Earthbound Social Movements and the Anthropocene
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.39633Keywords:
Social Movements, Anthropocene, Rights of Nature, Land, EarthboundAbstract
Despite a growing body of Anthropocene research, less attention has been given to how these changing dynamics are impacting social movements. This work addresses this gap in the literature by developing a critical reading of social movements and the Anthropocene that draws on social movement studies and environmental political theory. I argue a new social movement formation is appearing, which I call the Earthbound people. I show how a new Earth-centered cosmopolitics is emerging in response to the Anthropocene by drawing on diverse examples of global social and environmental justice and Indigenous rights struggles over land and water.
References
Adler, Margot. 2006. Drawing Down the Moon (New York: Penguin Books).
Alam, Badrul. 2014. ‘Climate Justice Built from the Grass Roots’, International Viewpoint, November 24. Online: http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article3746.
Alfred, Taiaiake. 2005. Wasáse: Indigenous Pathways of Action and Freedom (Toronto: University of Toronto Press).
Angus, Ian. 2016. Facing the Anthropocene: Fossil Capitalism and the Crisis of the Earth System (New York: Monthly Review Press).
Anthropocene Working Group. 2019. The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit: A Guide to the Scienti?c Evidence and Current Debate (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Apffel-Marglin, Frédérique. 2011. Subversive Spiritualities: How Rituals Enact the World (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199793853.001.0001.
Baer, Hans. 2011. ‘The International Climate Justice Movement: A Comparison with the Australian Climate Movement’, Australian Journal of Anthropology 22.2: 256-60. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-6547.2011.00128.x.
Bauman, Whitney. 2014. Religion and Ecology: Developing a Planetary Ethic (New York: Columbia University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.7312/baum16342.
Becker, Marc. 2010. Pachakutik: Indigenous Movements and Electoral Politics in Ecuador (Plymouth: Rowman & Little?eld Publishers).
Black Lives Matter. 2016. ‘Black Lives Matter Stands in Solidarity with Water Protectors at Standing Rock’. Online: https://web.archive.org/web/20161001191459/https://blacklivesmatter.com/solidarity-with-standing-rock/.
Bonneuil, Christophe, and Jean Baptists Fressoz. 2016. The Shock of the Anthropocene: The Earth, History, and Us (trans. David Fernbach; New York: Verso).
Bresette, Walter, and Rick Whaley. 1994. Walleye Warriors: An Effective Alliance against Racism and for the Earth (Philadelphia: New Society).
Brigg, Morgan. 2007. ‘Biopolitics Meets Terrapolitics: Political Ontologies and Governance in Settler-Colonial Australia’, Australian Journal of Political Science 42.3: 403-17. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10361140701513554.
Burdon, Peter (ed.). 2011. Exploring Wild Law: The Philosophy of Earth Jurisprudence (Kent Town: Wake?eld Press).
Chitnis, Rucha. 2016. ‘How Women-Led Movements Are Rede?ning Power, from California to Nepal’, Yes! Magazine, March 8. Online: https://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/how-women-led-movements-are-rede?ning-power-from-california-to-nepal-20160308.
Cox, Laurence, and Alf Gunvald Nilsen. 2007. ‘Social Movements Research and the “Movement of Movements”: Studying Resistance to Neoliberal Globalisation’, Social Compass 1.2: 424-42. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00051.x.
Crews, Chris. 2015. ‘When the Anthropocene Came to Halji’, State of Formation. Online: http://www.stateofformation.org/2015/01/when-the-anthropocene-came-to-halji/.
Crutzen, Paul. 2002. ‘Geology of Mankind’, Nature 415: 23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/415023a.
Crutzen, Paul, and Eugene Stoermer. 2000. ‘The “Anthropocene”’, Global Change Newsletter 41: 17.
Cullinan, Cormac. 2003. Wild Law: A Manifesto for Earth Justice (Totnes: Green Books).
Dalby, Simon. 2013. ‘Rethinking Geopolitics: Climate Security in the Anthropocene’, Global Policy 5.1: 1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12074.
DAWN. 2017. ‘Activists Want Indus River Declared Human with All Fundamental Rights’, Dawn, August 3. Online: https://www.dawn.com/news/1349184.
De La Cadena, Marisol. 2010. ‘Indigenous Cosmopolitics in the Andes: Conceptual Re?ections Beyond “Politics”’, Cultural Anthropology 25.2: 334-70. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01061.x.
della Porta, Donatella. 2006. Social Movements: An Introduction (Malden: Blackwell Publishing).
della Porta, Donatella, and Raffaele Marchetti. 2011. ‘Transnational Activism and the Global Justice Movement’, in Gerard Delanty and Stephen Turner (eds.), Handbook of Contemporary Social and Political Theory (London: Routledge): 428-38.
Di Chiro, Giovanna. 2016. ‘Environmental Justice and the Anthropocene Meme’, in Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press): 362-84. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.18.
Diani, Mario. 1992. ‘The Concept of Social Movement’, The Sociological Review 40.1: 1-25. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1992.tb02943.x.
Earth Law Center. 2017. ‘Universal Declaration of River Rights’. Online: https://www.earthlawcenter.org/river-rights.
Eckersley, Robyn. 2017. ‘Geopolitan Democracy in the Anthropocene’, Political Studies 65.4: 983-99. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321717695293.
Ecuadorian National Assembly. 2008. ‘National Assembly’, Ecuadorian National Assembly. Online: https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/sites/default/?les/documents/old/constitucion_de_bolsillo.pdf.
Ellis, Erle. 2018. Anthropocene: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198792987.001.0001.
Environmental Justice Foundation. 2017. ‘Beyond Borders: Our Changing Climate—Its Role in Con?ct and Displacement’. Online: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/beyond-borders-our-changing-climate-its-role-con?ict-and-displacement.
Espinosa, Cristina. 2014. ‘The Advocacy of the Previously Inconceivable: A Discourse Analysis of the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Mother Earth at Rio+20’, Journal of Environment & Development 23.4: 391-416. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496514536049.
