Is the Womb Barren? A Located Study of Spiritual Tourism in Sedona, Arizona, and Its Possible Effects on Eco-consciousness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.v2i4.483Keywords:
spiritual mediascape, aspirational narratives of Self, moral space, New Age, spiritual tourism, pilgrim-tourist, SedonaAbstract
Ancient people considered Sedona, Arizona, the womb of Earth. This is only part of the story of Sedona that has made it a spiritual tourist destination. Some estimate that well over one million New Age pilgrim-tourists travel there annually to experience the vortices, or energy spots, in the Earth’s womb. These visitors will find different spiritual practitioners in Sedona, but they will find at least one common thread. The red rocks of Sedona hold great mystical power – a power that is explained with an eclectic mix of New Age metaphysics and modern science. Using field data from in-depth interviews, text analysis and participant observation, I will detail the content and contours of the scientific-spiritual worldview embedded in Sedona’s landscape and embodied by its pilgrim-tourists. Also, I will address possibilities for eco-consciousness embodied in the lived experience of this worldview.References
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———. 1992. ‘The Magical Staff: Quantum Healing in the New Age’, in James R. Lewis and J. Gordon Melton (eds.), Perspectives on the New Age (Albany: State University of New York Press): 68-84.
———. 2007. A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion (New Haven: Yale University Press).
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Awareness Magazine. May/June 2007, 14: 3.
Beck, U. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (trans. Mark Ritter; London: Sage).
Beck, U., A. Giddens, and S. Lash. 1994. Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Behavior Research Center. 2005. 2005 Sedona Visitor Study (Phoenix, AZ: Research in Public Opinion & Consumer Behavior).
Bowman, M. 2000. ‘More of the Same? Christianity, Vernacular Religion, and Alternative Spirituality in Glastonbury’, in Steven Sutcliffe and Marion Bowman (eds.), Beyond New Age: Exploring Alternative Spirituality (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press): 83-104.
Brown, Michael F. 1997. The Channeling Zone: American Spirituality in an Anxious Age (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
———. 2000. Who Owns Native Culture? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Bryant, P. 1991. ‘Sacred Sedona’, in Sedona Vortex Guidebook (Flagstaff, AZ: Light Technology Publishing): 3-15.
Butcher, J. 2003. The Moralization of Tourism: Sun, Sand—and Saving the World? (Routledge: London).
Butler, R. 1992. ‘Alternative Tourism: The Thin Edge of the Wedge’, in V.L. Smith and W.R. Eadington (eds.), Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press): 31-46.
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Deloria, P.J. 1998. Playing Indian (New Haven: Yale University Press).
Denzin, N.K. 2001. Interpretive Interactionism (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2nd edn).
Digance, Justine. 2006. ‘Religious and Secular Pilgrimage: Journeys Redolent with Meaning’, in Dallen J. Timothy and Daniel H. Olsen (eds.), Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Journeys (New York: Routledge): 36-48.
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Garner, D. 2006. ‘In Search of the Vortex Vibe in Sedona’, New York Times Travel, April 9. Online: http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/04/09/travel/09sedona.html (accessed 19 September 2007).
Giddens, A. 1992. Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in Modern Societies (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press).
Gilmore, L. 2006. ‘Desert Pilgrimage: Liminality, Transformation, and the Other at the Burning Man Festival’, in Swatos 2006c: 125-58.
Gregory, D. 2001. ‘Colonial Nostalgia and Cultures of Travel: Spaces of Constructed Visibility of Egypt’, in AlSayyad 2001: 111-41.
Harrigan, N. 1974. ‘The Legacy of Caribbean History and Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research 11.1: 13-41. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(74)90053-X.
Heelas, Paul. 1996. The New Age Movement: The Celebration of Self and the Sacralization of Modernity (Oxford: Blackwell).
Heelas, P., L. Woodhead, B. Steel, B. Szersynski, and K. Tustig. 2005. The Spiritual Revolution: Why Religion Is Giving Way to Spirituality (Oxford: Blackwell).
