Online Confessions of Eco-Guilt
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.v8i1.64Keywords:
confession, eco-guilt, online, nature religion, ritualAbstract
People whose environmental concern is dominated by the impact of everyday activities such as buying and consuming food, transportation, and using water, those I name ‘everyday environmentalists’, discuss these activities online in blogs, discussion boards, and the comments sections of major news articles. In these forums, everyday environmentalists often describe their failure to live up to their own environmental standards for personal behavior using terms such as ‘guilt’ or ‘eco-sin’. This terminology, their focus on their moral and existential crises regarding their perceived sin, and the emerging patterns of responses to such confessions indicate that the framework of ‘nature religion’ can aid our understanding of this phenomenon. Such analysis suggests that a new online religious-like ritual regarding eco-confession is emerging among everyday environmentalists. Analyzing the actions of everyday environmentalists through the lens of nature religions does, however, stretch the concept of nature religion and raise questions about the online practices of everyday environmentalists.References
Albanese, Catherine L. 1990. Nature Religion in America: From the Algonkian Indians to the New Age (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
———. 2002. Reconsidering Nature Religion: Rockwell Lecture Series (ed. Gerald P. McKenny; Harrisburg: Trinity Press International).
———. 2007. America: Religions and Religion (Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth, 4th edn).
Asma, Stephen T. 2010. ‘Green Guilt’, Chronicle of Higher Education, January 10. Online: http://chronicle.com/article/Green-Guilt/63447/.
Bassett, Elizabeth H., and Kate O’Riordan. 2002. ‘Ethics of Internet Research: Contesting the Human Subjects Research Model’, Ethics and Information Technology 4: 223-47. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021319125207.
Beaven, Zuleika, and Chantal Laws. 2007. ‘Never Let Me Down Again: Loyal Customer Attitudes toward Ticket Distribution Channels for Live Music Events: A Netnographic Exploration of the US Leg of the Depeche Mode 2005–2006 World Tour’, Managing Leisure 12.2/3: 120-42. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13606710701339322.
Bell, Catherine. 1997. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions (New York: Oxford University Press).
Bruckman, Amy. 2006. ‘Teaching Students to Study Online Communities Ethically’, Journal of Information Ethics (Fall): 82-98. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3172/JIE.15.2.82.
Campbell, Heidi. 2005. ‘Spiritualising the Internet: Uncovering Discourses and Narratives of Religious Internet Usage’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 1.1: 1-26.
———. 2010. When Religion Meets New Media (London/New York: Routledge).
Cowan, Douglas E. 2005. ‘Online U-Topia: Cyberspace and the Mythology of Placelessness’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 44.3: 257-63.
Cowan, Douglas E., and Jeffrey K. Hadden. 2004. ‘Virtually Religious: New Religious Movements and the World Wide Web’, in James R. Lewis (ed.), Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements (Oxford: Oxford University Press): 119-40.
Crislip, Kathleen. N.d. ‘Carbon Offsets on Planes and Green Travel Guilt: Or How I’m Glad I Learned to Love the Bus’. Online: http://studenttravel.about.com/od/greentravel/qt/Green-Travel-Guilt.htm.
Dahl, Darren W., Heather Honea, and Rajesh V. Manchanda. 2003. ‘The Nature of Self-Reported Guilt in Consumption Contexts’, Marketing Letters 14.3: 159-71. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027492516677.
Delingpole, James. 2011. ‘Eco-Guilt Off the School Curriculum? About Time’, The Telegraph. Online: http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/jamesdelingpole/100092215/eco-guilt-off-the-school-curriculum-about-time/.
Fahrenthold, David A. 2008. ‘There’s a Gold Mine in Environmental Guilt’, The Washington Post, October 6.
Flesher, Jared. 2009. ‘A Decline in “Green Guilt”’, New York Times, April 21.
