Ecotourism, Religious Tourism, and Religious Naturalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.32238Keywords:
ecotourism, religious tourism, religious naturalism, nature religion, sustainable developmentAbstract
Much can be learned about both ecotourism and religious naturalism by bringing the two into conversation through the concept of religious tourism. In Part One I argue that ecotourism can be perceived as religious tourism based on the claim that the concept of nature that serves as a basis for ecotourism is also used in the process of ‘making nature sacred’. I use the example of tourism in Monte Verde, Costa Rica to show how nature can be made sacred in ecotourism and end the section by suggesting what we might gain from looking at ecotourism in this way. In Part Two I describe religious naturalism, then explore how thinking of ecotourism as religious tourism might address concerns regarding religious practice, conceptions of nature, and the apparent inability of religious naturalism’s non-anthropocentric ethic to deal with issues of environmental racism and social justice.
References
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Braxton, Donald M. 2012. ‘Modern Cosmology and Religious Naturalism’, in J.W. Haag, G.R. Peterson, and M.L. Spezio (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Religion and Science (New York: Routledge): 124-34.
Castree, Noel. 2003. ‘Commodifying What Nature?’, Progress in Human Geography 27.3: 273-97. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132503ph428oa.
Castree, Noel. 2008a. ‘Neoliberalising Nature: Processes, Effects, and Evaluations’, Environment and Planning A 40.153-73.
Castree, Noel. 2008b. ‘Neoliberalising Nature: The Logics of Deregulation and Reregulation’, Environment and Planning A 40.131-52.
Cater, Eriet. 2006. ‘Ecotourism as a Western Construct’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1-2: 23-39.
Ceballos-Lascuráin, Hector. 1996. Tourism, Ecotourism, and Protected Areas (Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Doi: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.1996.7.en.
Commission, Earth Charter. 2000. ‘The Earth Charter’ (Earth Charter Initiative). Online: http://earthcharter.org/discover/the-earth-charter.
Crichton, Michael. 2009. ‘Environmentalism as Religion’, in Three Essays by Michael Crichton (Science & Public Policy Institute). Online: http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/commentaries/crichton_3.pdf.
Cronon, William. 1996. ‘The Trouble with Wilderness: Or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature’, Environmental History 1.1: 7-28. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3985059.
Crosby, Donald A. 2002. A Religion of Nature (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press).
Crosby, Donald A. 2013. The Thou of Nature: Religious Naturalism and Reverence for Sentient Life (New York: State University of New York Press).
Crosby, Donald A. 2015. Nature as Sacred Ground: A Metaphysics for Religious Naturalism (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press).
Donohoe, Holly M., and Roger D. Needham. 2006. ‘Ecotourism: The Evolving Contemporary De?nition’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.3: 192-210. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2167/joe152.0.
Drees, Willem B. 1996. Religion, Science, and Naturalism (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511585326.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2006a. ‘Global Environmental Governance and the Politics of Ecotourism in Madagascar’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1: 128.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2006b. ‘The Politics of Ecotourism and the Developing World’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1-2: 1-6.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2008. ‘Neoliberalising Nature: Global Networks and Ecotourism Development in Madagascar’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 16.3: 327-44. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802154124.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2014. ‘Interactive Elephants: Nature, Tourism and Neoliberalism’, Annals of Tourism Research 44: 88-101. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.09.003.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2015. ‘Nature-Based Tourism and Neoliberalism: Concealing Contradictions’, Tourism Geographies 17.4: 529-43. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1053972.
Dunlap, Thomas R. 2004. Faith in Nature: Environmentalism as a Religious Quest (Seattle: University of Washington Press).
Dunlap, Thomas R. 2006. ‘Environmentalism, a Secular Faith’, Environmental Values 15.3: 321-30. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3197/096327106778226284.
Durkheim, Emile. 1915. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (trans. J.W. Swain; London: George Allen & Unwin).
Fennel, David A. 2001. ‘A Content Analysis of Ecotourism De?nitions’, Current Issues in Tourism 4.5: 403-21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500108667896.
Fletcher, Robert. 2015. ‘Nature Is a Nice Place to Save but I Wouldn’t Want to Live There: Environmental Education and the Ecotourist Gaze’, Environmental Education Research 21.3: 338.