Hollinshead, K. 1996. ‘Marketing and Metaphysical Realism: The Disidentification of Aboriginal Life and Traditions’, in R. Butler and T. Hinch (eds.), Tourism and Indigenous People (London: International Thompson Business Press): 308-48.
Hoover, S.M. 2006. Religion in the Media Age (New York: Routledge).
Ivakhiv, A.J. 2001. Claiming Sacred Ground: Pilgrims and Politics at Glastonbury and Sedona (Bloomington: Indiana University Press).
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Lord of the Winds Films, LLC. 2008. What the Bleep Do We Know? Online: http://www.whatthebleep.com/index2.shtml (accessed 24 July 2008).
Lovelock, J.E. 1979. Gaia, A New Look at Life on Earth (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
———. 1988. The Ages of Gaia: A Biography of Our Living Earth (New York: W.W. Norton & Company).
MacCannell, D. 1992. Empty Meeting Grounds: The Tourist Papers (Routledge: New York).
Minca, Claudio, and Tim Oakes (eds.). 2006. Travels in Paradox: Remapping Tourism (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield).
Mugerauer, R. 2001. ‘Openings to Each Other in the Technological Age’, in Alsayyad 2001: 90-110.
Nash, D. 1989. ‘Tourism as a Form of Imperialism’, in Valene L. Smith (ed.), Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press): 37-54.
The New York Times Best Sellers. 24 July 2008. Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/27/books/bestseller/0727besthardadvice.html (accessed 24 July 2008).
Olsen, B. 2003. Sacred Places North America: 108 Places (Santa Cruz, CA: Consortium of Collective Consciousness).
O’Rourke, D. 1987. Cannibal Tours [videorecording] (Los Angeles: Direct Cinema, Ltd.).
Ozorak, E.W. 2006. ‘The View from the Edge: Pilgrimage and Transformation’, in Swatos 2006c: 61-82.
Possamai, Adam M. 2002. ‘Cultural Consumption of History and Popular Culture in Alternative Spiritualities’, Journal of Consumer Culture 2: 197-218.
Povinelli, E.A. 2001. ‘Consuming Geist: Popontology and the Spirit of Capital in Indigenous Australia’, in J. Comaroff and J.L. Comaroff (eds.), Millennial Capitalism and the Culture of Neoliberalism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press): 241-70.
Preston, J. 1992. ‘Spiritual Magnetism: An Organizing Principle for the Study of Pilgrimage’, in A. Morinis (ed.), Sacred Journeys: The Anthropology of Pilgrimage (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press): 31-46.
Robinson, M. 2001. ‘Tourism Encounters: Inter- and Intra-cultural Conflicts and the World’s Largest Industry’, in AlSayyad 2001: 34-67.
Rountree, Kathryn. 2006. ‘Journeys to the Goddess: Pilgrimage and Tourism in the New Age’, in Swatos 2006c: 33-60.
Ruland-Thorne, K. 2004. Experience Sedona Legends and Legacies (Sedona: Thorne Enterprises Publications).
Said, E. 1978. Orientalism (New York: Pantheon Books).
Sanders, P. 2008. ‘What Is a Vortex?’ Online: http://freesoul.net/index.php?submenu=Vortex&src=gendocs&link=What is a Vortex&category=LearningOptions&PHPSESSID=49ae4cbaaa8b0a62dbd297efd83a2863 (accessed 3 January 2008).
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Sedona Journal of Emergence. June 2006, 16.6.
Swatos, W.H. 2006a. ‘Preface: Half and Half’, in Swatos 2006c: vii-xvi.
________. 2006b. ‘For Charles and For England: Pilgrimage without Tourism’, in Swatos 2006c: 1-32.
Swatos, W.H. (ed.). 2006c. On the Road to Being There: Studies in Pilgrimage and Tourism in Late Modernity (Boston: Brill).
Taylor, B. 1997. ‘Earthen Spirituality or Cultural Genocide?: Radical Environmentalism’s Appropriation of Native American Spirituality,’ Religion 27: 183-215. doi:10.1006/reli.1996.0042.