Estes, Nick. 2019. Our History Is the Future: Standing Rock Versus the Dakota Access Pipeline, and the Long Tradition of Indigenous Resistance (New York: Verso).
Freeman, Jo. 2000. The Politics of Women’s Liberation: A Case Study of an Emerging Social Movement and Its Relation to the Policy Process (Lincoln: iUniverse Publishers).
Fussel, Hans-Martin. 2009. ‘The Ethical Dilemma of Climate Change: How Unequal Is the Global Distribution of Responsibility for and Vulnerability to Climate Change?’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6.11: 1-3. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/11/112013.
Gaia Foundation. 2019. ‘Rights of Nature Gaining Ground in Uganda’s Legal System: National Environmental Act 2019’. Online: https://www.gaiafoundation.org/
rights-of-nature-gain-ground-in-ugandas-legal-system/.
Gedicks, Al. 1993. The New Resource Wars: Native and Environmental Struggles against Multinational Corporations (Boston: South End Press).
Ghimire, Kléber. 2005. ‘The Contemporary Global Social Movement: Emergent Proposals, Connectivity and Development Implications’ (Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Programme Paper Number 19).
Ghosh, Amitav. 2016. The Great Derangment: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (Chicago: University of Chicago Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226323176.001.0001.
Global Alliance for the Rights of Nature. n.d. ‘Founding Organizations and Members’. Online: https://therightsofnature.org/founding-organizations/.
Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, Esteve Corbera, and Victoria Reyes-García. 2013. ‘Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Global Environmental Change: Research Findings and Policy Implications’, Ecology and Society 18.4: 72-80. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06288-180472.
Gottlieb, Roger (ed.). 2006. The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Ecology (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195178722.001.0001.
Grim, John A. (ed.). 2001. Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, Religions of the World and Ecology (Boston: Center for the Study of World Religions).
Grossman, Zoltan. 2017. Unlikely Alliances: Native Nations and White Communities Join to Defend Rural Lands (Seattle: University of Washington Press).
Hamilton, Clive. 2015. ‘Getting the Anthropocene So Wrong’, The Anthropocene Review 2.2: 102-107. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019615584974.
Hamilton, Clive. 2016. ‘The Anthropocene as Rupture’, The Anthropocene Review 3.2: 93-106. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019616634741.
Hanna, Philippe, Esther Jean Langdon, and Frank Vanclay. 2016. ‘Indigenous Rights, Performativity and Protest’, Land Use Policy 50: 490-506. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.06.034.
Healy, Jack. 2016. ‘From 280 Tribes, a Protest on the Plains’, New York Times, September 11.
Hernandez, Andreas. 2018. ‘Another Worldview Is Possible: Grassroots Social Movements and the “Great Work”’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature, and Culture 18.2: 147-71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.31758.
Ilyas, Faiza. 2017. ‘Concern Voiced over Water Bodies’ Pollution’. Dawn, September 28. Online: https://www.dawn.com/news/1360442.
India TV News. 2015. ‘Meet India’s Billionth Baby Aastha Arora Who Turned 15 This Month!’. Online: https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-billionth-baby-aastha-arora-turns-15-on-may-11-2015-50666.html.
INMIP. 2014. ‘The Bhutan Declaration on Climate Change and Mountain Indigenous Peoples’. Online: https://pubs.iied.org/G03798/.
INMIP. 2015. ‘The Tuggoz Declaration on Climate Change and Mountain Indigenous Peoples’. Online: https://pubs.iied.org/G03979/.
INMIP. 2017. ‘Who We Are’. Online: http://www.inmip.net/international-network-of-mountain-indigenous-people.
IPCC. 2019. ‘Climate Change and Land, an Ipcc Special Report on Climate Change, Deserti?cation, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems’. New York: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
International Institute for Environment and Development. 2005. ‘Protecting Community Rights over Traditional Knowledge: Implications of Customary Laws and Practices’. London: IIED.
Jenkins, Willis, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and John A. Grim (eds.). 2017. Routledge Handbook of Religion and Ecology (New York: Routledge). Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315764788.
Johnson, Greg, and Siv Ellen Kraft. 2017. ‘Standing on the Sacred: Ceremony, Discourse, and Resistance in the Fight against the Black Snake’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature, and Culture 11.1: 131-47. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.32617.
Keck, Margaret, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).
Keene, Adrienne. 2016. ‘#Nodapl: Updates, Resources, and Re?ections’, Native Appropriations. Online: http://nativeappropriations.com/2016/11/nodapl-updates-resources-and-re?ections.html.
Kotzé, Louis J., and Paola Villavicencio Calzadilla. 2018. ‘Living in Harmony with Nature? A Critical Appraisal of the Rights of Mother Earth in Bolivia’, Transnational Environmental Law 7.3: 397-424. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102518000201.
Krishok Federation. 2014. ‘Climate Justice, Gender and Food Sovereignty Caravan 2014’. Online: http://www.krishokfederation.org/caravan-info.html.
La Via Campesina South Asia. 2014. ‘Declaration of the South Asian Caravan 2014 on Climate Justice, Gender and Food Sovereignty’. Online: lvcsouthasia.blogspot.com/2014/12/south-asian-climate-justice-caravan.html.
LaDuke, Winona. 1999. All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life (Cambridge: South End Press).
LaDuke, Winona. 2005. Recovering the Sacred: The Power of Naming and Claiming (Cambridge: South End Press, 2nd edn).
Lang, Miriam. 2019. ‘Ecuador: Historical Victory of the Indigenous and Popular Movements’, Radical Ecological Democracy. Online: https://www.radicalecologicaldemocracy.org/historical-victory-in-ecuador/.
Latour, Bruno. 2004. ‘Whose Cosmos, Which Cosmopolitics? Comments on the Peace Terms of Ulrich Beck’, Common Knowledge 10.3: 450-62. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0961754X-10-3-450.
Latour, Bruno. 2013. ‘Facing Gaia: Six Lectures on the Political Theology of Nature’. Gifford Lectures, Edinburgh. Online: https://www.giffordlectures.org/lectures/facing-gaia-new-enquiry-natural-religion.
