Sgraffito pottery in the Ottoman Timisoara “Palanca Mare” suburb
ICAM excavation point (2015 Campaign)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.34614Keywords:
Ottoman, Timișoara, sgraffito, glazed pottery, social identity, Ottoman archaeologyAbstract
Rescue excavations conducted at ICAM in Timisoara have shed light on a relatively rare pottery type of the Ottoman period. Since the 2015 campaign, great strides have been made in Ottoman period archaeology in Timisoara, but little attention has been given to the everyday ceramics of the site. The sgraffito pottery from Timisoara represents a distinctive indicator of the mentality and consumption habits of the communities of the Ottoman period. Analysis of this pottery type has shed light on the nature of the various social and economic networks that developed under Ottoman rule. Deriving the multifaceted meanings attached to these sgraffito wares will contribute to the overall history of Timisoara during the Ottoman era (16th–17th centuries), and within the context of other archaeological remains it will aid in reconstructing the topographical situation of the town and its social life.
References
Primary sources
Abulfida. 1848 [1342]. Géographie d’Aboulféda, edited by M. Reinaud. Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.
Anonymous, 11th century. 2014. Ghar??ib al-fun?n wa-mula? al-?uy?n, An Eleventh-Century Egyptian Guide to the Universe: The ‘Book of Curiosities’, edited by Y.Rapoport, and E. Savage-Smith. Leiden: Brill.
Bakri. 1965 [1094]. Description de l’Afrique septentrionale par Abou-Obeid el-Bekri. Maisonneuve: Paris.
Barros, J. 1945 [1552]. Decadas Da Ásia, dos feitos qie os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista dos mares, e terras do Oriente. Ministério das colonias: Lisboa.
Battûta. 1853 [1331]. Voyages d’Ibn Battuta, edited by C. Defremery and B. Sanguinetti. Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.
Buzurg b. Shahriyâr. 1954 [953]. ?Akhbâr as-Sîn wa l-Hind, Les Merveilles de l’Inde, edited by J. Sauvaget. Institut Français d’etudes Arabes de Damas: Damascus.
Idrisi. 1968 [1154]. Description de l’Afrique et de l’Espagne, edited by R. Dozy and M.J. Goeje. Brill: Leiden.
Masûdi. 1970 [10th C.]. Les Prairies d’or, edited by B. Meynard and P. Courteille. Société asiatique: Paris.
Nasir-i Khusraw. 1881 [1040]. Sefer Nameh. Relation du voyage de Nassiri Khosrau, édition critique de Charles Schefer. Phili Press, Ecole des langues orientales: Paris.
Yâkût. 1964 [1224]. Dictionnaire géographique. Paris: Maisonneuve.
Secondary sources
Allibert, C. and A. J. Argant. 1983.. “Le site de Bagamoyo (Mayotte, Archipel des Comores).” Études Océan Indien 2: 5–40.
----- 1989. “Le site de Dembeni (Mayotte, archipel des Comores). Mission de 1984.” Études Océan Indien 11: 63–172.
Allibert, C. and A. Mery. 1992. Mayotte : archéologie du VIIIe au XIII siècles. Fondation pour l’étude de l’archéologie de Mayotte. Dossier n°1. Paris, Inalco - Ceroi, 44.
Allibert, C., H. Liszkowski, J. C. Pichard and M. Issouf. 1993. Le site de Dembeni III: Une batterie de fours métallurgiques (Mayotte, Archipel des Comores). Dossier no. 2. Inalco-Ceroi-Sham: Paris.
Allibert C. and H. Liszkowski. 2001. “Réflexions sur les alignements de pierres de Dembeni.” Études océan Indien 30: 181–184.
Bacqué-Grammont, J.-L. 2007. L’arbre anthropogène du waqwaq. Les femmes-fruits et les îles des femmes, Naples, Università degli Studi di Napoli.