Gatta, John. 2004. Making Nature Sacred: Literature, Religion, and Environment in America from the Puritans to Present (New York: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/0195165055.001.0001.
Goodenough, Ursula. 1998. The Sacred Depths of Nature (New York: Oxford University Press).
Goodenough, Ursula. 2000. ‘Religiopoiesis’, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 35.3: 561-66. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/0591-2385.00297.
Goodenough, Ursula. 2005. ‘Religious Naturalism’, in B. Taylor and J. Kaplan (eds.), Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature (Bristol: Thoemmes Continuum): 1371-72.
Gray, Noella. 2003. ‘Unpacking the Baggage of Ecotourism: Nature, Science, and Local Participation’, Great Lakes Geographer 9.2: 113-23.
Gutic, Jorge, Eliza Caie, and Andy Clegg. 2010. ‘In Search of Heterotopia? Motivations of Visitors to an English Cathedral’, International Journal of Tourism Research 12: 750-60. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.790.
Hogue, Michael S. 2010. The Promise of Religious Naturalism (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Little?eld).
Hursh, David, Joseph Henderson, and David Greenwood. 2015. ‘Environmental Education in a Neoliberal Climate’, Environmental Education Research 21.3: 299-318. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1018141.
Kauffman, Stuart. 2008. Reinventing the Sacred: A New View of Science, Reason, and Religion (New York: Basic Books).
Kaufman, Gordon D. 2004. In the Beginning… Creativity (Minneapolis: Fortress Press).
Klak, Thomas. 2007. ‘Sustainable Ecotourism Development in Central America and the Caribbean: Review of Debates and Conceptual Reformulation’, Geography Compass 1.5: 1037-57. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00055.x.
Kline, Carol S., and Susan L. Slocum. 2015. ‘Neoliberalism in Ecotourism? The New Development Paradigm of Multinational Projects in Africa’, Journal of Ecotourism 14.2-3: 99-112.
Koens, Jacobus Franciscus, Carel Deiperink, and Miriam Miranda. 2009. ‘Ecotourism as a Development Strategy: Experiences from Costa Rica’, Environment, Development and Sustainability 11.6: 1225-37. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-009-9214-3.
Li, Beifei, Outi Niininen, and Kerry Jacobs. 2006. ‘Spiritual Well-Being Through Vacations: Exploring the Travel Motives of the Young Christian Travelers’, Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal 54.3: 211-24.
Lynch, Gordon. 2012. The Sacred in the Modern World: A Cultural Sociological Approach (New York: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557011.001.0001.
Matarrita-Cascanter, David, Mark Anthony Brennan, and A.E. Luloff. 2010. ‘Community Agency and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case of La Fortuna, Costa Rica’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 18.6: 735-56. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669581003653526.
Novelli, Marina, Jonathan I. Barnes, and Michael Humavindu. 2006. ‘The Other Side of the Ecotourism Coin: Consumptive Tourism in Southern Africa’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1-2: 62-79.
Otto, Rudolph. 1936. The Idea of the Holy: An Inquiry into the Non-rational Factor in the Idea of the Divine and Its Relation to the Rational (trans. J.W. Harvey; London: Oxford University Press).
Perkins, Helen E., and Peter R. Brown. 2012. ‘Environmental Values and the So-Called True Ecotourist’, Journal of Travel Research 51.6: 793-803. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512451133.
Raymo, Chet. 2008. When God Is Gone Everything Is Holy (Notre Dame, IN: Sorin Books).
Rønnow, Tarjei. 2011. Saving Nature: Religion as Environmentalism, Environmentalism as Religion (Berlin: LIT).
Rue, Loyal. 2005. Religion Is Not About God (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press).
Rue, Loyal. 2011. Nature Is Enough: Religious Naturalism and the Meaning of Life (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press).
Saarinen, Jarkko. 2004. ‘Tourism and Touristic Representations of Nature’, in A.A. Lew, C.M. Hall, and A.M. Williams (eds.), A Companion to Tourism (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing): 438-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470752272.ch35.
Scheyvens, Regina. 1999. ‘Ecotourism and the Empowerment of Local Communities’, Tourism Management 20.2: 45-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00069-7.
