Friendship and Flight
Thematic Development in E.T. (1982) and How to Train Your Dragon (2010)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jfm.22029Keywords:
John Powell, John Williams, How to Train Your Dragon, E.T., Thematic DevelopmentAbstract
Many films use thematic development to support the narrative, although this has been less prevalent in the modern age of film in which many scores rely on drive over thematic development. One twenty-first-century score that shows great command of thematic development comes from the 2010 animated adventure How to Train Your Dragon. This score, and composer John Powell’s work in general, have been ignored from an academic standpoint despite Powell’s skillful usage of thematic development that rivals that of John Williams. In this article, I compare the dramatic and thematic associations of the themes relating to friendship in Williams’s score for E.T. (1982) and Powell’s score for How to Train Your Dragon. I scrutinize where these themes occur and their narrative import, tracing their development alongside that of the characters. Ultimately, I look at the similarities and differences of each composer’s thematic development to show how Powell’s technique sets him up as the “heirapparent” to Williams.
References
Audissino, Emilio. 2017. Close Encounters of the Third Kind and E.T. The Extraterrestrial: The bonding power of music. In: Film/music analysis: A film studies approach, 191-221. Palgrave Macmillan US (ebook).
———. 2017. John Williams and contemporary film music. In: Contemporary film music: Investigating cinema narratives and composition, ed. Lindsay Coleman and Joakim Tillman, 221-36. London: Palgrave Macmillan (ebook).
Bribitzer-Stull, Matthew. 2015. Understanding the leitmotif: From Wagner to Hollywood film music. New York: Cambridge Press.
Buhler, James. 2001. Analytical and interpretive approaches to film music (II): Analysing interactions of music and film. In Film music: Critical approaches, ed. K.J. Donnelly, 39-61. New York: Continuum.
Burden, Tim. 2014. In training with John Powell. Film Score Monthly 19, no. 5. http://fsmo-media.filmscoremonthly.com/fsmonline/mp3/V19N5/FEATURES/19.5Powell_Interview1.mp3
Cohen, Annabel J. 2010. “Music as a source of emotion in film.” In Handbook of music and emotion: Theory, research, applications, ed. Patrik N. Juslin and John A. Sloboda, 879-908. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cooke, Mervyn. 2018. “A new symphonism for a new Hollywood: The musical language of John Williams’s film scores.” In John Williams: Music for films, television, and the concert stage, ed. Emilio Audissino, 3-26. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols.
Dirkes, Jennifer. 2017. “Synchretic analysis and storyboard scores: The musical rhythm of filmic elements.” PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest LLC.
DeBlois, Dean, and Chris Sanders (dir.). 2014. How to Train Your Dragon. DVD. DreamWorks Animation.
DreamWorks Animation. 2010. Filmmakers’ commentary. In How to Train Your Dragon. DVD. Directed by Dean DeBlois and Chris Sanders. Glendale, CA: DreamWorks Animation.
Gleiberman, Owen. 2010. How to Train Your Dragon. Entertainment Weekly, March 24. https://ew.com/article/2010/03/24/how-train-your-dragon-2
Hannigan, Denis M. 2006. John Powell. Score 21, no. 4: 12-15.
Henthorne, Tom. 2004. Boys to men: Medievalism and masculinity in Star Wars and E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial. In The medieval hero on screen, ed. Martha W. Driver and Sid Ray, 73-89. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.
Hickman, Roger. 2017. Reel music: Exploring 100 years of film music. 2nd edn. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Huvet, Chloé. “John Williams and Sound Design: Shaping the Audiovisual World of E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial.” In John Williams: Music for Films, Television, and the Concert Stage, edited by Emilio Audissino, 293-308. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2018.
IMDb. n.d.a. How to Train Your Dragon: Awards. IMDb.com. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0892769/awards
IMDb. n.d.b. John Powell. IMDb.com. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0694173
IMDb. 2010. How to Train Your Dragon. IMDb.com, March 18. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0892769
Kulezic-Wilson, Danijela. 2015. The musicality of narrative film. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lehman, Frank. 2018. Film-as-concert music and the formal implications of “Cinematic Listening.” Music Analysis 37, no. 1: 7-46.
———. 2019. Email message to Denise Finnegan. September 27.
Murphy, Scott. 2014. Transformational theory and the analysis of film music. In The Oxford handbook of film music studies, ed. David Neumeyer, 471-99. New York: Oxford University Press.
Neumeyer, David, and James Buhler. 2001. Analytical and interpretive approaches to film music (I): Analysing the music. In Film music: Critical approaches, ed. K.J. Donnelly, 16-38. New York: Continuum.
Pike, Lionel. 1974. Sibelius’s debt to Renaissance polyphony. Music & Letters 55, no. 3 (July): 317-26.
Pond, Steve. 2011. John Powell goes epic to score “Dragon.” The Wrap, February 10. https://www.thewrap.com/john-powell-goes-epic-score-dragon-24619
Powell, John. 2010. DreamWorks How to Train Your Dragon: Music from the motion picture. CD. DreamWorks Animation LLC.
———. 2020. How to Train Your Dragon: In full score. Los Angeles: Omni Music Publishing.
Sapiro, Ian. 2018. Star scores: Orchestration and the sound of John Williams’s film music. In John Williams: Music for films, television, and the concert stage, ed. Emilio Audissino, 191-208. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols.
Schneller, Tom. 2013. Modal interchange and semantic resonance in themes by John Williams. Journal of Film Music 6, no. 1: 49-74.
———. 2014. Sweet fulfillment: Allusion and teleological genesis in John Williams’s Close Encounters of the Third Kind. The Musical Quarterly 97, no. 1 (April): 98-131.
Scott, A.O. 2010. No slaying required: A Viking aids an enemy and wins a friend. New York Times, March 25. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/26/movies/26howto.html
Sotiropoulos, Konstantinos. 2017. Soundtrack Review: “How to Train Your Dragon”—John Powell. Soundtrack Beat: Discovering the Music of the Movies, March 11. https://soundtrackbeat.com/2017/03/11/how-to-train-your-dragon-john-powell
Spielberg, Steven (dir.). 1982 (2005). E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial. DVD. Universal Studios.
Universal Studios. 2005. Behind-the-scenes with composer John Williams.” In E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial. DVD. Directed by Steven Spielberg (1982). Universal Studios Home Entertainment.
Williams, John. 2015. Theme from E.T. In The John Williams Piano Anthology, 55-59. Milwaukee: WI: Hal Leonard.
———. 1982. Flying (From “E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial” soundtrack). Universal Music Group, track 5 on E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. Digital.