Complementarianism, Heteronormativity and the Future of the Anglican Church
Tensions in Lived Sydney Anglicanism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jasr.25740Keywords:
Anglican, complementarian, homosexualityAbstract
Within the Anglican communion tensions surrounding different approaches to sexuality and orthodoxy are not new. Among evangelical Sydney Anglicans, maintaining heteronormativity appears necessary for Christian living, maintaining orthodoxy and doing evangelism. I suggest that orthodoxy, sexuality and evangelism are held together by complementarian discourse. I explore this by focusing on the Sydney Anglican Diocese, reading former Archbishop Davies’ 2019 presidential address as an example of complementarian discourse. My reading primarily follows Sara Ahmed’s work on use and wilfulness. Drawing on interview and survey data collected between July 2019 and December 2020, I listen to the responses of parishioners and staff to the presidential address and the diocesan call to complementarianism, evangelism and heteronormativity. I suggest that complementarian models of ministry, and a concomitant refusal to affirm non-heterosexual intimacies, may actually be a barrier to living and doing Christianity in contemporary Australia.
References
Ahmed, Sara 2010 The Promise of Happiness. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
Ahmed, Sara 2014 Willful Subjects. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
Ahmed, Sara 2017 Living a Feminist Life. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
Ahmed, Sara 2019 What’s the Use? On the Uses of Use. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
Anglican Church Diocese of Sydney 2020 Growth Corporation Strategic Plan 2020–2022. Anglican Church Growth Corporation, NSW. Online: https://anglicangrowthcorp.com/wp-content/uploads/AGC_StrategicPlan_2020_web.pdf (accessed 11 March 2023).
Aune, Kristin 2006 Marriage in a British Evangelical Congregation: Practising Postfeminist Partnership? The Sociological Review 54(4): 638–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2006.0066
Aune, Kristin 2008 Evangelical Christianity and Women’s Changing Lives. European Journal of Women’s Studies 15(3): 277–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506808091508
Aune, Kristin, and Rebecca Barnes 2018 In Churches Too: Church Responses to Domestic Abuse—A Case Study of Cumbria. Coventry University and University of Leicester, UK. Online: https://pure.coventry.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/19148579/In_churches_too_final_report.pdf
Barker, Renae 2022 Behind the Split of the Anglican Church in Australia over Gay Marriage. The Conversation, 18 August. Online: https://theconversation.com/behind-the-split-of-the-anglican-church-in-australia-over-gay-marriage-188893 (accessed 17 October 2022).
Bosch, David Jacobus 1987 Evangelism: Theological Currents and Cross-Currents Today. International Bulletin of Ministry Research 11(3): 98–103.
Bouma, Gary, and Anna Halafoff 2017 Australia’s Changing Religious Profile: Rising Nones and Pentecostals, Declining British Protestants in Superdiversity. Views from the 2016 Census. Journal for the Academic Study of Religion 30(2): 129–43. https://doi.org/10.1558/jasr.34826
Budgeon, Shelley 2021 Making Feminist Claims in the Post-Truth Era: The Authority of Personal Experience. Feminist Theory 22(2): 248–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700120988638
Butler, Judith 2015 Notes Towards a Performative Theory of Assembly. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.
Cameron, Marcia 2016 Phenomenal Sydney: Anglicans in a Time of Change, 1945–2013. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock.
Davies, Glenn N. 2019 Presidential Address. Third Session of the 51st Synod of the Diocese of Sydney, 14 October. Sydney Diocesan Services. Online: https://sydneyanglicans.net/images/uploads/PA2019.pdf (accessed 11 March 2023).
DeFranza, Megan 2016 Journeying from the Bible to Christian Ethics in Search of Common Ground. In Two Views on Homosexuality, the Bible, and the Church, edited by P. Sprinkle, 69–101. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
Ezzy, Douglas, Gary Bouma, Greg Barton, Anna Halafoff, Rebecca Banham, Robert Jackson and Lori Beaman 2020 Religious Diversity in Australia: Rethinking Social Cohesion. Religions 11(2): 92–107. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11020092
Fee, Gordon 1987 The First Epistle to the Corinthians. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
Ford, Mandy 2019 God, Gender, Sex and Marriage. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley.
Foucault, Michel 1995 [1975] Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. A. Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books.
Foucault, Michel 2010 [1972] The Archaeology of Knowledge, and the Discourse on Language, trans. A. Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books.
Frame, Tom 2007 Anglicans in Australia. Sydney NSW: University of New South Wales Press.