Latour, Bruno. 2017. Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climatic Regime (London: Polity Press).
Lautensach, Alexander, and Sabine Lautensach. 2013. ‘Why “Sustainable Development” Is Often Neither: A Constructive Critique’, Challenges in Sustainability 1.1: 3-15. Doi: https://doi.org/10.12924/cis2013.01010003.
Lewis, Simon, and Mark Maslin. 2015. ‘De?ning the Anthropocene’, Nature, March 11: 171-80. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14258.
Luciano, Eugenio. 2019. ‘The Anthropocene in Its Early Scienti?c Phase (2000-2009): Objects and Objectives’ (paper presented at the 10th Biennial European Society for Environmental History [ESEH] Conference, ‘Boundaries in/of Environmental History’, Tallinn).
Maf?, Luisa. 2001. On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press).
Maf?, Luisa, and Ortixia Dilts. 2014. ‘Biocultural Diversity Toolkit: An Introduction to Biocultural Diversity’ (Salt Spring Island: Terralingua).
Malm, Andreas. 2015. ‘The Anthropocene Myth’, Jacobin, March 20. Online: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/03/anthropocene-capitalism-climate-change/.
Maslin, Mark A., and Simon L. Lewis. 2015. ‘Anthropocene: Earth System, Geological, Philosophical and Political Paradigm Shifts’, The Anthropocene Review 2.2: 108-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019615588791.
McClurg Mueller, Carol. 1992. ‘Building Social Movement Theory’, in Aldon Morris and Carol McClung Muller (eds.), Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (New Haven: Yale University Press): 3-26.
McNeill, John Robert, and Peter Engelke. 2016. The Great Acceleration: An Environmental History of the Anthropocene since 1945 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674970731.
Meyer, Robinson. 2019. ‘The Cataclysmic Break That (Maybe) Occurred in 1950’, The Atlantic, April 16: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/04/great-debate-over-when-anthropocene-started/587194/.
Miller, Emily McFarlan. 2016. ‘The “Spiritual Battle” over the Dakota Access Pipeline’, National Catholic Reporter, September 19. Online: https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/eco-catholic/spiritual-battle-over-dakota-access-pipeline.
Möllers, Nina. 2014. ‘Welcome to the Anthropocene: The Earth in Our Hands’, Environment & Society Portal, Virtual Exhibitions, Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society. Online: http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/anthropocene/huge-variety-possibilities-interview-nobel-laureate-paul-crutzen-his-life.
Moore, Jason (ed.). 2016. Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism (Oakland: PM Press).
Mount, Nick. 2017. ‘Can a River Have Legal Rights? I Visited the Jungles of Colombia to Find Out’, The Conversation. Online: https://theconversation.com/can-a-river-have-legal-rights-i-visited-the-jungles-of-colombia-to-?nd-out-84878.
Nash, Roderick Frazier. 1989. The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press).
Nichols, Kyle, and Bina Gogineni. 2018. ‘The Anthropocene’s Dating Problem: Insights from the Geosciences and the Humanities’, The Anthropocene Review 5.2: 107-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019618784971.
O’Donnell, Erin. 2018. ‘At the Intersection of the Sacred and the Legal: Rights for Nature in Uttarakhand, India’, Journal of Environmental Law 30.1: 135-44. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqx026.
Parliament of New Zealand. 2017. ‘Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act 2017’. Online: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2017/0007/17.0/DLM6830851.html.
Parque del Papa. n.d. ‘About Us’. Online: www.parquedelapapa.org/what-we-do/.
Pellow, David N. 2014. Total Liberation: The Power and Promise of Animal Rights and the Radical Earth Movement (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816687763.001.0001.
Pike, Sarah. 2017. For the Wild: Ritual and Commitment in Radical Eco-Activism (Oakland: University of California Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294950.001.0001.
Piven, Frances Fox, and Richard Cloward. 1979. Poor People’s Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail (New York: Random House).
Plurinational Government of Bolivia. 2010. ‘Ley De Derechos De La Madre Tierra’. Cochabamba.
Polet, François, and CETRI. 2004. Globalizing Resistance: The State of Struggle (London: Pluto Press).
Posey, Darrell (ed.). 1999. Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity (Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme). Doi: https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780445434.
Revkin, Andrew. 2014. ‘Exploring Academia’s Role in Charting Paths to a “Good” Anthropocene’, New York Times, June 16. Online: https://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/06/16/exploring-academias-role-in-charting-paths-to-a-good-anthropocene/.
Rogers, Nicole, and Michelle Maloney (eds.). 2018. Law as If Earth Really Mattered (London: Routledge Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315618319.
Roy, Eleanor Ainge. 2017. ‘New Zealand River Granted Same Legal Rights as Human Being’, The Guardian, March 16. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/16/new-zealand-river-granted-same-legal-rights-as-human-being.
Rozzi, Ricardo. 2015. ‘Implications of the Biocultural Ethics for Earth’, in Ricardo Rozzi, S.T.A. Pickett, Claire Palmer, J.J. Armesto, and J. Baird Callicott (eds.), Linking Ecology and Ethics for a Changing World: Values, Philosophy, and Action (Berlin: Springer): 113-36.
Rozzi, Ricardo, R.H. May Jr., F.S. Chapin III, F. Massardo, M.C. Gavin, I.J. Klaver, A. Pauchard, M. Nunez, and D. Simberloff (eds.). 2018. From Biocultural Homogenization to Biocultural Conservation (New York: Springer). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99513-7.
Ruddiman, William. 2018. ‘Three Flaws in De?ning a Formal “Anthropocene”‘, Progress in Physical Geography 42.4: 451-61. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318783142.
Ruddiman, William, and Jonathan Thomson. 2001. ‘The Case for Human Causes of Increased Atmospheric Ch4 over the Last 5000 Years’, Quaternary Science Reviews 20.18: 1769-77. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00067-1.
Sa?, Michael. 2017. ‘Ganges and Yamuna Rivers Granted Same Legal Rights as Human Beings’, The Guardian, March 21. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/21/ganges-and-yamuna-rivers-granted-same-legal-rights-as-human-beings.