Bramoullé, D. 2017. “Représenter et décrire l’espace maritime dans le Califat fatimide. L’exemple des cartes de la Méditerranée et de l’océan Indien dans le Kit?b ?ar?’ib al-fun?n.” Cartes et géomatique 234: 55-68.
Busse, H. 1975. “Iran under the Buyids.” In The Cambridge History of Iran Vol. 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs, edited by R. N. Frye. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1975.9945184
Casanova, P. 1922. “Notes sur les voyages de Sindbad le marin.” BIFAO 20, IFAO, Cairo : 113-198.
Chami, F. 1994. The Tanzanian coast in the first millennium AD. Uppsala: Societas archaeologica upsaliensis.
Chittick, N. 1974. Kilwa: An Islamic Trading City on the East African Coast Vols. 1–2. Nairobi: The British Institute in Eastern Africa.
----- 1984. Manda: Excavations at an island port on the Kenya Coast. Nairobi: The British Institute in Eastern Africa.
Connah, G. 2013. African Civilizations, An Archaeological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Contadini, A. 1998. “Rock crystal: Rock crystal pieces in the V&A.” In Fatimid Art at the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: V&A Publications.
----- 2015. “Facets of light: The case of rock crystals.” In God is the Light of the Heavens and the Earth: Light in Islamic Art and Culture, edited by J. Bloom and S. Blair, 123–155. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Courtaud, P. 1999. “Le Peuplement de Mayotte: l’Étude des Sites Sépulcraux de Bagamoyo (Petite-Terre).” Bulletins et mémoires de la société d’anthropologie de Paris 11: 487.
Desachy, B. and M. Belarbi. 1999. “Dembéni (Mayotte) Mission Archéologique Ao?t-Septembre 1999, Rapport, MCC/SDA, DRAC Picardie, Collectivité territoriale de Mayotte / DAC, AFAN.” (unpublished).
----- 2013. “The early Swahili trade village of Tumbe, Pemba Island, Tanzania, AD 600–950.” Antiquity 87(338): 1151–1168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00049929
Devic, L. 1883. Le Pays des Zendjs (ou la Côte Orientale d’Afrique au Moyen-Age). Hachette, Paris Fleisher J. and A. La Violette.
Ferrand, G. 1891. Les Musulmans à Madagascar et aux îles Comores. Bulletin de correspondance de l’école des lettres d’Alger, 3 vols. Paris: Leroux.
Foy, D. 2015. “Les verres.” In Sharma: Un Entrepôt de Commerce Médiéval sur la côte du Hadramawt (Yémen C. 980-1180), edited by A. Rougeulle. Monographs 17. Oxford: British Foundation for the Study of Arabia.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. 1962. The East African Coast (select documents from the first to the earlier nineteenth century). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Goitein, S. D. 1983. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Volume IV: Daily life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gonthier, E. and P. J. Chiappero. 2009. “Cristalliers et Cristal de Roche. Des Origines à Nos Jours.” In L’Homme et le Précieux, Matières Minérales Précieuses de la Préhistoire à Aujourd’hui, edited by M. H. Moncel and F. Fröhlich, 91–96. British Archaeological Reports International Series S1934. Oxford: British Archaelogical Reports.
Guillain, C. 1856. Documents sur l’histoire, la géographie et le commerce de l’Afrique Orientale, 3 vols. Paris Arthus Bertrand.
Hardy-Guilbert, C. and G. Ducatez. 2004. “Al-Sihr, porte du Hadramawt sur l’Océan Indien.” Annales Islamologiques 38: 95–157.
Horton, M. 1986. “Precious materials from East Africa to the Fatimid workshops.” Fatimid Seminar, SOAS. Unpublished.
----- 1996. Shanga: The Archaeology of a Muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa. London: British Institute in Eastern Africa.