Shackley, Myra. 2002. ‘Space, Sanctity and Service: The English Cathedral as Heterotopia’, International Journal of Tourism Research 4: 345-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.388.
Shackley, Myra. 2008. ‘Management Challenges for Religion-Based Attractions’, in A. Fyall, B. Garrod, A. Leask, and S. Wanhill (eds.), Managing Visitor Attractions (Amsterdam: Butterworth Heinemann): 253-63. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-8545-0.50023-X.
Sharpley, Richard. 2006. ‘Ecotourism: A Consumption Perspective’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1-2: 7-22.
Sharpley, Richard, and Priya Sundaram. 2005. ‘Tourism: A Sacred Journey? The Case of Ashram Tourism, India’, International Journal of Tourism Research 7: 161-71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.522.
Stern, Caroline J., James P. Lassole, David R. Lee, and David J. Deshler. 2003. ‘How “Eco” Is Ecotourism? A Comparative Case Study of Ecotourism in Costa Rica’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 11.4: 322-47. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667210.
Stone, Jerome A. 2002. ‘Religious Naturalism and the Religion–Science Dialogue: A Minimalist View’, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 37.2: 381-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/0591-2385.00434.
Stone, Jerome A. 2008. Religious Naturalism Today: The Rebirth of a Forgotten Alternative (New York: SUNY Press).
Stone, Jerome A. 2012. ‘Spirituality for Naturalists’, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 47.3: 481-500. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2012.01279.x.
Stronza, Amanda. 2001. ‘Anthropology of Tourism: Forging New Ground for Ecotourism and Other Alternatives’, Annual Review of Anthropology 30.2: 61-83. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.261.
Szerszynski, Bronislaw. 1997. ‘The Varieties of Ecological Piety’, Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 1.1: 37-55.
Szerszynski, Bronislaw. 2005. Nature, Technology, and the Sacred (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470774311.
Vivanco, Luis A. 2001. ‘Spectacular Quetzals, Ecotourism, and Environmental Future in Monte Verde, Costa Rica’, Ethnology 40.2: 79-92. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3773924.
Vivanco, Luis A. 2006. Green Encounters: Shaping and Contesting Environmentalism in Rural Costa Rica (New York: Berghahn Books).
White, Carol Wayne. 2016. Black Lives and Sacred Humanity: Toward an African American Religious Naturalism (New York: Fordham University Press).
Björk, Peter. 2007. ‘De?nition Paradoxes: From Concept to De?nition’, in J. Higham (ed.), Critical Issues in Ecotourism: Understanding a Complex Tourism Phenomenon (Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann): 23-45. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-6878-1.50006-2.
Braxton, Donald M. 2012. ‘Modern Cosmology and Religious Naturalism’, in J.W. Haag, G.R. Peterson, and M.L. Spezio (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Religion and Science (New York: Routledge): 124-34.
Castree, Noel. 2003. ‘Commodifying What Nature?’, Progress in Human Geography 27.3: 273-97. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132503ph428oa.
Castree, Noel. 2008a. ‘Neoliberalising Nature: Processes, Effects, and Evaluations’, Environment and Planning A 40.153-73.
Castree, Noel. 2008b. ‘Neoliberalising Nature: The Logics of Deregulation and Reregulation’, Environment and Planning A 40.131-52.
Cater, Eriet. 2006. ‘Ecotourism as a Western Construct’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1-2: 23-39.
Ceballos-Lascuráin, Hector. 1996. Tourism, Ecotourism, and Protected Areas (Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Doi: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.1996.7.en.
Commission, Earth Charter. 2000. ‘The Earth Charter’ (Earth Charter Initiative). Online: http://earthcharter.org/discover/the-earth-charter.
Crichton, Michael. 2009. ‘Environmentalism as Religion’, in Three Essays by Michael Crichton (Science & Public Policy Institute). Online: http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/commentaries/crichton_3.pdf.
Cronon, William. 1996. ‘The Trouble with Wilderness: Or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature’, Environmental History 1.1: 7-28. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3985059.
Crosby, Donald A. 2002. A Religion of Nature (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press).
Crosby, Donald A. 2013. The Thou of Nature: Religious Naturalism and Reverence for Sentient Life (New York: State University of New York Press).