Sarmiento, Fausto O., and Sarah Hitchner (eds.). 2017. Indigeneity and the Sacred: Indigenous Revival and the Conservation of Sacred Natural Sites in the Americas (New York: Berghan Books).
Schlosberg, David. 2007. De?ning Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286294.001.0001.
Scranton, Roy. 2015. Learning to Die in the Anthropocene: Re?ections on the End of a Civilization (San Francisco: City Lights Books).
Shiva, Vandana. 1991. Ecology and the Politics of Survival: Con?icts over Natural Resources in India (London: Sage Publishers).
Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake. 2017. As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom through Radical Resistance (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt77c.
Smith, Jackie. 2015. ‘The Transnational Network for Democratic Globalization’, in Jeff Goodwin and James Jasper (eds.), The Social Movements Reader: Cases and Concepts (Oxford: John Wiley Publishers): 184-95.
Starhawk. 2005. The Earth Path: Grounding Your Spirit in the Rhythms of Nature (New York: Harper Collins).
Steffen, Will, Wendy Broadgate, and Lisa Deutsch. 2015. ‘The Trajectory of the Anthropocene: The Great Acceleration’, The Anthropocene Review 2.1: 81-98. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019614564785.
Steger, Manfred, James Goodman, and Erin Wilson. 2012. Justice Globalism: Ideology, Crisis, Policy (London: Sage Publications).
Stengers, Isabelle. 2003. Cosmopolitics I (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
Stone, Christopher. 1972. ‘Should Trees Have Standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects’, California Law Review 45: 306-12.
Talbot-Jones, Julia. 2018. ‘Flowing from Fiction to Fact: The Challenges of Implementing Legal Rights for Rivers’, International Water Law Project. Online: https://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/blog/2018/05/07/?owing-from-?ction-to-fact-the-challenges-of-implementing-legal-rights-for-rivers/.
Tarrow, Sidney. 2005. The New Transnational Activism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791055.
Taylor, Bron. 1995a. Ecological Resistance Movements: The Global Emergence of Radical and Popular Environmentalism (Albany: SUNY Press).
Taylor, Bron. 1995b. ‘Resacralizing Earth: Pagan Environmentalism and the Restoration of Turtle Island’, in David Chidester and Edward T. Linenthal (eds.), American Sacred Space (Bloomington: Indiana University Press): 97-151.
Taylor, Bron. 1997. ‘Earthen Spirituality or Cultural Genocide: Radical Environmentalism’s Appropriation of Native American Spirituality’, Religion 17.2: 183-215. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/reli.1996.0042.
Taylor, Bron. 2001. ‘Earth and Nature-Based Spirituality (Part Ii): From Earth First! And Bioregionalism to Scienti?c Paganism and the New Age’, Religion 31: 225-45. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/reli.2000.0257.
Taylor, Bron. (ed.). 2005. The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature (London: Continuum).
Taylor, Bron. 2010. Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future (Berkeley: University of California Press).
Tierra Digna. 2019. ‘Todas Y Todos Somos Guardiens Del Atrato’, (Bogotá). Online: http://tierradigna.org/pdfs/SomosGuardianesDelAtrato.pdf.
Tokar, Brian. 2014. Towards Climate Justice: Perspectives on the Climate Crisis and Social Change (Porsgrunn: New Compass Press).
Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt, Heather Anne Swanson, Elaine Gan, and Nils Bubandt (eds.). 2017. Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet: Ghosts and Monsters of the Anthropocene (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
United Nations. 2000. ‘UN General Assembly Resolution a/55/L.2’ (New York: United Nations).
United Nations. 2007. ‘United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (a/Res/61/295)’ (New York: United Nations).
United Nations. 2015. ‘Paris Agreement’ (New York: United Nations).
Vaidyanathan, A. 2017. ‘No, Ganga and Yamuna Are Not Living Entities, Says Supreme Court’. New Delhi Television, July 7. Online: https://www.ndtv.com/
india-news/no-yamuna-and-ganga-are-not-living-entities-says-supreme-court-1721833.
Vretta-Kouskoleka, Helen. 1991. ‘Water Is Life, Volume I’ (Athens: UNEP).
Wapner, Paul. 1995. ‘Politics Beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics’, World Politics 47.3: 331-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100016415.
Waters, Hannah. 2016. ‘Where in the World Is the Anthropocene?’. Smithsonian Magazine, August 30. Online: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/where-world-anthropocene-180960241/.
Whyte, Kyle Powys. 2016. ‘Our Ancestors’ Dystopia Now: Indigenous Conservation and the Anthropocene’, in Ursula K. Heise, Jon Christensen, and Michelle Niemann (eds.), Routledge Companion to the Environmental Humanities (New York: Routledge): 206-15.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 2009. Philosophical Investigations (trans. G.E.M. Anscombe, P.M.S. Hacker, and Joachim Schulte; West Sussex: Blackwell Publishing).
World Meteorological Organization. 2018. ‘Global Warming of 1.5°C’ (Geneva: World Meteorological Organization).
World People’s Conference. 2010a. ‘Final Conclusions of Working Group (16) on Action Strategies’, World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth. Online: https://pwccc.wordpress.com/2010/04/29/?nal-conclusions-working-group-16-action-strategies/.
World People’s Conference. 2010b. ‘Universal Declaration of Rights of Mother Earth’, World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth. Online: https://pwccc.wordpress.com/programa/.
Youatt, Ra?. 2017. ‘Personhood and the Rights of Nature: The New Subject of Contemporary Earth Politics’, International Political Sociology 11.1: 39-54. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olw032.
Yusoff, Kathryn. 2018. A Billion Black Anthropocenes or None (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.5749/9781452962054.
Zalasiewicz, Jan, Mark Williams, Will Steffen, and Paul Crutzen. 2010. ‘The New World of the Anthropocene’, Environmental Science and Technology 44.7: 2228-31. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/es903118j.