Horton, M., N. Boivin, A. Crowther, B. Gaskell, C. Radimilahy and H. Wright. 2017. “East Africa as a Source for Fatimid Rock Crystal: Workshops from Kenya to Madagascar.” In Gemstones in the First Millennium AD. Mines, Trade, Workshops and Symbolism, edited by A. Hilgner, S. Greiff and D. Quast, 103–118. Mainz: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum.
Horton, M. and J. Middleton. 2000. The Swahili. Oxford: Blackwell.
Jacquot, E. and V. Motte. 2017. Carte archéologique de Mayotte. Direction des Affaires culturelles de Mayotte, La Réunion-Mayotte-TAAF.
Johns J. and E. Morero. 2013. “The diffusion of rock crystal caving techniques in the Fatimid Mediterranean.” Beyond the Western Mediterranean: Materials, Techniques and Artistic Production. Symposium held at The Courtauld Institute of Art 5 (unpublished proceedings).
Juma, A. 2004. “Unguja Ukuu on Zanzibar: an archaeological study of early urbanism.” Studies in Global Archaeology 3: 198.
Kennet, D. 2004. Sasanian and Islamic Pottery from Ras al-Khaimah. British Archaelogical Reports International Series S1248 Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
Kervran, M. 1974. “Les niveaux islamiques du secteur du Tépé de l’Apadana. III. Les objets en verre, en pierre et en métal.” Cahiers de la DAFI 14: 221–241.
----- 2004. “Archaeological research at Suhar 1980–1986.” Journal of Oman Studies 13: 263–381.
Khawam, R. 1985. Les Aventures de Sindbad le Marin, Phébus. Paris.
Kirkman, J. 1954. The Arab City of Gedi: Excavations at the Great Mosque, Architecture and Finds. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kröger, J. 1995. Nishapur Glass of the Early Islamic period. New-York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Kus, S. and H. Wright. 1976. “Notes préliminaires sur une reconnaissance archéologique de l’?le de Mayotte (Archipel des Comores).” Asie du Sud-Est et le Monde Insulindien 7(2–3): 123–135.
Lacroix, A. . 1923. Minéralogie de Madagascar Vols. 1-3. Paris: Société d’Editions Maritimes et Coloniales.
Le Maguer, S. 2013. “The Soft stone from Kadhima: Evidence for trade connections and domestic activities.” In Kadhima. Koweit in the Early Centuries of Islam, edited by D. Kennet, 51–54. National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters of the State of Kuwait in cooperation with Durham University.
Liebner, H. 2014. “The Siren of Cirebon. A Tenth-Century Trading Vessel Lost in the Java Sea.” Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leed.
Makariou, S. 1999. “Le cristal de roche dans l’Islam.” Actes du colloque Cornaline et pierres précieuses. Paris: Musée du Louvre.
Moncelon, J. 1995. La Da’wa fatimide au Yémen.” dans Chroniques Yéménites 3: 26-37.
Nanji, R. 2011. Mariners and Merchants: A Study of the Ceramics from Sanjan (Gujarat). British Archaelogical Reports International Series 2231. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Pauly, M. 2010. “Développement de l’architecture domestique en pierre à Mayotte, XIII-XVIIe siècles.” In Archéologie, histoire et anthropologie des mondes insulaires. Mélanges en l’honneur du professeur Claude Allibert, edited by Radimilahy and Rajaonarimananan, 603–631. Paris: INALCO, Karthala.
----- 2014a. “La diffusion de l’Islam à Mayotte à l’époque médiévale.” Taarifa, Revue des Archives départementales de Mayotte 4: 63–89.
----- 2014b. Acoua antsiraka boira, la nécropole aux perles. Mamoudzou: Patrimoine caché.
Planhol, X. 2000. L’Islam et la mer. La mosquée et le matelot VIIe-XXe siècle. Paris: Perrin.
Pradines, S. 2002. “La bipartition des cités swahili: l’exemple de Gedi (Kenya).” In Southern Africa and the Swahili World, Studies in the African Past 2: 66–75.
