The “Halep Arki” (Aleppo Channel), a Mamluk Era Water System for Aleppo
A Preliminary Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25256Keywords:
Halep Arkı, Qanat, Mamluk, Ottoman, Gaziantep, OğuzeliAbstract
Due to its low rainfall and limited potential for water retention, northern Syria has always had access to and control of water as one of the main features of states in the region aiming to maintain their rule. This article introduces new information about the Mamluk period water adduction system of the northern Syrian city of Aleppo, which brought water to the Quwayq River, the city’s most important source of water. A newly documented part of the system, known in the Gaziantep region of Türkiye as the “Halep Arki” (the Aleppo channel), is discussed along with Mamluk-era inscriptions associated with it. During archaeological survey conducted between 2016 and 2018 in the Oguzeli region of Türkiye’s Gaziantep province, an open-air channel connected to a qanat-like tunnel with vertical shafts was documented, in addition to two inscriptions carved into the bedrock where the open-air channel met the tunnel. These inscriptions, which have been damaged over the centuries, were documented using RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging) technology, which allowed portions of one of them to be read. The survey showed that this Mamluk era water system was also used and expanded in the Ottoman period beginning with the conquest of the region in the 16th century. Spoil heaps show that the system was cleaned, likely during the Ottoman era. The closing of gaps in the bedrock that came about due to earthquakes or other reasons with stone walling may also have taken place in the Ottoman period. Also, in the Ottoman period, water from other springs was added to the system and various regulations on the use of water introduced. In this article, based on topographic and hydrological study of the region, we offer suggestions of the sources of the spring water that were joined to this system.
References
Çam, N. 2006. Türk Kültür Varliklari Envanteri 27 Gaziantep. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
Dorrell, P.G. 1981. “The Qoueiq Valley the physical background.” The River Qoueiq, Northern Syria and its Catchment Studies from the Tell Rifa’at Survey 1977–89 II, edited by John Matthers, 75–80, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series.
Ekici, M., T. Demir, M. Kereci and U. Sancak. 2019. “Sacir Vadisi ve Çevresi Yerleaim Sistemleri Gaziantep Ili Oguzeli Ilçesi Arkeolojik Yüzey Arastirmasi 2016-2017 yili Çalismalari.” 36. Arastirma Sonuçlari Toplantisi 36: 391–406, Ankara: T.C.Kültür Bakanligi.
Güzelbey, C. C. 1965. “Halep Arigi.” Gaziantep Kültür Dergisi 8, 227-228.
––– 1966. Gaziantep Ser’i Mahkeme Sicilleri (Cilt 144-152) (Miladi 1841-1886) Fasikül 2, Gaziantep, Sanat Matbaasi.
––– 1967. “Kuveyk Suyu Üzerine Bir Inceleme.” Gaziantep Kültür Dergisi Nisan, 84-85, Gaziantep: Gaziantep Kültür Dernegi.
Lightfoot, D. R. 1996. “Syrian qanat Romani: history, ecology, abandonment.” Journal of Arid Environments 33: 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0068
Macgowan, D. J. 1862. “Kuweik River, an aqueduct.” The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol 2, 74–76.
al-Safadi, K. b. A. 1998. Ayan al-Asr wa Awan al-Nasr, Volume 1. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr.
Sengün, T. and Z. Boyraz. 2008. “Oguzelinde (Gaziantep) ve Yakin Çevresindeki Ana Birimler ile Arazi Kullanimi Arasindaki Iliskiler”. TÜCAUM-V- Ulusal Cografya Sempozyumu: 91–101.
Üzüm, I. H. 2022. “Misiri Ibrahim Pasa’nin Ayintab’daki Bazi Icraatlari Üzerine.” Arulis 2022: 57–62, Gaziantep, Gaziantep Müze Dostlari Dernegi.