Zalasiewicz, Jan, Mark Williams, Colin N. Waters, Anthony D. Barnosky, John Palmesino, Ann-So? Rönnskog, and Matt Edgeworth. 2017. ‘Scale and Diversity of the Physical Technosphere: A Geological Perspective’, The Anthropocene Review 4.1: 9-22. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743.
Alam, Badrul. 2014. ‘Climate Justice Built from the Grass Roots’, International Viewpoint, November 24. Online: http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article3746.
Alfred, Taiaiake. 2005. Wasáse: Indigenous Pathways of Action and Freedom (Toronto: University of Toronto Press).
Angus, Ian. 2016. Facing the Anthropocene: Fossil Capitalism and the Crisis of the Earth System (New York: Monthly Review Press).
Anthropocene Working Group. 2019. The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit: A Guide to the Scienti?c Evidence and Current Debate (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Apffel-Marglin, Frédérique. 2011. Subversive Spiritualities: How Rituals Enact the World (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199793853.001.0001.
Baer, Hans. 2011. ‘The International Climate Justice Movement: A Comparison with the Australian Climate Movement’, Australian Journal of Anthropology 22.2: 256-60. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-6547.2011.00128.x.
Bauman, Whitney. 2014. Religion and Ecology: Developing a Planetary Ethic (New York: Columbia University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.7312/baum16342.
Becker, Marc. 2010. Pachakutik: Indigenous Movements and Electoral Politics in Ecuador (Plymouth: Rowman & Little?eld Publishers).
Black Lives Matter. 2016. ‘Black Lives Matter Stands in Solidarity with Water Protectors at Standing Rock’. Online: https://web.archive.org/web/20161001191459/https://blacklivesmatter.com/solidarity-with-standing-rock/.
Bonneuil, Christophe, and Jean Baptists Fressoz. 2016. The Shock of the Anthropocene: The Earth, History, and Us (trans. David Fernbach; New York: Verso).
Bresette, Walter, and Rick Whaley. 1994. Walleye Warriors: An Effective Alliance against Racism and for the Earth (Philadelphia: New Society).
Brigg, Morgan. 2007. ‘Biopolitics Meets Terrapolitics: Political Ontologies and Governance in Settler-Colonial Australia’, Australian Journal of Political Science 42.3: 403-17. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10361140701513554.
Burdon, Peter (ed.). 2011. Exploring Wild Law: The Philosophy of Earth Jurisprudence (Kent Town: Wake?eld Press).
Chitnis, Rucha. 2016. ‘How Women-Led Movements Are Rede?ning Power, from California to Nepal’, Yes! Magazine, March 8. Online: https://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/how-women-led-movements-are-rede?ning-power-from-california-to-nepal-20160308.
Cox, Laurence, and Alf Gunvald Nilsen. 2007. ‘Social Movements Research and the “Movement of Movements”: Studying Resistance to Neoliberal Globalisation’, Social Compass 1.2: 424-42. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00051.x.
Crews, Chris. 2015. ‘When the Anthropocene Came to Halji’, State of Formation. Online: http://www.stateofformation.org/2015/01/when-the-anthropocene-came-to-halji/.
Crutzen, Paul. 2002. ‘Geology of Mankind’, Nature 415: 23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/415023a.
Crutzen, Paul, and Eugene Stoermer. 2000. ‘The “Anthropocene”’, Global Change Newsletter 41: 17.
Cullinan, Cormac. 2003. Wild Law: A Manifesto for Earth Justice (Totnes: Green Books).
Dalby, Simon. 2013. ‘Rethinking Geopolitics: Climate Security in the Anthropocene’, Global Policy 5.1: 1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12074.
DAWN. 2017. ‘Activists Want Indus River Declared Human with All Fundamental Rights’, Dawn, August 3. Online: https://www.dawn.com/news/1349184.
De La Cadena, Marisol. 2010. ‘Indigenous Cosmopolitics in the Andes: Conceptual Re?ections Beyond “Politics”’, Cultural Anthropology 25.2: 334-70. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01061.x.
della Porta, Donatella. 2006. Social Movements: An Introduction (Malden: Blackwell Publishing).
della Porta, Donatella, and Raffaele Marchetti. 2011. ‘Transnational Activism and the Global Justice Movement’, in Gerard Delanty and Stephen Turner (eds.), Handbook of Contemporary Social and Political Theory (London: Routledge): 428-38.
Di Chiro, Giovanna. 2016. ‘Environmental Justice and the Anthropocene Meme’, in Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press): 362-84. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.18.
Diani, Mario. 1992. ‘The Concept of Social Movement’, The Sociological Review 40.1: 1-25. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1992.tb02943.x.
Earth Law Center. 2017. ‘Universal Declaration of River Rights’. Online: https://www.earthlawcenter.org/river-rights.
Eckersley, Robyn. 2017. ‘Geopolitan Democracy in the Anthropocene’, Political Studies 65.4: 983-99. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321717695293.
Ecuadorian National Assembly. 2008. ‘National Assembly’, Ecuadorian National Assembly. Online: https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/sites/default/?les/documents/old/constitucion_de_bolsillo.pdf.
Ellis, Erle. 2018. Anthropocene: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198792987.001.0001.
Environmental Justice Foundation. 2017. ‘Beyond Borders: Our Changing Climate—Its Role in Con?ct and Displacement’. Online: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/beyond-borders-our-changing-climate-its-role-con?ict-and-displacement.
Espinosa, Cristina. 2014. ‘The Advocacy of the Previously Inconceivable: A Discourse Analysis of the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Mother Earth at Rio+20’, Journal of Environment & Development 23.4: 391-416. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496514536049.
Estes, Nick. 2019. Our History Is the Future: Standing Rock Versus the Dakota Access Pipeline, and the Long Tradition of Indigenous Resistance (New York: Verso).
Freeman, Jo. 2000. The Politics of Women’s Liberation: A Case Study of an Emerging Social Movement and Its Relation to the Policy Process (Lincoln: iUniverse Publishers).
