‘Aux Mânes d’un F[rère] qui fut Roi’

a Cantata by K.L. Hanssens On the Death of King Leopold I of the Belgians

Authors

  • David Vergauwen Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/jrff.v3i2.265

Keywords:

music, freemasonry, masonic music, Belgium, Brussels

Abstract

When King Leopold I of the Belgians died on 10 December 1865, freemasons in Brussels were quick to organize an elaborate lodge of sorrow for their mason king (le Roi maçon). This lodge of sorrow included a masonic cantata, written for orchestra, choir and soloists by Karel Lodewijk Hanssens (1825–71), one of the city’s leading composers. This cantata, long thought to have been lost, was recently recovered from a collection of manuscripts of the Royal Music Conservatory in Brussels. This essay aims to explain why the freemasons thought such a cantata was in order and why Hanssens was willing to accept the commission. It also seeks to elaborate on the relationship between the masonic ritual and its music and will conclude by explaining the failure of this ritual, which resulted in the cantata being shelved and forgotten.

Author Biography

  • David Vergauwen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

    David Vergauwen (1978) studied history and musicology at the university of Ghent (Ugent) and the University of Brussels (VUB). He is a member of FREE, a research group at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), directed by Prof. Dr. Jeffrey Tyssens, who is currently the supervisor for his PhD-thesis on masonic music in Brussels.

References

Bärwolf, Louis. Charles-Louis Hanssens. Sa vie et ses oeuvres. Bruxelles: Larcier, 1894.

Briol, Marcel and Benoit Peter Benoit, Le seize décembre ou l’Anniversaire Royal: A-propos patriotique en un acte et trois tableaux. Liège: J.-J. Thiriart & fils, 1863.

Clement, François. Histoire de la franc-maçonnerie Belge au XIXe siècle. Bruxelles: Imprimerie du Suprême Conseil, 1949.

Dewilde, Jan. ‘Orangist én patriarch van het Belgische muziekleven: Charles-Louis Hanssens “jeune”’. In De Gentse conservatoriumbibliotheek, tien componisten in profiel: op zoek naar muzikaal erfgoed tussen Belfort en Sint-Baafs, edited by Jan Dewilde and Tom Janssens, 37–63. Mechelen: Festival van Vlaanderen Mechelen, 2005.

Draguet, Michel. Splendeurs de l’idéal, Rops Khnopff—Delville et leur temps. Gand: Snoeck-Ducaju, 1996.

Fétis, François Joseph. Biographie universelle des musiciens et bibliographie générale de la musique. Paris: Fiermin Didot Frères, 1866–68.

Gregoir, Edouard. Les artistes-musiciens Belges au XVIIIme et au XIXme siècle. Bruxelles: Schott frères, 1885.

Haine, Malou. 400 lettres de musiciens: au Musée royal de Mariemont. Liège: Editions Mardaga, 2005.

Hoebanx, Jean Jacques. ‘Loges in de Stad’. In Brussel. Vrijmetselaars in de stad, edited by Andrée Despy-Meyer, 8–23. Brussel: Editions Marot, 2000.

Isnardon, Jacques. Le théâtre de la Monnaie depuis sa fondation jusqu’à nos jours. Bruxelles: Schott Frères, 1890.

Kaadgras, Evert. ‘Prins Frederik en de ontmythologisering van de vrijmetselarij’. Thot. Tijdschrift voor vrijmetselaren, 48(5) (1997): 187–99.

Mailly, Edouard. Les origines du conservatoire royal de musique de Bruxelles. Bruxelles: Hayez, 1890.

Schrans, Guy. Vrijmetselaars te Gent in de XVIIIde eeuw. Gent: Liberaal Archief, 1997.

Tyssens, Jeffrey ed. De Schatten van de Tempel. Het Belgisch Museum van de Vrijmetselarij. Brussel: Centraal Boekhuis, 2006.

Van der Hoeven, Roland. Le théâtre de la Monnaie au XIXe siècle: contraintes d’exploitation d’un théâtre lyrique (1830-1914). Bruxelles: Cahiers du Gram, 2000.

Van Peype and C.J. Dick. ‘Prins Willem Frederik Karel (Grootmeester 1816-1881) en andere werkwijzen in Nederland’. Thot. Tijdschrift voor vrijmetselaren, 48(5) (1997): 173–86.

Van Sas, Niek. ‘Het Grote Nederland van Willem I: een schone slaapster die niet wakker wilde worden’ In Staats-en natievorming in Willem I’s koninkrijk (1815-1830), edited by Coen Tamse and Els Witte, 171–85. Brussel/Baarn: VUB Press/Bosch & Keuning Uitgevers, 1992.

Van Win, Jean. Un roi franc-maçon: Léopold Ier de Belgique. Marcinelle: Editions Cortext, 2007.

Published

2014-03-25

Issue

Section

Essays

How to Cite

Vergauwen, D. (2014). ‘Aux Mânes d’un F[rère] qui fut Roi’: a Cantata by K.L. Hanssens On the Death of King Leopold I of the Belgians. Journal for Research into Freemasonry and Fraternalism, 3(2), 265-287. https://doi.org/10.1558/jrff.v3i2.265