----- 2004 . “Fortifications et urbanisation en Afrique orientale.” Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 58: 374.
----- 2009. “L’?le de Sanjé ya Kati (Kilwa, Tanzanie). Un mythe Shir?zi bien reel.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 44(1): 49–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00671990902795814
----- 2010. “Gedi, une cité portuaire swahilie. Islam médiéval en Afrique orientale.” Monographies d’archéologie islamique 302.
----- 2013. “The rock crystal of Dembeni, Mayotte Mission report 2013.” Nyame Akuma Bulletin 80: 59–72.
----- 2016. “A late military use of the sphero-conical in the 19th century Sudan.” Journal of Islamic Archaeology 3(2): 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.v3i2.32829
Pradines, S. and P. Brial. 2012. “Dembéni, Mayotte (976). Archéologie swahilie dans un département français.” Nyame Akuma 77: 68-81.
Pradines, S. and G. Herviaux. 2015. “Dembéni, un site urbain bipolaire? Mayotte, rapport intermédiaire 2014.” Nyame Akuma 83: 128–141.
Pradines, S., H. Renel, D. Veyssier and B. Zhao. 2016. “Irone Be (Dembeni, Mayotte) Rapport de mission 2015.” Nyame Akuma 85: 44–56.
Priestman, S. 2013. “A quantitative archaeological analysis of ceramic exchange in the Persian Gulf and Western Indian Ocean, AD c.400–1275.” Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.
----- 2018. “Quantitative evidence for early long-distance exchange in Eastern Africa: The consumption volume of ceramic imports.” In The Swahili World, edited by S. Wynne-Jones and A. LaViolette, 472–484. Routledge: New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315691459-42
Raaum, R., S. Williams, C. Kusimba, J. Monge, A. Morris and M. Mchulla. 2018. “Decoding the genetic ancestry of the Swahili.” In The Swahili World, edited by S. Wynne-Jones and A. LaViolette, 81–102. Routledge: New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315691459-6
Radimilahy, M. C. 1998. “Mahilaka an archaeological investigation from early town in Northwestern Madagascar.” Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of archaeology and ancient history, Uppsala University.
Rice, D. 1956. “A datable Islamic Rock Crystal.” Oriental Art 2:3.
Rougeulle, A. 2005. “Golfe persique et mer rouge, les routes de la céramique aux Xe-XIIe siècles.” TAOCI 4: 41–51.
----- 2015. “Sharma. Un entrepôt de commerce medieval sur la côte du Hadramawt (Yémen C. 980–1180).” Monographs 17. Oxford: British Foundation for the Study of Arabia.
Serneels, V. 2011. “La production de vases en chloritoschiste.” Études Océan indien 46–47: 357–363. https://doi.org/10.4000/oceanindien.1363
Sinclair, P., A. Ekblom and M. Wood. 2012. “Trade and society on the South-East African coast in the later first millennium AD: The case of Chibuene.” Antiquity 86(333): 723–737. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00047876
Vérin, P. 2011. “Recherche sur les ateliers de chloritoschiste.” Études Océan indien 46–47: 51–74. https://doi.org/10.4000/oceanindien.1197
Vernier, E. and J. Millot. 1971. Archéologie malgache: comptoirs musulmans. Paris: Muse?um national d’histoire naturelle.
Watson, O. 2004. Ceramics from Islamic Lands. London: Thames and Hudson.
Whitcomb, D. 2010. “The Gulf in the Early Islamic Period: The contribution of archaeology to regional history.” In The Persian Gulf in History, edited by P. Lawrence, 71–87. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230618459_4
Wright, H. 1984. “Early seafarers of the Comoro Islands: The Dembeni phase of the IXth–Xth centuries A.D.” Journal of the British Institute in Eastern African 19: 13–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00672708409511327
----- 1992. “Early Islam, oceanic trade and town development on Nzwani: The Comorian Archipelago in the XIth–XVth Centuries AD.” Azania Archaeological Research in Africa 27(1): 81–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/00672709209511432
Zhao, B. 2015. “Chinese-style ceramics in East Africa from the 9th to 16th century: A case of changing value and symbols in the multi-partner global trade.” In Afriques Débats, méthodes et terrains d’histoire 6. Paris: Institut des mondes africains (IMAF). https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1836
Abulfida. 1848 [1342]. Géographie d’Aboulféda, edited by M. Reinaud. Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.