Crosby, Donald A. 2015. Nature as Sacred Ground: A Metaphysics for Religious Naturalism (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press).
Donohoe, Holly M., and Roger D. Needham. 2006. ‘Ecotourism: The Evolving Contemporary De?nition’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.3: 192-210. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2167/joe152.0.
Drees, Willem B. 1996. Religion, Science, and Naturalism (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511585326.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2006a. ‘Global Environmental Governance and the Politics of Ecotourism in Madagascar’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1: 128.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2006b. ‘The Politics of Ecotourism and the Developing World’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1-2: 1-6.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2008. ‘Neoliberalising Nature: Global Networks and Ecotourism Development in Madagascar’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 16.3: 327-44. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802154124.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2014. ‘Interactive Elephants: Nature, Tourism and Neoliberalism’, Annals of Tourism Research 44: 88-101. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.09.003.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2015. ‘Nature-Based Tourism and Neoliberalism: Concealing Contradictions’, Tourism Geographies 17.4: 529-43. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1053972.
Dunlap, Thomas R. 2004. Faith in Nature: Environmentalism as a Religious Quest (Seattle: University of Washington Press).
Dunlap, Thomas R. 2006. ‘Environmentalism, a Secular Faith’, Environmental Values 15.3: 321-30. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3197/096327106778226284.
Durkheim, Emile. 1915. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (trans. J.W. Swain; London: George Allen & Unwin).
Fennel, David A. 2001. ‘A Content Analysis of Ecotourism De?nitions’, Current Issues in Tourism 4.5: 403-21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500108667896.
Fletcher, Robert. 2015. ‘Nature Is a Nice Place to Save but I Wouldn’t Want to Live There: Environmental Education and the Ecotourist Gaze’, Environmental Education Research 21.3: 338.
Gatta, John. 2004. Making Nature Sacred: Literature, Religion, and Environment in America from the Puritans to Present (New York: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/0195165055.001.0001.
Goodenough, Ursula. 1998. The Sacred Depths of Nature (New York: Oxford University Press).
Goodenough, Ursula. 2000. ‘Religiopoiesis’, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 35.3: 561-66. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/0591-2385.00297.
Goodenough, Ursula. 2005. ‘Religious Naturalism’, in B. Taylor and J. Kaplan (eds.), Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature (Bristol: Thoemmes Continuum): 1371-72.
Gray, Noella. 2003. ‘Unpacking the Baggage of Ecotourism: Nature, Science, and Local Participation’, Great Lakes Geographer 9.2: 113-23.
Gutic, Jorge, Eliza Caie, and Andy Clegg. 2010. ‘In Search of Heterotopia? Motivations of Visitors to an English Cathedral’, International Journal of Tourism Research 12: 750-60. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.790.
Hogue, Michael S. 2010. The Promise of Religious Naturalism (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Little?eld).
Hursh, David, Joseph Henderson, and David Greenwood. 2015. ‘Environmental Education in a Neoliberal Climate’, Environmental Education Research 21.3: 299-318. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1018141.
Kauffman, Stuart. 2008. Reinventing the Sacred: A New View of Science, Reason, and Religion (New York: Basic Books).
Kaufman, Gordon D. 2004. In the Beginning… Creativity (Minneapolis: Fortress Press).
Klak, Thomas. 2007. ‘Sustainable Ecotourism Development in Central America and the Caribbean: Review of Debates and Conceptual Reformulation’, Geography Compass 1.5: 1037-57. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00055.x.
Kline, Carol S., and Susan L. Slocum. 2015. ‘Neoliberalism in Ecotourism? The New Development Paradigm of Multinational Projects in Africa’, Journal of Ecotourism 14.2-3: 99-112.
Koens, Jacobus Franciscus, Carel Deiperink, and Miriam Miranda. 2009. ‘Ecotourism as a Development Strategy: Experiences from Costa Rica’, Environment, Development and Sustainability 11.6: 1225-37. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-009-9214-3.
Li, Beifei, Outi Niininen, and Kerry Jacobs. 2006. ‘Spiritual Well-Being Through Vacations: Exploring the Travel Motives of the Young Christian Travelers’, Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal 54.3: 211-24.
Lynch, Gordon. 2012. The Sacred in the Modern World: A Cultural Sociological Approach (New York: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557011.001.0001.
