: ADR and the Primary Forms of Decision- Making (2nd edn). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805295
Rudd, B. N., Ogle, R. K., Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Applegate, A. G. and D’Onofrio, B. M. (2015) Child informed mediation study follow-up: comparing different types of family mediation. Psychology, Public Policy and Law 21(4): 452–7. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000046
Saposnek, D. T. (1983) Mediating Child Custody Disputes: A Systemic Guide for Family Therapists, Court Counsellors, Attorneys and Judges. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Silbey, S. S. and Merry, S. E. (1986) Mediator settlement strategies. Law and Policy 8(1): 7–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9930.1986.tb00368.x
Simmel, G. ([1908]1950) The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press. SPIDR Commission (1989) Qualifying Neutrals: The Basic Principles. Washington, DC: National Institute for Dispute Resolution.
Stenelo, L.-G. (1972) Mediation in International Negotiations. Malmö: Nordens Boktryckeri.
Trinder, L., Beek, M. and Connolly, J. (2002) Making Contact: How Parents and Children Negotiate and Experience Contact after Divorce. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Wade, A. and Smart, C. (2002) Facing Family Change: Children’s Circumstances, Strategies and Resources. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Walker, J. (1988) Divorce and conciliation: a family therapy perspective. In E. Street and W. Dryden (eds) Family Therapy in Britain 240–69. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Walker, J. and Lake-Carroll, A. (2014) Hearing the voices of children and young people in dispute resolution processes: promoting a child-inclusive approach. Family Law 44: 1577–85.
Walker, J. and Robinson, M. (1992) Conciliation and family therapy. In T. Fisher (ed.) Family Conciliation in the UK: Policy and Practice 61–6. Bristol: Jordan & Sons.
Wallerstein, J. and Kelly, J. B. (1980) Surviving the Breakup. London: Grant McIntyre.
Walrond-Skinner, S. (1976) Family Therapy: The Treatment of Natural Systems. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Watson, D. (1987) Family Therapy, attachment theory and general systems theory: separation may be no loss. In S. Walrond Skinner and D. Watson (eds) Ethical Issues in Family Therapy 17–34. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Winslade, J. and Monk, G. (2001) Narrative Mediation: A New Approach to Conflict Resolution. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Woolf, Lord (1996) Final Report to the Lord Chancellor on the Civil Justice System of England and Wales. London: HMSO.
Published
2017-01-16
Issue
Section
Practice Articles
How to Cite
Roberts, M. (2017). Interdisciplinary influences on family mediation: A chronicle of colonisation foretold?. Mediation Theory and Practice, 1(2), 211-231. https://doi.org/10.1558/mtp.28819
