Memory and Early Monastic Literary Practices
A Cognitive Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jch.v1i1.98Keywords:
cognition, memory, early Monastic communitiesAbstract
This article argues that certain important aspects of the institutionalized literary practices of early cenobitic monasticism and the rhetorics related to them may be significantly illuminated by insights from the cognitive study of the human mind and its relationship with the world. Using examples from our sources of early cenobitic monasticism in Egypt, specifically writings from the Pachomian federation and Shenoute of Atripe, this article suggests ways in which cognitive perspectives on memory and literature may shed light on the practices of reading, memorizing, and interpreting authoritative texts, and the corresponding need to control such practices, in the early monastic communities. In doing so, this article argues for the importance of keeping both individual and collective processes of memory in mind if we want to understand the influence of the mechanics of human memory systems on the ideas and practices of the early monastic communities, and suggests ways in which such perspectives may be combined.
References
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Fish, S. 1980. Is There a Text in this Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Foat, M. E. 1996. “I Myself Have Seen: The Representation of Humanity in the Writings of Apa Shenoute of Atripe”, PhD diss., Brown University, Providence.
Gardiner, J. M. 2007. “Retrieval: On Its Essence and Related Concepts”. In Science of Memory: Concepts, edited by Henry L. Roediger, Yadin Dudai and Susan M. Fitzpatrick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 221–24.
Goehring, J. E. 1999a. “The Origins of Monasticism”. In Ascetics, Society, and the Desert: Studies in Early Egyptian Monasticism (Studies in Antiquity and Christianity). Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press, 13–35.
—1999b. “Calcedonian Power Politics and the Demise of Pachomian Monasticism”. In Ascetics, Society, and the Desert: Studies in Early Egyptian Monasticism (Studies in Antiquity and Christianity. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press, 241–61.
—1999c. “The Fourth Letter of Horsiesius and the Situation in the Pachomian Community Following the Death of Theodore”. In Ascetics, Society, and the Desert: Studies in Early Egyptian Monasticism (Studies in Antiquity and Christianity). Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press, 221–40.
—1999d. “Monastic Diversity and Ideological Boundaries in Fourth-Century Christian Egypt”. In Ascetics, Society, and the Desert: Studies in Early Egyptian Monasticism (Studies in Antiquity and Christianity). Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press, 196–218.
—2006. “2005 NAPS Presidential Address: Remembering Abraham of Farshut: History, Hagiography, and the Fate of the Pachomian Tradition”. Journal of Early Christian Studies 14(1): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.2006.0017
Graham, W. A. 1987. Beyond the Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hogan, P. C. 2003. Cognitive Science, Literature, and the Arts: A Guide for Humanists. New York: Routledge.
Kotsifou, C. 2007. “Books and Book Production in the Monastic Communities of Byzantine Egypt”. In The Early Christian Book, edited by William E. Klingshirn and Linda Safran (CUA Studies in Early Christianity). Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.2007.0015
Krawiec, R. 2008. “The Role of the Female Elder in Shenoute’s White Monastery”. In Christianity and Monasticism in Upper Egypt: Volume 1: Akhmim and Sohag, edited by Gawdat Gabra and Hany N. Takla. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 59–71.
Layton, B. 2007. “Rules, Patterns, and the Exercise of Power in Shenoute’s Monastery: The Problem of World Replacement and Identity Maintenance”. Journal of Early Christian Studies 15(1): 45–73.
—2008. “The Ancient Rules of Shenoute’s Monastic Federation”. In Christianity and Monasticism in Upper Egypt: Volume 1: Akhmim and Sohag, edited by Gawdat Gabra and Hany N. Takla. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 73–81.
—2009a. “The Monastic Rules of Shenoute”. In Monastic Estates in Late Antique and Early Islamic Egypt: Ostraca, Papyri, and Essays in Memory of Sarah Clackson, edited by Anne Boud’hors, James Clackson, Catherine Louis and Petra Sijpesteijn (American Studies in Papyrology, 46). Cincinnati, OH: The American Society of Papyrologists, 170–77.
—2009b. “Some Observations on Shenoute’s Sources: Who are Our Fathers?” Journal of Coptic Studies 11: 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/JCS.11.0.2044698
Lefort, L.-T. 1955. S. Athanase: Lettres festales et pastorales en copte (CSCO 150, Scriptores Coptici 19). Leuven: L. Durbecq.
—1965. Œuvres de S. Pachôme et de ses disciples (CSCO 159, Scriptores Coptici 23). Leuven: L. Durbecq. Leipoldt, J. 1906–1913. Sinuthii Archimandritae: Vita et Opera Omnia, 3 vols. CSCO 41, 42, 73, Scriptores Coptici 1, 2, 5. Paris: Imprimérie nationale.
Lundhaug, H. 2008. “Cognitive Poetics and Ancient Texts”. In Complexity, ed. Willy Østreng (Interdisciplinary Communications 2006/2007). Oslo: Centre for Advanced Study, 18–21.
—2010. Images of Rebirth: Cognitive Poetics and Transformational Soteriology in the Gospel of Philip and the Exegesis on the Soul (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies, 73). Leiden: Brill.
—2012. “Shenoute’s Heresiological Polemics and Its Context(s)”. In Invention, Rewriting, Usurpation: Discursive Fights over Religious Traditions in Antiquity, edited by David Brakke, Jörg Ulrich and Anders-Christian Jacobsen (Early Christianity in the Context of Antiquity, 11). Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 239–61.
Moscovitch, M. 2007. “Memory: Why the Engram is Elusive”. In Science of Memory: Concepts, edited by Henry L. Roediger, Yadin Dudai and Susan M. Fitzpatrick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 17–21.
Munier, H. 1916. Manuscrits coptes (Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, 9201–9304. Cairo: Imprimerie de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale.
Olick, J. K. 1999. “Collective Memory: The Two Cultures”. Sociological Theory 17/3: 333–48.
Orlandi, T. 1985. Shenute contra origenistas: Testo con introduzione e traduzione (Unione Accademica Nazionale: Corpus dei Manoscritti Copti Letterari. Rome: C.I.M.
—2002. “The Library of the Monastery of Saint Shenute at Atripe”. In Perspectives on Panopolis: An Egyptian Town from Alexander the Great to the Arab Conquest: Acts from an International Symposium Held in Leiden on 16, 17 and 18 December 1998, edited by A. Egberts, B. P. Muhs and J. van der Vliet (Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava, 31). Leiden: Brill, 211–31.
Reese, E., and R. Fivush. 2008. “The Development of Collective Remembering”. Memory 16(3): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210701806516
Robinson, J. M. 1990. “The First Christian Monastic Library”. In Coptic Studies: Acts of the Third International Congress of Coptic Studies: Warsaw, 20–25 August, 1984, ed. W?odzimierz Godlewski. Warsaw: PWN, 371–78.
Roediger, H. L., F. M. Zaromb and A. C. Butler. 2009. “The Role of Repeated Retrieval in Shaping Collective Memory”. In Memory in Mind and Culture, edited by Pascal Boyer and James V. Wertsch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 138–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626999.009
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Published
2014-01-23
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Section
Articles
How to Cite
Lundhaug, H. (2014). Memory and Early Monastic Literary Practices: A Cognitive Perspective. Journal of Cognitive Historiography, 1(1), 98-120. https://doi.org/10.1558/jch.v1i1.98