Fussel, Hans-Martin. 2009. ‘The Ethical Dilemma of Climate Change: How Unequal Is the Global Distribution of Responsibility for and Vulnerability to Climate Change?’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6.11: 1-3. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/11/112013.
Gaia Foundation. 2019. ‘Rights of Nature Gaining Ground in Uganda’s Legal System: National Environmental Act 2019’. Online: https://www.gaiafoundation.org/
rights-of-nature-gain-ground-in-ugandas-legal-system/.
Gedicks, Al. 1993. The New Resource Wars: Native and Environmental Struggles against Multinational Corporations (Boston: South End Press).
Ghimire, Kléber. 2005. ‘The Contemporary Global Social Movement: Emergent Proposals, Connectivity and Development Implications’ (Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Programme Paper Number 19).
Ghosh, Amitav. 2016. The Great Derangment: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (Chicago: University of Chicago Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226323176.001.0001.
Global Alliance for the Rights of Nature. n.d. ‘Founding Organizations and Members’. Online: https://therightsofnature.org/founding-organizations/.
Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, Esteve Corbera, and Victoria Reyes-García. 2013. ‘Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Global Environmental Change: Research Findings and Policy Implications’, Ecology and Society 18.4: 72-80. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06288-180472.
Gottlieb, Roger (ed.). 2006. The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Ecology (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195178722.001.0001.
Grim, John A. (ed.). 2001. Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, Religions of the World and Ecology (Boston: Center for the Study of World Religions).
Grossman, Zoltan. 2017. Unlikely Alliances: Native Nations and White Communities Join to Defend Rural Lands (Seattle: University of Washington Press).
Hamilton, Clive. 2015. ‘Getting the Anthropocene So Wrong’, The Anthropocene Review 2.2: 102-107. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019615584974.
Hamilton, Clive. 2016. ‘The Anthropocene as Rupture’, The Anthropocene Review 3.2: 93-106. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019616634741.
Hanna, Philippe, Esther Jean Langdon, and Frank Vanclay. 2016. ‘Indigenous Rights, Performativity and Protest’, Land Use Policy 50: 490-506. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.06.034.
Healy, Jack. 2016. ‘From 280 Tribes, a Protest on the Plains’, New York Times, September 11.
Hernandez, Andreas. 2018. ‘Another Worldview Is Possible: Grassroots Social Movements and the “Great Work”’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature, and Culture 18.2: 147-71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.31758.
Ilyas, Faiza. 2017. ‘Concern Voiced over Water Bodies’ Pollution’. Dawn, September 28. Online: https://www.dawn.com/news/1360442.
India TV News. 2015. ‘Meet India’s Billionth Baby Aastha Arora Who Turned 15 This Month!’. Online: https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-billionth-baby-aastha-arora-turns-15-on-may-11-2015-50666.html.
INMIP. 2014. ‘The Bhutan Declaration on Climate Change and Mountain Indigenous Peoples’. Online: https://pubs.iied.org/G03798/.
INMIP. 2015. ‘The Tuggoz Declaration on Climate Change and Mountain Indigenous Peoples’. Online: https://pubs.iied.org/G03979/.
INMIP. 2017. ‘Who We Are’. Online: http://www.inmip.net/international-network-of-mountain-indigenous-people.
IPCC. 2019. ‘Climate Change and Land, an Ipcc Special Report on Climate Change, Deserti?cation, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems’. New York: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
International Institute for Environment and Development. 2005. ‘Protecting Community Rights over Traditional Knowledge: Implications of Customary Laws and Practices’. London: IIED.
Jenkins, Willis, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and John A. Grim (eds.). 2017. Routledge Handbook of Religion and Ecology (New York: Routledge). Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315764788.
Johnson, Greg, and Siv Ellen Kraft. 2017. ‘Standing on the Sacred: Ceremony, Discourse, and Resistance in the Fight against the Black Snake’, Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature, and Culture 11.1: 131-47. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.32617.
Keck, Margaret, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).
Keene, Adrienne. 2016. ‘#Nodapl: Updates, Resources, and Re?ections’, Native Appropriations. Online: http://nativeappropriations.com/2016/11/nodapl-updates-resources-and-re?ections.html.
Kotzé, Louis J., and Paola Villavicencio Calzadilla. 2018. ‘Living in Harmony with Nature? A Critical Appraisal of the Rights of Mother Earth in Bolivia’, Transnational Environmental Law 7.3: 397-424. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102518000201.
Krishok Federation. 2014. ‘Climate Justice, Gender and Food Sovereignty Caravan 2014’. Online: http://www.krishokfederation.org/caravan-info.html.
La Via Campesina South Asia. 2014. ‘Declaration of the South Asian Caravan 2014 on Climate Justice, Gender and Food Sovereignty’. Online: lvcsouthasia.blogspot.com/2014/12/south-asian-climate-justice-caravan.html.
LaDuke, Winona. 1999. All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life (Cambridge: South End Press).
LaDuke, Winona. 2005. Recovering the Sacred: The Power of Naming and Claiming (Cambridge: South End Press, 2nd edn).
Lang, Miriam. 2019. ‘Ecuador: Historical Victory of the Indigenous and Popular Movements’, Radical Ecological Democracy. Online: https://www.radicalecologicaldemocracy.org/historical-victory-in-ecuador/.
Latour, Bruno. 2004. ‘Whose Cosmos, Which Cosmopolitics? Comments on the Peace Terms of Ulrich Beck’, Common Knowledge 10.3: 450-62. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0961754X-10-3-450.
Latour, Bruno. 2013. ‘Facing Gaia: Six Lectures on the Political Theology of Nature’. Gifford Lectures, Edinburgh. Online: https://www.giffordlectures.org/lectures/facing-gaia-new-enquiry-natural-religion.
Latour, Bruno. 2017. Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climatic Regime (London: Polity Press).
Lautensach, Alexander, and Sabine Lautensach. 2013. ‘Why “Sustainable Development” Is Often Neither: A Constructive Critique’, Challenges in Sustainability 1.1: 3-15. Doi: https://doi.org/10.12924/cis2013.01010003.