Taylor, C. 1989. Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Thompson, J.B. 1995. The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Tomlinson, J. 1999. Globalization and Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Tumber, C. 2002. American Feminism and the Birth of New Age Spirituality: Searching for the Higher Self, 1875–1915 (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield).
Turner, L., and J. Ash. 1976. The Golden Hordes: International Tourism and the Pleasure Periphery (New York: St Martin’s Press).
Urban, Hugh B. 2005. ‘Osho, from Sex Guru to Guru of the Rich’, in Thomas A. Forstheofel and Cynthia A. Humes (eds.), Gurus in America (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press): 169-92.
Urry, J. 1990. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Society (London: Sage).
Vukonic, B. 1996. Tourism and Religion (trans. Sanja Matesic; New York: Pergamon).
York, M. 2005. ‘Contemporary Pagan Pilgrimages’, in W.H. Swatos and L. Tomasi (eds.), From Medieval Pilgrimage to Religious Tourism: The Social and Cultural Economics of Piety (Westport, CT: Praeger): 137-58.
———. 1992. ‘The Magical Staff: Quantum Healing in the New Age’, in James R. Lewis and J. Gordon Melton (eds.), Perspectives on the New Age (Albany: State University of New York Press): 68-84.
———. 2007. A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion (New Haven: Yale University Press).
AlSayyad, N. (ed.). 2001. Consuming Tradition, Manufacturing Heritage: Global Norms and Urban Forms in the Age of Tourism (New York: Routledge).
Andres, D. 2007. What Is a Vortex? Sedona’s Vortex Sites—A Practical Guide (Sedona: Meta Adventures, 9th edn).
Appadurai, A. 1996. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
Arguelles, Jose. 1998. ‘Harmonic Convergence from Prophecy to the Fourth Dimension Navigating by the Law of Time’. Online: http://www.indigosun.com/april98/harmony.htm (accessed 3 April 2008).
Arntz, W. (Director). 2004. What the Bleep Do We Know!? [Motion Picture] (United States: Samuel Goldwyn Films).
Author Unknown. 1997. ‘Succumbing to Sedona’s Aura’, USA Today LIFE, December 4. Online: http://www.earthwisdomtours.com/pr2.htm (accessed 19 September 2007).
Author Unknown. 2003. ‘The Ten Most Beautiful Places in America’, USA Weekend, 18 May. Online: http://www.usaweekend.com/03_issues/030518/030518springtravel.html (accessed 19 September 2007).
Author Unknown. 2007. Chimayo Today. Online: http://chimayo.org/today.html (accessed 19 September 2007).
Awareness Magazine. May/June 2007, 14: 3.
Beck, U. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (trans. Mark Ritter; London: Sage).
Beck, U., A. Giddens, and S. Lash. 1994. Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Behavior Research Center. 2005. 2005 Sedona Visitor Study (Phoenix, AZ: Research in Public Opinion & Consumer Behavior).
Bowman, M. 2000. ‘More of the Same? Christianity, Vernacular Religion, and Alternative Spirituality in Glastonbury’, in Steven Sutcliffe and Marion Bowman (eds.), Beyond New Age: Exploring Alternative Spirituality (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press): 83-104.
Brown, Michael F. 1997. The Channeling Zone: American Spirituality in an Anxious Age (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
———. 2000. Who Owns Native Culture? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Bryant, P. 1991. ‘Sacred Sedona’, in Sedona Vortex Guidebook (Flagstaff, AZ: Light Technology Publishing): 3-15.
Butcher, J. 2003. The Moralization of Tourism: Sun, Sand—and Saving the World? (Routledge: London).
Butler, R. 1992. ‘Alternative Tourism: The Thin Edge of the Wedge’, in V.L. Smith and W.R. Eadington (eds.), Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press): 31-46.
Byrne, R. 2006. The Secret (New York: Atria Books).
Carrette, J., and R. King. 2005. Selling Spirituality: The Silent Takeover of Religion (New York: Routledge).