Goetz, Jennifer L., and Dacher Keltner. 2007. ‘Shifting Meanings of Self-Conscious Emotions across Cultures: A Social-Functional Approach’, in Jessica L. Tracy, Richard W. Robins, and June Price Tangney (eds.), The Self-Conscious Emotions: Theory and Research (New York: Guilford Press): 153-73.
‘Greve’. 2010. ‘Environmental Guilt’. Online: http://www.myccr.com/phpbbforum/viewtopic.php?f=21&t=35530& sid=58d741c1613d21a763b3ac4a3e76d4f6.
‘Gwen’. 2009a. ‘Clean Slate’. Online: http://greenguiltblog.com/2009/01/05/cleanslate/#more-285.
———. 2009b. ‘My Agenda’. Online: Greenguiltblog.com/my-agenda/.
Hall, David D. (ed.). 1997. Lived Religion in America: Toward a History of Practice (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
Helland, Christopher. 2000. ‘Online-Religion/Religion-Online and Virtual Communities’, in Jeffrey K. Hadden and Douglas E. Cowan (ed.), Religion on the Internet (New York: JAI Press): 205-23.
———. 2005. ‘Online Religion as Lived Religion: Methodological Issues in the Study of Religious Participation on the Internet’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 1.1: 1-16.
Helmer, Jodi. 2005. ‘Feel Guilty When You're Not Green?’, Home-Dzine. Online: http://www.home-dzine.co.za/Lifestyle/life-guilty.htm.
Hewer, Paul, and Douglas Brownlie. 2007. ‘Culture of Consumption of Car Afficionados: Aesthetics and Consumption’, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 27.3/4: 106-19. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330710741057.
‘HeyAllie!’. 2011. ‘Make Me Actually Use My Reusable Bags!’. Online: http://ask.metafilter.com/187308/Make-me-actually-use-my-reusable-bags.
Holtmeier, Matthew. 2010. ‘Post-Pandoran Depression or Na’vi Sympathy: Avatar, Affect, and Audience Reception’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 4.4: 414-24.
Howe, Jeff. 2005. ‘I’m Feeling Guilty—and I’m Not Catholic’, Dovetail Partners. Online: http://www.dovetailinc.org/content/im-feeling-guilty-and-im-not-catholic.
Istoft, Britt. 2010. ‘Avatar Fandom as Nature-Religious Expression?’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 4.4: 394-413.
‘Joy’. 2012. ‘To Market, To Market’. Online: http://frockfiles.com/2012/03/20/tomarket-to-market.
Kalinock, Sabine. 2006. ‘Going on Pilgrimage Online: The Representation of Shia Rituals on the Internet’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 2.1: 6-23.
Karapanagiotis, Nicole. 2010. ‘Vaishnava Cyber-Puja: Problems of Purity and Novel Ritual Solutions’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 4.1: 179-95.
Kornblum, Janet. 2012. ‘Survey: More Americans Feeling “Green Guilt”’, USA Today. Online: http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/environment/2008-05-07-greenguilt_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip.
Kozinets, Robert V. 2010. Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online (Los Angeles: SAGE).
Krueger, Oliver. 2004. ‘The Internet as Distributor and Mirror of Religious and Ritual Knowledge’, Asian Journal of Social Science 32.2: 183-97. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568531041705077.
Krüger, Oliver. 2005. ‘Discovering the Invisible Internet: Methodological Aspects of Searching Religion on the Internet’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 1.1: 1-27.
Langer, Roy, and Suzanne C. Beckman. 2005. ‘Sensitive Research Topics: Netnography Revisited’, Qualitative Market Research 8.2: 189-203. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13522750510592454.
Lindlof, Thomas R. 2002. ‘Interpretive Community: An Approach to Media and Religion’, Journal of Media and Religion 1.1: 61-74. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15328415JMR0101_7.
Lindsey, Anne-Marie. 2012. ‘[Pre] Maternal Guilt, Part Two: Green Guilt’. Online: http://www.psychologytoday.com/ blog/do-not-faint/201202/pre-maternalguilt-part-two-green-guilt.