Lewis, Simon, and Mark Maslin. 2015. ‘De?ning the Anthropocene’, Nature, March 11: 171-80. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14258.
Luciano, Eugenio. 2019. ‘The Anthropocene in Its Early Scienti?c Phase (2000-2009): Objects and Objectives’ (paper presented at the 10th Biennial European Society for Environmental History [ESEH] Conference, ‘Boundaries in/of Environmental History’, Tallinn).
Maf?, Luisa. 2001. On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press).
Maf?, Luisa, and Ortixia Dilts. 2014. ‘Biocultural Diversity Toolkit: An Introduction to Biocultural Diversity’ (Salt Spring Island: Terralingua).
Malm, Andreas. 2015. ‘The Anthropocene Myth’, Jacobin, March 20. Online: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/03/anthropocene-capitalism-climate-change/.
Maslin, Mark A., and Simon L. Lewis. 2015. ‘Anthropocene: Earth System, Geological, Philosophical and Political Paradigm Shifts’, The Anthropocene Review 2.2: 108-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019615588791.
McClurg Mueller, Carol. 1992. ‘Building Social Movement Theory’, in Aldon Morris and Carol McClung Muller (eds.), Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (New Haven: Yale University Press): 3-26.
McNeill, John Robert, and Peter Engelke. 2016. The Great Acceleration: An Environmental History of the Anthropocene since 1945 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674970731.
Meyer, Robinson. 2019. ‘The Cataclysmic Break That (Maybe) Occurred in 1950’, The Atlantic, April 16: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/04/great-debate-over-when-anthropocene-started/587194/.
Miller, Emily McFarlan. 2016. ‘The “Spiritual Battle” over the Dakota Access Pipeline’, National Catholic Reporter, September 19. Online: https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/eco-catholic/spiritual-battle-over-dakota-access-pipeline.
Möllers, Nina. 2014. ‘Welcome to the Anthropocene: The Earth in Our Hands’, Environment & Society Portal, Virtual Exhibitions, Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society. Online: http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/anthropocene/huge-variety-possibilities-interview-nobel-laureate-paul-crutzen-his-life.
Moore, Jason (ed.). 2016. Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism (Oakland: PM Press).
Mount, Nick. 2017. ‘Can a River Have Legal Rights? I Visited the Jungles of Colombia to Find Out’, The Conversation. Online: https://theconversation.com/can-a-river-have-legal-rights-i-visited-the-jungles-of-colombia-to-?nd-out-84878.
Nash, Roderick Frazier. 1989. The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press).
Nichols, Kyle, and Bina Gogineni. 2018. ‘The Anthropocene’s Dating Problem: Insights from the Geosciences and the Humanities’, The Anthropocene Review 5.2: 107-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019618784971.
O’Donnell, Erin. 2018. ‘At the Intersection of the Sacred and the Legal: Rights for Nature in Uttarakhand, India’, Journal of Environmental Law 30.1: 135-44. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqx026.
Parliament of New Zealand. 2017. ‘Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act 2017’. Online: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2017/0007/17.0/DLM6830851.html.
Parque del Papa. n.d. ‘About Us’. Online: www.parquedelapapa.org/what-we-do/.
Pellow, David N. 2014. Total Liberation: The Power and Promise of Animal Rights and the Radical Earth Movement (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816687763.001.0001.
Pike, Sarah. 2017. For the Wild: Ritual and Commitment in Radical Eco-Activism (Oakland: University of California Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294950.001.0001.
Piven, Frances Fox, and Richard Cloward. 1979. Poor People’s Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail (New York: Random House).
Plurinational Government of Bolivia. 2010. ‘Ley De Derechos De La Madre Tierra’. Cochabamba.
Polet, François, and CETRI. 2004. Globalizing Resistance: The State of Struggle (London: Pluto Press).
Posey, Darrell (ed.). 1999. Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity (Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme). Doi: https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780445434.
Revkin, Andrew. 2014. ‘Exploring Academia’s Role in Charting Paths to a “Good” Anthropocene’, New York Times, June 16. Online: https://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/06/16/exploring-academias-role-in-charting-paths-to-a-good-anthropocene/.
Rogers, Nicole, and Michelle Maloney (eds.). 2018. Law as If Earth Really Mattered (London: Routledge Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315618319.
Roy, Eleanor Ainge. 2017. ‘New Zealand River Granted Same Legal Rights as Human Being’, The Guardian, March 16. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/16/new-zealand-river-granted-same-legal-rights-as-human-being.
Rozzi, Ricardo. 2015. ‘Implications of the Biocultural Ethics for Earth’, in Ricardo Rozzi, S.T.A. Pickett, Claire Palmer, J.J. Armesto, and J. Baird Callicott (eds.), Linking Ecology and Ethics for a Changing World: Values, Philosophy, and Action (Berlin: Springer): 113-36.
Rozzi, Ricardo, R.H. May Jr., F.S. Chapin III, F. Massardo, M.C. Gavin, I.J. Klaver, A. Pauchard, M. Nunez, and D. Simberloff (eds.). 2018. From Biocultural Homogenization to Biocultural Conservation (New York: Springer). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99513-7.
Ruddiman, William. 2018. ‘Three Flaws in De?ning a Formal “Anthropocene”‘, Progress in Physical Geography 42.4: 451-61. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318783142.
Ruddiman, William, and Jonathan Thomson. 2001. ‘The Case for Human Causes of Increased Atmospheric Ch4 over the Last 5000 Years’, Quaternary Science Reviews 20.18: 1769-77. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00067-1.
Sa?, Michael. 2017. ‘Ganges and Yamuna Rivers Granted Same Legal Rights as Human Beings’, The Guardian, March 21. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/21/ganges-and-yamuna-rivers-granted-same-legal-rights-as-human-beings.
Sarmiento, Fausto O., and Sarah Hitchner (eds.). 2017. Indigeneity and the Sacred: Indigenous Revival and the Conservation of Sacred Natural Sites in the Americas (New York: Berghan Books).
Schlosberg, David. 2007. De?ning Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286294.001.0001.