Frank, Arthur 2010 Letting Stories Breathe: A Socionarratology. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Fraser, Heather, and Christiana MacDougall 2017 Doing Narrative Feminist Research: Intersections and Challenges. Qualitative Social Work 16(2): 240–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325016658114
Fry, Alex 2021 Postfeminist, Engaged and Resistant: Evangelical Male Clergy Attitudes towards Gender and Women’s Ordination in the Church of England. Critical Research on Religion 9(1): 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050303220952868
GAFCON Global Anglicans n.d. History. Online: https://www.gafcon.org/about/history (accessed 9 December 2020).
GAFCON Australia 2022. FAQ on the Diocese of the Southern Cross. Online: https://www.gafconaustralia.org/2022/08/17/faq-on-diocese-of-the-southern-cross/ (accessed 18 August 2022).
Gallagher, Sally 2004 The Marginalization of Evangelical Feminism. Sociology of Religion 65(3): 215–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/3712250
Gallagher, Sally, and Christian Smith 1999 Symbolic Traditionalism and Pragmatic Egalitarianism: Contemporary Evangelicals, Families and Gender. Gender and Society 13(2): 211–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124399013002004
Gibbs, Graham 2018 Thematic Coding and Categorizing. In Analyzing Qualitative Data, 2nd edn, 53–74. London: SAGE Publications. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526441867
Giles, Kevin 2002 The Trinity and Subordinationism: The Doctrine of God and the Contemporary Gender Debate. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Gregory, Katherine 2017 Same-Sex Marriage: Coalition for Marriage Joins No Campaign, Says It Is a Voice for ‘Silent Majority’. Sydney Morning Herald, 14 August. Online: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-14/coalition-of-marriage-calls-itself-voice-for-the-silent-majority/8805558 (accessed 1 February 2023).
GSFA (Global South Fellowship of Anglican Churches) 2022 GSFA to Offer Bishops at the Lambeth Conference an Opportunity to Re-Affirm Lambeth 1.10. 1 August. Online: https://www.thegsfa.org/_files/ugd/6e992c_b4b032a0650a4fa9a82a7140897deec4.pdf (accessed 5 August 2022).
Hollier, Joel 2019 A Place at His Table: A Biblical Exploration of Faith, Sexuality and the Kingdom of God. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books.
Hollier, Joel 2022 ‘I Will Never be Considered Human’: The Devastating Trauma LGBT+ People Suffer in Religious Settings. The Conversation, 8 February. Online: https://theconversation.com/i-will-never-be-considered-human-the-devastating-trauma-lgbtq-people-suffer-in-religious-settings-176360 (accessed 10 February 2022).
Jennings, Mark 2022 The Anglican Split: Why Has Sexuality Become So Important to Conservative Christians? The Conversation, 29 August. Online: https://theconversation.com/the-anglican-split-why-has-sexuality-become-so-important-to-conservative-christians-189130 (accessed 17 October 2022).
Jensen, Michael P. 2012 Sydney Anglicanism: An Apology. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock.
Jensen, Peter F. 2001 Presidential Address, 26 October 2001. Online: https://www.sds.asn.au/presidential-address-2001-0 (accessed 28 August 2021).
Jensen, Peter F. 2012 Last Words. Presidential Address, 49th Synod of the Sydney Anglican Diocese, 8 October. Sydney Diocesan Services. Online: https://sydney-anglicans.net/images/uploads/pres_address_2012.pdf (accessed 20 July 2021).
Kent, Gayle 2016 Adult, Single and Christian: Exploring the Impact of Gender Expectations and Family Roles. In The Gender Conversation: Evangelical Perspectives on Gender, Scripture and the Christian Life, edited by E. Murphy and D. Starling, 93–102. Macquarie Park, NSW: Morling Press; Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock.
Koziol, Michael 2019 ‘Please leave us’: Archbishop Tells Same-Sex Marriage Supporters to Abandon Anglican Church. Sydney Morning Herald, 15 October. Online: https://www.smh.com.au/national/please-leave-us-archbishop-tells-same-sex-marriage-supporters-to-abandon-anglican-church-20191015-p530tk.html (accessed 19 November 2019).
Lee, Dorothy 2019 ‘Please leave us’: The Sydney Diocese and the Division of the Anglican Communion. ABC Religion and Ethics, 21 October. Online: https://www.abc.net.au/religion/the-sydney-diocese-and-the-division-of-the-anglican-communion/11624734 (accessed 21 October 2020).
Loane, Ed 2018 Evangelism and the Sydney Diocese: Our DNA. Australian Church Record, 23 October. Online: https://www.australianchurchrecord.net/evangelism-and-the-sydney-diocese-our-dna/
Maddox Pidgeon, Kylie 2021 Complementarianism and Domestic Abuse: A Social Science Perspective on whether ‘Equal but Different’ is Really Equal at All. In Discovering Biblical Equality: Biblical, Theological, Cultural, and Practical Perspectives, edited by R. W. Pierce and C. Long Westfall, 3rd edn, 551–78. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
McGillion, Chris 2005 The Chosen Ones: The Politics of Salvation in the Anglican Church. Sydney: Allen & Unwin & ProQuest Ebook Central.