Lipinski, Tomas A. 2006. ‘Emerging Tort Issues in the Collection and Dissemination of Internet-Based Research Data’, Journal of Information Ethics (Fall): 55-81. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3172/JIE.15.2.55.
Louv, Richard. 2005. Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder (Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill).
Orsi, Robert A. 2005. Between Heaven and Earth: The Religious Worlds People Make and the Scholars Who Study Them (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
Pearce, Fred. 2008. Confessions of an Eco-Sinner: Tracking Down the Sources of My Stuff (Boston: Beacon Press).
Pleasants, Jen. 2009. Bag Green Guilt (United States: Show the Love Media LLC).
Roark, Robyn. 2012. ‘San Jose’s Plastic Bag Ban: Good or Bad for Business?’. Online: http://siliconvalleymamas.com/2012/02/san-joses-plastic-bag-ban-good-orbad-for-business/.
Saler, Benson. 2000. Conceptualizing Religion: Immanent Anthropologists, Transcendent Natives, and Unbounded Categories (New York: Berghahn Books).
Sanford, A. Whitney. 2007. ‘Pinned on Karma Rock: Whitewater Kayaking as Religious Experience’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75.4: 875-95. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm062.
Scheifinger, Heinz. 2010. ‘Internet Threats to Hindu Authority: Puja-Ordering Websites and the Kalighat Temple’, Asian Journal of Social Science 38.4: 636-56. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853110X517818.
Schrivan, Maria. 2012. ‘Suburban Dictionary: “Eco Self-Conscious”’, Funny Times, April 9.
Smith, Jonathan Z. 1980. ‘The Bare Facts of Ritual’, History of Religions 20.1/2: 112-27. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/462864.
———. 1987. To Take Place: Toward Theory in Ritual (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Snyder, Samuel. 2007. ‘New Streams of Religion: Fly Fishing as a Lived, Religion of Nature’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75.4: 896-922. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm063.
Streeter, A.K. 2008. ‘Eco-Guilt the New Plague among Enlightened Parents’, Discovery Communications, February 17. Online: http://www.treehugger.com/greenfood/eco-guilt-the-new-plague-among-enlightened-parents.html.
Sturgill, Amanda. 2004. ‘Scope and Purposes of Church Web Sites’, Journal of Media and Religion 3.3: 165-76. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328415jmr0303_3.
‘Tass’. 2008. ‘What Gives You the Most “Green” Guilt?’, Babyworld Forums, January. Online: http://babyworld.co.uk/groups/eco-parenting/forum/topic/379662-what-gives-you-the-most-green-guilt/.
Taylor, Bron. 2001. ‘Earth and Nature-Based Spirituality (Part II): From Earth First! and Bioregionalism to Scientific Paganism and the New Age’, Religion 31: 225-45. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/reli.2000.0257.
———. 2007a. ‘Exploring Religion, Nature and Culture—Introducing the Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 1.1: 5-24.
———. 2007b. ‘Focus Introduction: Aquatic Nature Religion’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75.4: 863-74. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm065.
———. 2007c. ‘Surfing into Spirituality and a New, Aquatic Nature Religion’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75.4: 923-51. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm067.
———. 2010. Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future (Berkeley: University of California Press).
Vaze, Prashant. 2009. The Economical Environmentalist: My Attempt to Live a Low-Carbon Llife and What It Cost (London: Earthscan).
von Jessen, Fritzie. 2009. I Killed a Penguin: An Ecological Memoir (Baltimore: Publish America).
Wadler, Joyce. 2010. ‘Green, but Still Feeling Guilty’, New York Times, September 29. Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/30/garden/30guilt.html?_r=1.
Walther, Joseph B. 2002. ‘Research Ethics in Internet-Enabled Research: Human Subjects Issues and Methodological Myopia’, Ethics and Information Technology 4: 205-16. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021368426115.
Willis, Jennifer. 2008. ‘Goodbye Green Guilt, Hello Change: Next Year Will Be All about Making Small Changes to Help the Planet’, Christian Science Monitor, April 22. Online: http://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/The-Home-Forum/2008/1229/p19s03-hfes.html.