Anonymous, 11th century. 2014. Ghar??ib al-fun?n wa-mula? al-?uy?n, An Eleventh-Century Egyptian Guide to the Universe: The ‘Book of Curiosities’, edited by Y.Rapoport, and E. Savage-Smith. Leiden: Brill.
Bakri. 1965 [1094]. Description de l’Afrique septentrionale par Abou-Obeid el-Bekri. Maisonneuve: Paris.
Barros, J. 1945 [1552]. Decadas Da Ásia, dos feitos qie os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista dos mares, e terras do Oriente. Ministério das colonias: Lisboa.
Battûta. 1853 [1331]. Voyages d’Ibn Battuta, edited by C. Defremery and B. Sanguinetti. Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.
Buzurg b. Shahriyâr. 1954 [953]. ?Akhbâr as-Sîn wa l-Hind, Les Merveilles de l’Inde, edited by J. Sauvaget. Institut Français d’etudes Arabes de Damas: Damascus.
Idrisi. 1968 [1154]. Description de l’Afrique et de l’Espagne, edited by R. Dozy and M.J. Goeje. Brill: Leiden.
Masûdi. 1970 [10th C.]. Les Prairies d’or, edited by B. Meynard and P. Courteille. Société asiatique: Paris.
Nasir-i Khusraw. 1881 [1040]. Sefer Nameh. Relation du voyage de Nassiri Khosrau, édition critique de Charles Schefer. Phili Press, Ecole des langues orientales: Paris.
Yâkût. 1964 [1224]. Dictionnaire géographique. Paris: Maisonneuve.
Secondary sources
Allibert, C. and A. J. Argant. 1983.. “Le site de Bagamoyo (Mayotte, Archipel des Comores).” Études Océan Indien 2: 5–40.
----- 1989. “Le site de Dembeni (Mayotte, archipel des Comores). Mission de 1984.” Études Océan Indien 11: 63–172.
Allibert, C. and A. Mery. 1992. Mayotte : archéologie du VIIIe au XIII siècles. Fondation pour l’étude de l’archéologie de Mayotte. Dossier n°1. Paris, Inalco - Ceroi, 44.
Allibert, C., H. Liszkowski, J. C. Pichard and M. Issouf. 1993. Le site de Dembeni III: Une batterie de fours métallurgiques (Mayotte, Archipel des Comores). Dossier no. 2. Inalco-Ceroi-Sham: Paris.
Allibert C. and H. Liszkowski. 2001. “Réflexions sur les alignements de pierres de Dembeni.” Études océan Indien 30: 181–184.
Bacqué-Grammont, J.-L. 2007. L’arbre anthropogène du waqwaq. Les femmes-fruits et les îles des femmes, Naples, Università degli Studi di Napoli.
Bramoullé, D. 2017. “Représenter et décrire l’espace maritime dans le Califat fatimide. L’exemple des cartes de la Méditerranée et de l’océan Indien dans le Kit?b ?ar?’ib al-fun?n.” Cartes et géomatique 234: 55-68.
Busse, H. 1975. “Iran under the Buyids.” In The Cambridge History of Iran Vol. 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs, edited by R. N. Frye. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1975.9945184
Casanova, P. 1922. “Notes sur les voyages de Sindbad le marin.” BIFAO 20, IFAO, Cairo : 113-198.
Chami, F. 1994. The Tanzanian coast in the first millennium AD. Uppsala: Societas archaeologica upsaliensis.