Scranton, Roy. 2015. Learning to Die in the Anthropocene: Re?ections on the End of a Civilization (San Francisco: City Lights Books).
Shiva, Vandana. 1991. Ecology and the Politics of Survival: Con?icts over Natural Resources in India (London: Sage Publishers).
Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake. 2017. As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom through Radical Resistance (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt77c.
Smith, Jackie. 2015. ‘The Transnational Network for Democratic Globalization’, in Jeff Goodwin and James Jasper (eds.), The Social Movements Reader: Cases and Concepts (Oxford: John Wiley Publishers): 184-95.
Starhawk. 2005. The Earth Path: Grounding Your Spirit in the Rhythms of Nature (New York: Harper Collins).
Steffen, Will, Wendy Broadgate, and Lisa Deutsch. 2015. ‘The Trajectory of the Anthropocene: The Great Acceleration’, The Anthropocene Review 2.1: 81-98. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019614564785.
Steger, Manfred, James Goodman, and Erin Wilson. 2012. Justice Globalism: Ideology, Crisis, Policy (London: Sage Publications).
Stengers, Isabelle. 2003. Cosmopolitics I (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
Stone, Christopher. 1972. ‘Should Trees Have Standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects’, California Law Review 45: 306-12.
Talbot-Jones, Julia. 2018. ‘Flowing from Fiction to Fact: The Challenges of Implementing Legal Rights for Rivers’, International Water Law Project. Online: https://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/blog/2018/05/07/?owing-from-?ction-to-fact-the-challenges-of-implementing-legal-rights-for-rivers/.
Tarrow, Sidney. 2005. The New Transnational Activism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791055.
Taylor, Bron. 1995a. Ecological Resistance Movements: The Global Emergence of Radical and Popular Environmentalism (Albany: SUNY Press).
Taylor, Bron. 1995b. ‘Resacralizing Earth: Pagan Environmentalism and the Restoration of Turtle Island’, in David Chidester and Edward T. Linenthal (eds.), American Sacred Space (Bloomington: Indiana University Press): 97-151.
Taylor, Bron. 1997. ‘Earthen Spirituality or Cultural Genocide: Radical Environmentalism’s Appropriation of Native American Spirituality’, Religion 17.2: 183-215. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/reli.1996.0042.
Taylor, Bron. 2001. ‘Earth and Nature-Based Spirituality (Part Ii): From Earth First! And Bioregionalism to Scienti?c Paganism and the New Age’, Religion 31: 225-45. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/reli.2000.0257.
Taylor, Bron. (ed.). 2005. The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature (London: Continuum).
Taylor, Bron. 2010. Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future (Berkeley: University of California Press).
Tierra Digna. 2019. ‘Todas Y Todos Somos Guardiens Del Atrato’, (Bogotá). Online: http://tierradigna.org/pdfs/SomosGuardianesDelAtrato.pdf.
Tokar, Brian. 2014. Towards Climate Justice: Perspectives on the Climate Crisis and Social Change (Porsgrunn: New Compass Press).
Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt, Heather Anne Swanson, Elaine Gan, and Nils Bubandt (eds.). 2017. Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet: Ghosts and Monsters of the Anthropocene (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
United Nations. 2000. ‘UN General Assembly Resolution a/55/L.2’ (New York: United Nations).
United Nations. 2007. ‘United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (a/Res/61/295)’ (New York: United Nations).
United Nations. 2015. ‘Paris Agreement’ (New York: United Nations).
Vaidyanathan, A. 2017. ‘No, Ganga and Yamuna Are Not Living Entities, Says Supreme Court’. New Delhi Television, July 7. Online: https://www.ndtv.com/
india-news/no-yamuna-and-ganga-are-not-living-entities-says-supreme-court-1721833.
Vretta-Kouskoleka, Helen. 1991. ‘Water Is Life, Volume I’ (Athens: UNEP).
Wapner, Paul. 1995. ‘Politics Beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics’, World Politics 47.3: 331-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100016415.
Waters, Hannah. 2016. ‘Where in the World Is the Anthropocene?’. Smithsonian Magazine, August 30. Online: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/where-world-anthropocene-180960241/.
Whyte, Kyle Powys. 2016. ‘Our Ancestors’ Dystopia Now: Indigenous Conservation and the Anthropocene’, in Ursula K. Heise, Jon Christensen, and Michelle Niemann (eds.), Routledge Companion to the Environmental Humanities (New York: Routledge): 206-15.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 2009. Philosophical Investigations (trans. G.E.M. Anscombe, P.M.S. Hacker, and Joachim Schulte; West Sussex: Blackwell Publishing).
World Meteorological Organization. 2018. ‘Global Warming of 1.5°C’ (Geneva: World Meteorological Organization).
World People’s Conference. 2010a. ‘Final Conclusions of Working Group (16) on Action Strategies’, World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth. Online: https://pwccc.wordpress.com/2010/04/29/?nal-conclusions-working-group-16-action-strategies/.
World People’s Conference. 2010b. ‘Universal Declaration of Rights of Mother Earth’, World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth. Online: https://pwccc.wordpress.com/programa/.
Youatt, Ra?. 2017. ‘Personhood and the Rights of Nature: The New Subject of Contemporary Earth Politics’, International Political Sociology 11.1: 39-54. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olw032.
Yusoff, Kathryn. 2018. A Billion Black Anthropocenes or None (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). Doi: https://doi.org/10.5749/9781452962054.
Zalasiewicz, Jan, Mark Williams, Will Steffen, and Paul Crutzen. 2010. ‘The New World of the Anthropocene’, Environmental Science and Technology 44.7: 2228-31. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/es903118j.
Zalasiewicz, Jan, Mark Williams, Colin N. Waters, Anthony D. Barnosky, John Palmesino, Ann-So? Rönnskog, and Matt Edgeworth. 2017. ‘Scale and Diversity of the Physical Technosphere: A Geological Perspective’, The Anthropocene Review 4.1: 9-22. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743.
Published
2020-01-24
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Crews, C. (2020). Earthbound Social Movements and the Anthropocene. Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, 13(3), 333-372. https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.39633