Wittkower, Dylan. 2012. ‘Reification 2.0: How Facebook Changes Our Relationships with Others and with Ourselves’, University of North Texas Department of Philosophy and Religion Studies Colloquium Series, Denton, TX, April 6.
Young, Wendy. 2012. ‘Living Green—Guilt Free!’. Online: http://www.simple-greenliving.com/living-green.html.
———. 2002. Reconsidering Nature Religion: Rockwell Lecture Series (ed. Gerald P. McKenny; Harrisburg: Trinity Press International).
———. 2007. America: Religions and Religion (Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth, 4th edn).
Asma, Stephen T. 2010. ‘Green Guilt’, Chronicle of Higher Education, January 10. Online: http://chronicle.com/article/Green-Guilt/63447/.
Bassett, Elizabeth H., and Kate O’Riordan. 2002. ‘Ethics of Internet Research: Contesting the Human Subjects Research Model’, Ethics and Information Technology 4: 223-47. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021319125207.
Beaven, Zuleika, and Chantal Laws. 2007. ‘Never Let Me Down Again: Loyal Customer Attitudes toward Ticket Distribution Channels for Live Music Events: A Netnographic Exploration of the US Leg of the Depeche Mode 2005–2006 World Tour’, Managing Leisure 12.2/3: 120-42. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13606710701339322.
Bell, Catherine. 1997. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions (New York: Oxford University Press).
Bruckman, Amy. 2006. ‘Teaching Students to Study Online Communities Ethically’, Journal of Information Ethics (Fall): 82-98. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3172/JIE.15.2.82.
Campbell, Heidi. 2005. ‘Spiritualising the Internet: Uncovering Discourses and Narratives of Religious Internet Usage’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 1.1: 1-26.
———. 2010. When Religion Meets New Media (London/New York: Routledge).
Cowan, Douglas E. 2005. ‘Online U-Topia: Cyberspace and the Mythology of Placelessness’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 44.3: 257-63.
Cowan, Douglas E., and Jeffrey K. Hadden. 2004. ‘Virtually Religious: New Religious Movements and the World Wide Web’, in James R. Lewis (ed.), Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements (Oxford: Oxford University Press): 119-40.
Crislip, Kathleen. N.d. ‘Carbon Offsets on Planes and Green Travel Guilt: Or How I’m Glad I Learned to Love the Bus’. Online: http://studenttravel.about.com/od/greentravel/qt/Green-Travel-Guilt.htm.
Dahl, Darren W., Heather Honea, and Rajesh V. Manchanda. 2003. ‘The Nature of Self-Reported Guilt in Consumption Contexts’, Marketing Letters 14.3: 159-71. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027492516677.
Delingpole, James. 2011. ‘Eco-Guilt Off the School Curriculum? About Time’, The Telegraph. Online: http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/jamesdelingpole/100092215/eco-guilt-off-the-school-curriculum-about-time/.
Fahrenthold, David A. 2008. ‘There’s a Gold Mine in Environmental Guilt’, The Washington Post, October 6.
Flesher, Jared. 2009. ‘A Decline in “Green Guilt”’, New York Times, April 21.
Goetz, Jennifer L., and Dacher Keltner. 2007. ‘Shifting Meanings of Self-Conscious Emotions across Cultures: A Social-Functional Approach’, in Jessica L. Tracy, Richard W. Robins, and June Price Tangney (eds.), The Self-Conscious Emotions: Theory and Research (New York: Guilford Press): 153-73.
‘Greve’. 2010. ‘Environmental Guilt’. Online: http://www.myccr.com/phpbbforum/viewtopic.php?f=21&t=35530& sid=58d741c1613d21a763b3ac4a3e76d4f6.
‘Gwen’. 2009a. ‘Clean Slate’. Online: http://greenguiltblog.com/2009/01/05/cleanslate/#more-285.
———. 2009b. ‘My Agenda’. Online: Greenguiltblog.com/my-agenda/.