Crouch, David. 2002. ‘Surrounded by Place: Embodied Encounters’, in Simon Coleman and Mike Crang (eds.), Tourism: Between Place and Performance (New York: Berghahn Books): 207-18.
Deloria, P.J. 1998. Playing Indian (New Haven: Yale University Press).
Denzin, N.K. 2001. Interpretive Interactionism (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2nd edn).
Digance, Justine. 2006. ‘Religious and Secular Pilgrimage: Journeys Redolent with Meaning’, in Dallen J. Timothy and Daniel H. Olsen (eds.), Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Journeys (New York: Routledge): 36-48.
Dubisch, Jill, and Michael Winkelman (eds.). 2005. Pilgrimage and Healing (Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press).
Eade, John, and Michael J. Sallnow (eds.). 1991. Contesting the Sacred: Anthropology of Christian Pilgrimage (New York: Routledge).
Elliot D. Pollack & Company. 2006. Economic and Fiscal Impact of Annual Tourism in Sedona, Arizona (Scottsdale, AZ: Elliot D. Pollack & Company).
Feifer, M. 1985. Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York: Stein & Day).
Four Corners Magazine. April/May 2007.
Garner, D. 2006. ‘In Search of the Vortex Vibe in Sedona’, New York Times Travel, April 9. Online: http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/04/09/travel/09sedona.html (accessed 19 September 2007).
Giddens, A. 1992. Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in Modern Societies (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press).
Gilmore, L. 2006. ‘Desert Pilgrimage: Liminality, Transformation, and the Other at the Burning Man Festival’, in Swatos 2006c: 125-58.
Gregory, D. 2001. ‘Colonial Nostalgia and Cultures of Travel: Spaces of Constructed Visibility of Egypt’, in AlSayyad 2001: 111-41.
Harrigan, N. 1974. ‘The Legacy of Caribbean History and Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research 11.1: 13-41. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(74)90053-X.
Heelas, Paul. 1996. The New Age Movement: The Celebration of Self and the Sacralization of Modernity (Oxford: Blackwell).
Heelas, P., L. Woodhead, B. Steel, B. Szersynski, and K. Tustig. 2005. The Spiritual Revolution: Why Religion Is Giving Way to Spirituality (Oxford: Blackwell).
Hollinshead, K. 1996. ‘Marketing and Metaphysical Realism: The Disidentification of Aboriginal Life and Traditions’, in R. Butler and T. Hinch (eds.), Tourism and Indigenous People (London: International Thompson Business Press): 308-48.
Hoover, S.M. 2006. Religion in the Media Age (New York: Routledge).
Ivakhiv, A.J. 2001. Claiming Sacred Ground: Pilgrims and Politics at Glastonbury and Sedona (Bloomington: Indiana University Press).
Leach, W. 1993. Land of Desire: Merchants, Power and the Rise of a New American Culture (New York: Pantheon Books).
Lears, T.J. 1981. No Place of Grace: Anti-modernism and the Transformation of American Culture 1880–1920 (New York: Pantheon Books).
Lord of the Winds Films, LLC. 2008. What the Bleep Do We Know? Online: http://www.whatthebleep.com/index2.shtml (accessed 24 July 2008).
Lovelock, J.E. 1979. Gaia, A New Look at Life on Earth (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
———. 1988. The Ages of Gaia: A Biography of Our Living Earth (New York: W.W. Norton & Company).
MacCannell, D. 1992. Empty Meeting Grounds: The Tourist Papers (Routledge: New York).
Minca, Claudio, and Tim Oakes (eds.). 2006. Travels in Paradox: Remapping Tourism (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield).
Mugerauer, R. 2001. ‘Openings to Each Other in the Technological Age’, in Alsayyad 2001: 90-110.
Nash, D. 1989. ‘Tourism as a Form of Imperialism’, in Valene L. Smith (ed.), Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press): 37-54.
The New York Times Best Sellers. 24 July 2008. Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/27/books/bestseller/0727besthardadvice.html (accessed 24 July 2008).
Olsen, B. 2003. Sacred Places North America: 108 Places (Santa Cruz, CA: Consortium of Collective Consciousness).