Chittick, N. 1974. Kilwa: An Islamic Trading City on the East African Coast Vols. 1–2. Nairobi: The British Institute in Eastern Africa.
----- 1984. Manda: Excavations at an island port on the Kenya Coast. Nairobi: The British Institute in Eastern Africa.
Connah, G. 2013. African Civilizations, An Archaeological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Contadini, A. 1998. “Rock crystal: Rock crystal pieces in the V&A.” In Fatimid Art at the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: V&A Publications.
----- 2015. “Facets of light: The case of rock crystals.” In God is the Light of the Heavens and the Earth: Light in Islamic Art and Culture, edited by J. Bloom and S. Blair, 123–155. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Courtaud, P. 1999. “Le Peuplement de Mayotte: l’Étude des Sites Sépulcraux de Bagamoyo (Petite-Terre).” Bulletins et mémoires de la société d’anthropologie de Paris 11: 487.
Desachy, B. and M. Belarbi. 1999. “Dembéni (Mayotte) Mission Archéologique Ao?t-Septembre 1999, Rapport, MCC/SDA, DRAC Picardie, Collectivité territoriale de Mayotte / DAC, AFAN.” (unpublished).
----- 2013. “The early Swahili trade village of Tumbe, Pemba Island, Tanzania, AD 600–950.” Antiquity 87(338): 1151–1168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00049929
Devic, L. 1883. Le Pays des Zendjs (ou la Côte Orientale d’Afrique au Moyen-Age). Hachette, Paris Fleisher J. and A. La Violette.
Ferrand, G. 1891. Les Musulmans à Madagascar et aux îles Comores. Bulletin de correspondance de l’école des lettres d’Alger, 3 vols. Paris: Leroux.
Foy, D. 2015. “Les verres.” In Sharma: Un Entrepôt de Commerce Médiéval sur la côte du Hadramawt (Yémen C. 980-1180), edited by A. Rougeulle. Monographs 17. Oxford: British Foundation for the Study of Arabia.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. 1962. The East African Coast (select documents from the first to the earlier nineteenth century). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Goitein, S. D. 1983. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Volume IV: Daily life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gonthier, E. and P. J. Chiappero. 2009. “Cristalliers et Cristal de Roche. Des Origines à Nos Jours.” In L’Homme et le Précieux, Matières Minérales Précieuses de la Préhistoire à Aujourd’hui, edited by M. H. Moncel and F. Fröhlich, 91–96. British Archaeological Reports International Series S1934. Oxford: British Archaelogical Reports.
Guillain, C. 1856. Documents sur l’histoire, la géographie et le commerce de l’Afrique Orientale, 3 vols. Paris Arthus Bertrand.
Hardy-Guilbert, C. and G. Ducatez. 2004. “Al-Sihr, porte du Hadramawt sur l’Océan Indien.” Annales Islamologiques 38: 95–157.
Horton, M. 1986. “Precious materials from East Africa to the Fatimid workshops.” Fatimid Seminar, SOAS. Unpublished.
----- 1996. Shanga: The Archaeology of a Muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa. London: British Institute in Eastern Africa.
Horton, M., N. Boivin, A. Crowther, B. Gaskell, C. Radimilahy and H. Wright. 2017. “East Africa as a Source for Fatimid Rock Crystal: Workshops from Kenya to Madagascar.” In Gemstones in the First Millennium AD. Mines, Trade, Workshops and Symbolism, edited by A. Hilgner, S. Greiff and D. Quast, 103–118. Mainz: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum.
Horton, M. and J. Middleton. 2000. The Swahili. Oxford: Blackwell.
Jacquot, E. and V. Motte. 2017. Carte archéologique de Mayotte. Direction des Affaires culturelles de Mayotte, La Réunion-Mayotte-TAAF.