Hall, David D. (ed.). 1997. Lived Religion in America: Toward a History of Practice (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
Helland, Christopher. 2000. ‘Online-Religion/Religion-Online and Virtual Communities’, in Jeffrey K. Hadden and Douglas E. Cowan (ed.), Religion on the Internet (New York: JAI Press): 205-23.
———. 2005. ‘Online Religion as Lived Religion: Methodological Issues in the Study of Religious Participation on the Internet’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 1.1: 1-16.
Helmer, Jodi. 2005. ‘Feel Guilty When You're Not Green?’, Home-Dzine. Online: http://www.home-dzine.co.za/Lifestyle/life-guilty.htm.
Hewer, Paul, and Douglas Brownlie. 2007. ‘Culture of Consumption of Car Afficionados: Aesthetics and Consumption’, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 27.3/4: 106-19. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330710741057.
‘HeyAllie!’. 2011. ‘Make Me Actually Use My Reusable Bags!’. Online: http://ask.metafilter.com/187308/Make-me-actually-use-my-reusable-bags.
Holtmeier, Matthew. 2010. ‘Post-Pandoran Depression or Na’vi Sympathy: Avatar, Affect, and Audience Reception’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 4.4: 414-24.
Howe, Jeff. 2005. ‘I’m Feeling Guilty—and I’m Not Catholic’, Dovetail Partners. Online: http://www.dovetailinc.org/content/im-feeling-guilty-and-im-not-catholic.
Istoft, Britt. 2010. ‘Avatar Fandom as Nature-Religious Expression?’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 4.4: 394-413.
‘Joy’. 2012. ‘To Market, To Market’. Online: http://frockfiles.com/2012/03/20/tomarket-to-market.
Kalinock, Sabine. 2006. ‘Going on Pilgrimage Online: The Representation of Shia Rituals on the Internet’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 2.1: 6-23.
Karapanagiotis, Nicole. 2010. ‘Vaishnava Cyber-Puja: Problems of Purity and Novel Ritual Solutions’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 4.1: 179-95.
Kornblum, Janet. 2012. ‘Survey: More Americans Feeling “Green Guilt”’, USA Today. Online: http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/environment/2008-05-07-greenguilt_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip.
Kozinets, Robert V. 2010. Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online (Los Angeles: SAGE).
Krueger, Oliver. 2004. ‘The Internet as Distributor and Mirror of Religious and Ritual Knowledge’, Asian Journal of Social Science 32.2: 183-97. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568531041705077.
Krüger, Oliver. 2005. ‘Discovering the Invisible Internet: Methodological Aspects of Searching Religion on the Internet’, Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 1.1: 1-27.
Langer, Roy, and Suzanne C. Beckman. 2005. ‘Sensitive Research Topics: Netnography Revisited’, Qualitative Market Research 8.2: 189-203. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13522750510592454.
Lindlof, Thomas R. 2002. ‘Interpretive Community: An Approach to Media and Religion’, Journal of Media and Religion 1.1: 61-74. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15328415JMR0101_7.
Lindsey, Anne-Marie. 2012. ‘[Pre] Maternal Guilt, Part Two: Green Guilt’. Online: http://www.psychologytoday.com/ blog/do-not-faint/201202/pre-maternalguilt-part-two-green-guilt.
Lipinski, Tomas A. 2006. ‘Emerging Tort Issues in the Collection and Dissemination of Internet-Based Research Data’, Journal of Information Ethics (Fall): 55-81. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3172/JIE.15.2.55.
Louv, Richard. 2005. Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder (Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill).
Orsi, Robert A. 2005. Between Heaven and Earth: The Religious Worlds People Make and the Scholars Who Study Them (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
Pearce, Fred. 2008. Confessions of an Eco-Sinner: Tracking Down the Sources of My Stuff (Boston: Beacon Press).
Pleasants, Jen. 2009. Bag Green Guilt (United States: Show the Love Media LLC).
