Wayward lives and beautiful experiments
Sex, dance, jazz and gender in the world of the pre-WWII ‘chorus girl’
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jazz.22895Keywords:
Music, dance, African American culture, jazz, USAAbstract
Saidiya Hartman’s 2021 Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments literally re-imagines the experience of young black women in 1910s New York, employing a method Hartman calls ‘critical fabulation’, in which—rather in the form of retconned speculative fiction—she teases out gaps in the archival record. Employing Hartman’s own call-and-response technique of rhetorical questions which spotlight the uncertain answers to questions about minoritized human experience, I ask: ‘How did the “light-skinned chorines” in multi-racial 1930s nightclub and theater culture create spaces of “beautiful experiment” within their day-to-day? How did the “noisy” dance of jazz reinscribe—or subtly subvert—the white racist gaze? What did the chorines think about all this?’ This creative non-fiction essay imagines responses.
References
Brown, J. (2008) Babylon Girls: Black Women Performers and the Shaping of the Modern. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Cockrell, D. (2019) Everybody’s Doin’ It: Sex, Music, and Dance in New York, 1840–1917. New York: Norton.
Fahrni, M. (2017) ‘The Second World War: Wartime Production and War Efforts’. In Montreal: The History of a North American City, edited by Dany Fougères and Roderick Macleod, 37–73. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Feldman, C. (2022) ‘Chorine Research’. [email protected].
Feldman, C., and H. Grantham (2021) ‘Showstoppers! Putting Chorines Back under the Spotlight’. https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/showstoppers-0 (accessed 12 October 2022).
Hartman, S. (2019) Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments: Intimate Histories of Riotous Black Girls. New York: Norton.
High, S. (2017) ‘Little Burgundy’. Urban History Review / Revue d’histoire urbaine 46/1 (Fall): 23–44. https://doi.org/10.3138/uhr.46.01.02
Hinckley, D. (2013) ‘Delilah Jackson, a New Yorker who chronicled the history of black entertainers in the mid-20th century, dies at age 84’. New York Daily News, 23 January. https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/delilah-jackson-chronicler-black-entertainment-dies-article-1.1245837 (accessed 12 May 2022).
‘I Like It ’Cause I Love It’ (1944) Soundie. USA. Library of Congress, Music Division.
Jackson, D. (n.d.) Delilah Jackson papers, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University.
Johnson, H. E., and W. Johnson (2014) A Dancer in the Revolution: Stretch Johnson, Harlem Communist at the Cotton Club. New York: Fordham University Press.
Montreal Gazette (1948) ‘Café St. Michel’. Google News, 3 January. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EoAtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MpkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1815%2C482522 (accessed 12 October 2022).
Morris, E. (1935) ‘Laura Cathrell: As I Know Her’. The Show-Down, November.
Murphy, D. (1929) Black and Tan. New York, RCA. Film.
Peiss, K. (2020) Review: Everybody’s Doin’ It: Sex, Music, and Dance in New York, 1840–1917, by Dale Cockrell, and Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments: Intimate Histories of Social Upheavals, by Saidiya Hartman. Journal of Popular Music Studies 32/3: 139–44. https://doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2020.32.3.139
Thompson, C., and E. Jabouin (2021) ‘Black Media Reporting on Theater, Dance, and Jazz Clubs in Canada: From Shuffle Along to Rockhead’s Paradise’, Journal of Communication Inquiry. https://doi.org/10.1177/01968599211042579
Trenka, S. (2021) Jumping the Color Line: Vernacular Jazz Dance in American Film, 1929–1945. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Wakefield, T. (2015) ‘Stanford Music Scholar Redefines the Jazz and Cabaret Culture of 1920s Harlem’. Stanford News, 15 May. https://news.stanford.edu/2015/05/15/jazz-culture-harlem-051515/ (accessed 18 May 2022).
Willard, P. (1999) ‘Dance: The Unsung Element of Ellingtonia’. The Antioch Review 57/3 (Summer): 402–414. https://doi.org/10.2307/4613888
Williams, A. (2016) ‘Harlem of the North: Montréal, Little Burgundy Jazz and the Rise of Black Musicianship’. Red Bull Music Academy, October. https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2016/10/montreal-jazz-feature
Williams, D. (1997) The Road to Now: A History of Blacks in Montreal. Montreal: Véhicule.
Womack, M. (2013) ‘Harlem Holiday: The Cotton Club, 1925–1940’ (PhD dissertation, University of Washington).
Woods, H. (1942) ‘Chickie Collins buried in sparkle that surrounded her in show world: ’Tis the Brown Bomber Chickie Collins’ Rites’. The Chicago Defender (National Edition) (1921–1967), 8 August. https://search.proquest.com/docview/492626495?accountid=46638 (accessed 20 July 2020).