Johns J. and E. Morero. 2013. “The diffusion of rock crystal caving techniques in the Fatimid Mediterranean.” Beyond the Western Mediterranean: Materials, Techniques and Artistic Production. Symposium held at The Courtauld Institute of Art 5 (unpublished proceedings).
Juma, A. 2004. “Unguja Ukuu on Zanzibar: an archaeological study of early urbanism.” Studies in Global Archaeology 3: 198.
Kennet, D. 2004. Sasanian and Islamic Pottery from Ras al-Khaimah. British Archaelogical Reports International Series S1248 Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
Kervran, M. 1974. “Les niveaux islamiques du secteur du Tépé de l’Apadana. III. Les objets en verre, en pierre et en métal.” Cahiers de la DAFI 14: 221–241.
----- 2004. “Archaeological research at Suhar 1980–1986.” Journal of Oman Studies 13: 263–381.
Khawam, R. 1985. Les Aventures de Sindbad le Marin, Phébus. Paris.
Kirkman, J. 1954. The Arab City of Gedi: Excavations at the Great Mosque, Architecture and Finds. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kröger, J. 1995. Nishapur Glass of the Early Islamic period. New-York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Kus, S. and H. Wright. 1976. “Notes préliminaires sur une reconnaissance archéologique de l’?le de Mayotte (Archipel des Comores).” Asie du Sud-Est et le Monde Insulindien 7(2–3): 123–135.
Lacroix, A. . 1923. Minéralogie de Madagascar Vols. 1-3. Paris: Société d’Editions Maritimes et Coloniales.
Le Maguer, S. 2013. “The Soft stone from Kadhima: Evidence for trade connections and domestic activities.” In Kadhima. Koweit in the Early Centuries of Islam, edited by D. Kennet, 51–54. National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters of the State of Kuwait in cooperation with Durham University.
Liebner, H. 2014. “The Siren of Cirebon. A Tenth-Century Trading Vessel Lost in the Java Sea.” Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leed.
Makariou, S. 1999. “Le cristal de roche dans l’Islam.” Actes du colloque Cornaline et pierres précieuses. Paris: Musée du Louvre.
Moncelon, J. 1995. La Da’wa fatimide au Yémen.” dans Chroniques Yéménites 3: 26-37.
Nanji, R. 2011. Mariners and Merchants: A Study of the Ceramics from Sanjan (Gujarat). British Archaelogical Reports International Series 2231. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Pauly, M. 2010. “Développement de l’architecture domestique en pierre à Mayotte, XIII-XVIIe siècles.” In Archéologie, histoire et anthropologie des mondes insulaires. Mélanges en l’honneur du professeur Claude Allibert, edited by Radimilahy and Rajaonarimananan, 603–631. Paris: INALCO, Karthala.
----- 2014a. “La diffusion de l’Islam à Mayotte à l’époque médiévale.” Taarifa, Revue des Archives départementales de Mayotte 4: 63–89.
----- 2014b. Acoua antsiraka boira, la nécropole aux perles. Mamoudzou: Patrimoine caché.
Planhol, X. 2000. L’Islam et la mer. La mosquée et le matelot VIIe-XXe siècle. Paris: Perrin.
Pradines, S. 2002. “La bipartition des cités swahili: l’exemple de Gedi (Kenya).” In Southern Africa and the Swahili World, Studies in the African Past 2: 66–75.
----- 2004 . “Fortifications et urbanisation en Afrique orientale.” Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 58: 374.
----- 2009. “L’?le de Sanjé ya Kati (Kilwa, Tanzanie). Un mythe Shir?zi bien reel.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 44(1): 49–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00671990902795814
----- 2010. “Gedi, une cité portuaire swahilie. Islam médiéval en Afrique orientale.” Monographies d’archéologie islamique 302.
----- 2013. “The rock crystal of Dembeni, Mayotte Mission report 2013.” Nyame Akuma Bulletin 80: 59–72.