Matarrita-Cascanter, David, Mark Anthony Brennan, and A.E. Luloff. 2010. ‘Community Agency and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case of La Fortuna, Costa Rica’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 18.6: 735-56. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669581003653526.
Novelli, Marina, Jonathan I. Barnes, and Michael Humavindu. 2006. ‘The Other Side of the Ecotourism Coin: Consumptive Tourism in Southern Africa’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1-2: 62-79.
Otto, Rudolph. 1936. The Idea of the Holy: An Inquiry into the Non-rational Factor in the Idea of the Divine and Its Relation to the Rational (trans. J.W. Harvey; London: Oxford University Press).
Perkins, Helen E., and Peter R. Brown. 2012. ‘Environmental Values and the So-Called True Ecotourist’, Journal of Travel Research 51.6: 793-803. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512451133.
Raymo, Chet. 2008. When God Is Gone Everything Is Holy (Notre Dame, IN: Sorin Books).
Rønnow, Tarjei. 2011. Saving Nature: Religion as Environmentalism, Environmentalism as Religion (Berlin: LIT).
Rue, Loyal. 2005. Religion Is Not About God (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press).
Rue, Loyal. 2011. Nature Is Enough: Religious Naturalism and the Meaning of Life (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press).
Saarinen, Jarkko. 2004. ‘Tourism and Touristic Representations of Nature’, in A.A. Lew, C.M. Hall, and A.M. Williams (eds.), A Companion to Tourism (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing): 438-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470752272.ch35.
Scheyvens, Regina. 1999. ‘Ecotourism and the Empowerment of Local Communities’, Tourism Management 20.2: 45-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00069-7.
Shackley, Myra. 2002. ‘Space, Sanctity and Service: The English Cathedral as Heterotopia’, International Journal of Tourism Research 4: 345-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.388.
Shackley, Myra. 2008. ‘Management Challenges for Religion-Based Attractions’, in A. Fyall, B. Garrod, A. Leask, and S. Wanhill (eds.), Managing Visitor Attractions (Amsterdam: Butterworth Heinemann): 253-63. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-8545-0.50023-X.
Sharpley, Richard. 2006. ‘Ecotourism: A Consumption Perspective’, Journal of Ecotourism 5.1-2: 7-22.
Sharpley, Richard, and Priya Sundaram. 2005. ‘Tourism: A Sacred Journey? The Case of Ashram Tourism, India’, International Journal of Tourism Research 7: 161-71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.522.
Stern, Caroline J., James P. Lassole, David R. Lee, and David J. Deshler. 2003. ‘How “Eco” Is Ecotourism? A Comparative Case Study of Ecotourism in Costa Rica’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 11.4: 322-47. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667210.
Stone, Jerome A. 2002. ‘Religious Naturalism and the Religion–Science Dialogue: A Minimalist View’, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 37.2: 381-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/0591-2385.00434.
Stone, Jerome A. 2008. Religious Naturalism Today: The Rebirth of a Forgotten Alternative (New York: SUNY Press).
Stone, Jerome A. 2012. ‘Spirituality for Naturalists’, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 47.3: 481-500. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2012.01279.x.
Stronza, Amanda. 2001. ‘Anthropology of Tourism: Forging New Ground for Ecotourism and Other Alternatives’, Annual Review of Anthropology 30.2: 61-83. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.261.
Szerszynski, Bronislaw. 1997. ‘The Varieties of Ecological Piety’, Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 1.1: 37-55.
Szerszynski, Bronislaw. 2005. Nature, Technology, and the Sacred (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470774311.
Vivanco, Luis A. 2001. ‘Spectacular Quetzals, Ecotourism, and Environmental Future in Monte Verde, Costa Rica’, Ethnology 40.2: 79-92. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3773924.
Vivanco, Luis A. 2006. Green Encounters: Shaping and Contesting Environmentalism in Rural Costa Rica (New York: Berghahn Books).
White, Carol Wayne. 2016. Black Lives and Sacred Humanity: Toward an African American Religious Naturalism (New York: Fordham University Press).
Published
2018-02-19
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Yoder, S. D. (2018). Ecotourism, Religious Tourism, and Religious Naturalism. Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, 11(3), 291-314. https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.32238