McGuire, Meredith 2008 Lived Religion: Faith and Practice in Everyday Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
McKinnon, Andrew, and Christopher Brittain 2021 Anglican Disputes over Sexuality in the Intersection of Global Power Relations: Accounts from African Church Leaders. In Intersecting Religion and Sexuality: Sociological Perspectives, edited by Sarah Jane Page and Andrew Kam-Tuck Yip, 85–102. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Murphy, Edwina, and David Starling (eds) 2016 The Gender Conversation: Evangelical Perspectives on Gender, Scripture, and the Christian Life. Macquarie Park, NSW: Morling Press; Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock.
O’Donnell, Karen 2018 Broken Bodies: The Eucharist, Mary and the Body in Trauma Theology. London: SCM Press.
Page, Sarah Jane 2014 The Scrutinized Priest: Women in the Church of England Negotiating Professional and Sacred Clothing Regimes. Gender, Work and Organisation 21(4): 295–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12035
Page, Sarah Jane, and Heather Shipley 2020 Religion and Sexualities: Theories, Themes and Methodologies. London and New York: Routledge.
Piggin, Stuart, and David Linder 2020 Attending to the National Soul: Evangelical Christians in Australian History 1914–2014. Clayton, Vic: Monash University Publishing.
Porter, Muriel 2011 Sydney Anglicans and the Threat to World Anglicanism: The Sydney Experiment. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Possamai, Adam, and David Tittensor 2022 Religion and Change in Australia. London and New York: Routledge.
Poulos, Elenie 2020 The Power of Belief: Religious Freedom in Australian Parliamentary Debates on Same-Sex Marriage. Australian Journal of Political Science 55(1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2019.1706719
Powell, Russel 2021 Your Voice Needed on Religious Discrimination Bill. Sydney Anglicans, 17 December. Online: https://sydneyanglicans.net/news/your-voice-needed-on-religious-discrimination-bill/51929 (accessed 1 February 2023).
Powell, Russel 2022 Where People Have Lost Confidence, Churches have Fractured. We Don’t Want That. Southern Cross: The News Magazine for Sydney Anglicans (July–August): 10–11.
Powell, Ruth, and Miriam Pepper 2021 National Anglican Family Violence Research Report: Top Line Result. NCLS Research Report. North Ryde, NSW: NCLS Research.
Rose, Mavis 1996 Freedom from Sanctified Sexism: Women Transforming the Church. Queensland: Allira Publications.
Sadgrove, Joanna, Robert Vanderbeck, Kevin Ward, Gill Valentine and Johan Andersson 2010 Constructing the Boundaries of Anglican Orthodoxy: An Analysis of the Global Anglican Futures Conference (GAFCON). Religion 40(3): 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.religion.2010.02.006
Sandeman, John 2019 ‘Please Leave Us’, Sydney’s Archbishop Tells People Who Want to Change Doctrine. Eternity News, 14 October. Online: https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/please-leave-us-sydneys-anglican-archbishop-tells-progressive-christians/ (accessed 19 November 2019).
Scarfe, Janet 2012 Movement for the Ordination of Women: Their Hearts in Their Mouths. In Preachers, Prophets and Heretics: Anglican Women’s Ministry, edited by E. Lindsay and J. Scarfe, 117–45. Sydney NSW: UNSW Press.
Scott, Joan 1992 Experience. In Feminists Theorize the Political, edited by J. Butler and J. W. Scott, 22–40. New York: Routledge.
Scott, Joan 2018 Sex and Secularism. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Sherwood, Yvonne 1997 Rocking the Boat: Jonah and the New Historicism. Biblical Interpretation 5(4): 364–402.
Shorter, Rosie Clare 2021 Rethinking Complementarianism: Sydney Anglicans, Orthodoxy and Gendered Inequality. Religion and Gender 11(2): 218–44. https://doi.org/10.1163/18785417-bja10005
Squire, Corinne, Molly Andrews and Maria Tamboukou 2017 What is Narrative Research? In Doing Narrative Research, edited by Molly Andrews, Corinne Squire and Maria Tamboukou, 1–26. London: Sage Publications. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526402271
Thomson, Heather 2014 Taking Stock: A Survey of Women Ordained in the Anglican Church of Australia. St Mark’s Review: A Journal of Christian Thought and Opinion 228(2): 1–50.
Weber, Max 2001 [1930] The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans. T. Parsons. London and New York: Routledge.
White, Heather 2015 Reforming Sodom: Protestants and the Rise of Gay Rights. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Equinox Publishing Ltd.