----- 2016. “A late military use of the sphero-conical in the 19th century Sudan.” Journal of Islamic Archaeology 3(2): 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.v3i2.32829
Pradines, S. and P. Brial. 2012. “Dembéni, Mayotte (976). Archéologie swahilie dans un département français.” Nyame Akuma 77: 68-81.
Pradines, S. and G. Herviaux. 2015. “Dembéni, un site urbain bipolaire? Mayotte, rapport intermédiaire 2014.” Nyame Akuma 83: 128–141.
Pradines, S., H. Renel, D. Veyssier and B. Zhao. 2016. “Irone Be (Dembeni, Mayotte) Rapport de mission 2015.” Nyame Akuma 85: 44–56.
Priestman, S. 2013. “A quantitative archaeological analysis of ceramic exchange in the Persian Gulf and Western Indian Ocean, AD c.400–1275.” Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.
----- 2018. “Quantitative evidence for early long-distance exchange in Eastern Africa: The consumption volume of ceramic imports.” In The Swahili World, edited by S. Wynne-Jones and A. LaViolette, 472–484. Routledge: New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315691459-42
Raaum, R., S. Williams, C. Kusimba, J. Monge, A. Morris and M. Mchulla. 2018. “Decoding the genetic ancestry of the Swahili.” In The Swahili World, edited by S. Wynne-Jones and A. LaViolette, 81–102. Routledge: New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315691459-6
Radimilahy, M. C. 1998. “Mahilaka an archaeological investigation from early town in Northwestern Madagascar.” Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of archaeology and ancient history, Uppsala University.
Rice, D. 1956. “A datable Islamic Rock Crystal.” Oriental Art 2:3.
Rougeulle, A. 2005. “Golfe persique et mer rouge, les routes de la céramique aux Xe-XIIe siècles.” TAOCI 4: 41–51.
----- 2015. “Sharma. Un entrepôt de commerce medieval sur la côte du Hadramawt (Yémen C. 980–1180).” Monographs 17. Oxford: British Foundation for the Study of Arabia.
Serneels, V. 2011. “La production de vases en chloritoschiste.” Études Océan indien 46–47: 357–363. https://doi.org/10.4000/oceanindien.1363
Sinclair, P., A. Ekblom and M. Wood. 2012. “Trade and society on the South-East African coast in the later first millennium AD: The case of Chibuene.” Antiquity 86(333): 723–737. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00047876
Vérin, P. 2011. “Recherche sur les ateliers de chloritoschiste.” Études Océan indien 46–47: 51–74. https://doi.org/10.4000/oceanindien.1197
Vernier, E. and J. Millot. 1971. Archéologie malgache: comptoirs musulmans. Paris: Muse?um national d’histoire naturelle.
Watson, O. 2004. Ceramics from Islamic Lands. London: Thames and Hudson.
Whitcomb, D. 2010. “The Gulf in the Early Islamic Period: The contribution of archaeology to regional history.” In The Persian Gulf in History, edited by P. Lawrence, 71–87. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230618459_4
Wright, H. 1984. “Early seafarers of the Comoro Islands: The Dembeni phase of the IXth–Xth centuries A.D.” Journal of the British Institute in Eastern African 19: 13–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00672708409511327
----- 1992. “Early Islam, oceanic trade and town development on Nzwani: The Comorian Archipelago in the XIth–XVth Centuries AD.” Azania Archaeological Research in Africa 27(1): 81–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/00672709209511432
Zhao, B. 2015. “Chinese-style ceramics in East Africa from the 9th to 16th century: A case of changing value and symbols in the multi-partner global trade.” In Afriques Débats, méthodes et terrains d’histoire 6. Paris: Institut des mondes africains (IMAF). https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1836
Published
2019-09-18
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Gaşpar A. (2019). Sgraffito pottery in the Ottoman Timisoara “Palanca Mare” suburb: ICAM excavation point (2015 Campaign). Journal of Islamic Archaeology, 6(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.34614