Roark, Robyn. 2012. ‘San Jose’s Plastic Bag Ban: Good or Bad for Business?’. Online: http://siliconvalleymamas.com/2012/02/san-joses-plastic-bag-ban-good-orbad-for-business/.
Saler, Benson. 2000. Conceptualizing Religion: Immanent Anthropologists, Transcendent Natives, and Unbounded Categories (New York: Berghahn Books).
Sanford, A. Whitney. 2007. ‘Pinned on Karma Rock: Whitewater Kayaking as Religious Experience’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75.4: 875-95. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm062.
Scheifinger, Heinz. 2010. ‘Internet Threats to Hindu Authority: Puja-Ordering Websites and the Kalighat Temple’, Asian Journal of Social Science 38.4: 636-56. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853110X517818.
Schrivan, Maria. 2012. ‘Suburban Dictionary: “Eco Self-Conscious”’, Funny Times, April 9.
Smith, Jonathan Z. 1980. ‘The Bare Facts of Ritual’, History of Religions 20.1/2: 112-27. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/462864.
———. 1987. To Take Place: Toward Theory in Ritual (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Snyder, Samuel. 2007. ‘New Streams of Religion: Fly Fishing as a Lived, Religion of Nature’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75.4: 896-922. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm063.
Streeter, A.K. 2008. ‘Eco-Guilt the New Plague among Enlightened Parents’, Discovery Communications, February 17. Online: http://www.treehugger.com/greenfood/eco-guilt-the-new-plague-among-enlightened-parents.html.
Sturgill, Amanda. 2004. ‘Scope and Purposes of Church Web Sites’, Journal of Media and Religion 3.3: 165-76. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328415jmr0303_3.
‘Tass’. 2008. ‘What Gives You the Most “Green” Guilt?’, Babyworld Forums, January. Online: http://babyworld.co.uk/groups/eco-parenting/forum/topic/379662-what-gives-you-the-most-green-guilt/.
Taylor, Bron. 2001. ‘Earth and Nature-Based Spirituality (Part II): From Earth First! and Bioregionalism to Scientific Paganism and the New Age’, Religion 31: 225-45. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/reli.2000.0257.
———. 2007a. ‘Exploring Religion, Nature and Culture—Introducing the Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 1.1: 5-24.
———. 2007b. ‘Focus Introduction: Aquatic Nature Religion’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75.4: 863-74. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm065.
———. 2007c. ‘Surfing into Spirituality and a New, Aquatic Nature Religion’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75.4: 923-51. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm067.
———. 2010. Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future (Berkeley: University of California Press).
Vaze, Prashant. 2009. The Economical Environmentalist: My Attempt to Live a Low-Carbon Llife and What It Cost (London: Earthscan).
von Jessen, Fritzie. 2009. I Killed a Penguin: An Ecological Memoir (Baltimore: Publish America).
Wadler, Joyce. 2010. ‘Green, but Still Feeling Guilty’, New York Times, September 29. Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/30/garden/30guilt.html?_r=1.
Walther, Joseph B. 2002. ‘Research Ethics in Internet-Enabled Research: Human Subjects Issues and Methodological Myopia’, Ethics and Information Technology 4: 205-16. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021368426115.
Willis, Jennifer. 2008. ‘Goodbye Green Guilt, Hello Change: Next Year Will Be All about Making Small Changes to Help the Planet’, Christian Science Monitor, April 22. Online: http://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/The-Home-Forum/2008/1229/p19s03-hfes.html.
Wittkower, Dylan. 2012. ‘Reification 2.0: How Facebook Changes Our Relationships with Others and with Ourselves’, University of North Texas Department of Philosophy and Religion Studies Colloquium Series, Denton, TX, April 6.
Young, Wendy. 2012. ‘Living Green—Guilt Free!’. Online: http://www.simple-greenliving.com/living-green.html.
Published
2014-06-03
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Fredericks, S. E. (2014). Online Confessions of Eco-Guilt. Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, 8(1), 64-84. https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.v8i1.64