O’Rourke, D. 1987. Cannibal Tours [videorecording] (Los Angeles: Direct Cinema, Ltd.).
Ozorak, E.W. 2006. ‘The View from the Edge: Pilgrimage and Transformation’, in Swatos 2006c: 61-82.
Possamai, Adam M. 2002. ‘Cultural Consumption of History and Popular Culture in Alternative Spiritualities’, Journal of Consumer Culture 2: 197-218.
Povinelli, E.A. 2001. ‘Consuming Geist: Popontology and the Spirit of Capital in Indigenous Australia’, in J. Comaroff and J.L. Comaroff (eds.), Millennial Capitalism and the Culture of Neoliberalism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press): 241-70.
Preston, J. 1992. ‘Spiritual Magnetism: An Organizing Principle for the Study of Pilgrimage’, in A. Morinis (ed.), Sacred Journeys: The Anthropology of Pilgrimage (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press): 31-46.
Robinson, M. 2001. ‘Tourism Encounters: Inter- and Intra-cultural Conflicts and the World’s Largest Industry’, in AlSayyad 2001: 34-67.
Rountree, Kathryn. 2006. ‘Journeys to the Goddess: Pilgrimage and Tourism in the New Age’, in Swatos 2006c: 33-60.
Ruland-Thorne, K. 2004. Experience Sedona Legends and Legacies (Sedona: Thorne Enterprises Publications).
Said, E. 1978. Orientalism (New York: Pantheon Books).
Sanders, P. 2008. ‘What Is a Vortex?’ Online: http://freesoul.net/index.php?submenu=Vortex&src=gendocs&link=What is a Vortex&category=LearningOptions&PHPSESSID=49ae4cbaaa8b0a62dbd297efd83a2863 (accessed 3 January 2008).
Satinover, J. 2001. The Quantum Brain (New York: John Wiley & Sons).
Sedona Chamber of Commerce. 2006. ‘Welcome to Sedona, Arizona’. Online: http://visitsedona.com/ (accessed 8 February 2008).
Sedona Journal of Emergence. June 2006, 16.6.
Swatos, W.H. 2006a. ‘Preface: Half and Half’, in Swatos 2006c: vii-xvi.
________. 2006b. ‘For Charles and For England: Pilgrimage without Tourism’, in Swatos 2006c: 1-32.
Swatos, W.H. (ed.). 2006c. On the Road to Being There: Studies in Pilgrimage and Tourism in Late Modernity (Boston: Brill).
Taylor, B. 1997. ‘Earthen Spirituality or Cultural Genocide?: Radical Environmentalism’s Appropriation of Native American Spirituality,’ Religion 27: 183-215. doi:10.1006/reli.1996.0042.
Taylor, C. 1989. Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Thompson, J.B. 1995. The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Tomlinson, J. 1999. Globalization and Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Tumber, C. 2002. American Feminism and the Birth of New Age Spirituality: Searching for the Higher Self, 1875–1915 (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield).
Turner, L., and J. Ash. 1976. The Golden Hordes: International Tourism and the Pleasure Periphery (New York: St Martin’s Press).
Urban, Hugh B. 2005. ‘Osho, from Sex Guru to Guru of the Rich’, in Thomas A. Forstheofel and Cynthia A. Humes (eds.), Gurus in America (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press): 169-92.
Urry, J. 1990. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Society (London: Sage).
Vukonic, B. 1996. Tourism and Religion (trans. Sanja Matesic; New York: Pergamon).
York, M. 2005. ‘Contemporary Pagan Pilgrimages’, in W.H. Swatos and L. Tomasi (eds.), From Medieval Pilgrimage to Religious Tourism: The Social and Cultural Economics of Piety (Westport, CT: Praeger): 137-58.
Published
2009-03-17
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Coats, C. (2009). Is the Womb Barren? A Located Study of Spiritual Tourism in Sedona, Arizona, and Its Possible Effects on Eco-consciousness. Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, 2(4), 483-507. https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.v2i4.483
