The Problematic Church Building
History, Authority and the Liturgy of Church Closure in Australia, 1973–1998
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/arsr.v23i1.64Keywords:
Building, Religion, Demography, DenominationsAbstract
Church closure in Australia is often a disturbing process even if handled well. Attachment to a building, especially if it is an historic one, is difficult to sever. The formal and symbolic separation is achieved through liturgy. This paper discusses a sample of liturgies used in Australian Protestant churches that closed between 1973 and 1998. The liturgies address the disturbance of closure by interpreting the history of the building and its congregation in theological terms. In the process, the authority of the church is re-established in a climate of fracture and dissolution. In its ultimate purpose, the liturgy of closure resembles a Christian funeral. At the point of ‘death’, the liturgy provides a means to return to God.References
Anglican Church of Australia 1996 Moving Out—Moving On: The Report of the Viability and Restructuring Committee to the Synod. Diocese of Tasmania [copy in possession of author].
Annerley Uniting Church 1989 A Service of Worship to Give Thanks for the Ministry and Witness of this Church over Many Years and to Mark its Closure as a Place of Worship, 2 April 1989; order of service [copy in possession of author].
Atkinson, Len 1991 Interview, 10 September, Adelaide, South Australia [transcript in possession of author].
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2006a 2006 Census QuickStats: Glenelg (State Suburb). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. Online: http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au. (accessed June 25, 2008).
b 2006 Census QuickStats: Summer Hill (Ashfield) (State Suburb). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. Online: http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au (accessed June 25, 2008).
Batz, Jeannette 1999 If Church Means a Building, Something’s Missing. National Catholic Reporter 35(41): 26.
Bellamy, John, et al. 2002 Why People Don’t Go to Church. Openbook, Adelaide.
Bibby, Reginald W., and Merlin B. Brinkerhoff 1994 Circulation of the Saints 1966–1990: New Data, New Reflections. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 33(3): 273-80. doi:10.2307/1386690.
Bouma, Gary D., and Beverly R. Dixon 1986 The Religious Factor in Australian Life. MARC Australia, Melbourne.
Carey, Hilary M. 1996 Believing in Australia: A Cultural History of Religions. Allen & Unwin, Sydney.
Christ Church Ringarooma 1997 A Thanksgiving Eucharist to Mark the Closure of Christ Church Ringarooma, 6 July 1997; order of service [copy in possession of author].
Clark, Jennifer 1993 The Wearer Knows Where the Shoe Pinches: The Closure of Bath Street Uniting Church. Journal of the Oral History Association of Australia 15: 101-10.
The Impact of Church Closure on Australian Popular Culture. Journal of Popular Culture 30(1): 147-62. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1996.00147.x.
Property Matters Are Vexing: The Impact of Church Closure. In Tradition and Change: A National Conference on the Heritage Conservation of Religious Property, edited by Elizabeth Broomhead, 80-87. NSW Heritage Office, Sydney.
This Special Shell: The Church Building and the Embodiment of Memory. Journal of Religious History 37(1): 59-77. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9809.2007.00545.x.
Davey Street Methodist Church, Hobart 1973 History of the Church and Final Service, 25 March 1973; order of service. State Library of Tasmania, Hobart.
Davison, Graeme 2000 The Use and Abuse of Australian History. Allen & Unwin, Sydney.
Dawson, Christopher 1977 The Christian View of History. In God, History and Historians: An Anthology of Modern Christian Views of History, edited by C.T. McIntire, 28-45. Oxford University Press, New York.
Edie, Fred P. 2001 Liturgy, Emotion and the Poetics of Being Human. Religious Education 96(4): 474-88. doi:10.1080/003440801753442384.
Griffin, Graeme 2001 Property and Grief. Uniting Church in Australia, Synod of Victoria Property Board, Melbourne.
Hedley, Ron 1995 Letter to the Editor. Western Impact, February 1995. Place Files, ‘B’ [Bayswater], Uniting Church in Australia Archives, Perth.
Hilliard, David 1997 The Religious Crisis of the 1960s: The Experience of the Australian Churches. Journal of Religious History 21(2): 209-27. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9809.1997.tb00486.x.
Hindmarsh, D. Bruce 1999 My Chains Fell Off, my Heart Was Free: Early Methodist Conversion Narrative in England. Church History 68(4): 910-29. doi:10.2307/3170209.
Hoge, Dean, and David A. Roozen 1979 Understanding Church Growth and Decline, 1950–1978. Pilgrim, New York.
Howells, Gary 1984 History of Saint Oswald’s Church Swanbourne: 60 Years of Service. Place Files ‘S’, Uniting Church in Australia Archives, Perth.
Hughes, Philip J. 1991 Types of Faith and the Decline of Mainline Churches. In Religion in Australia: Sociological Perspectives, edited by Alan W. Black, 92-105. Allen & Unwin, Sydney.
Hunt, Arnold 1990 Closing Sermon Delivered at Bath St, December 30, 1990 [archived notes]. Uniting Church History Centre, Adelaide, SA.
Jenkins, Keith 1994 [1991] Rethinking History. Routledge, London.
Why History? Ethics and Postmodernity. Routledge, London.
Johnson, Todd E. 2006 Resurrecting the Funeral Sermon. Liturgy 21(1): 37-50. doi:10.1080/04580630500285980.
Johnston Memorial Congregational Church, Fremantle 1953 Centenary Celebrations, Wed May 13–May 24 1953 [Programme of Gathering]. Place Files, ‘F’, Uniting Church in Australia, Archives, Perth.
Jones, Joan 1979 History of Peel Street, Windsor Uniting Church [unpublished typescript]. 1283/9 Windsor, Uniting Church in Australia, Synod Archives, Melbourne.
Kaldor, Peter 1987 Who Goes Where? Who Doesn’t Care? Lancer, Sydney.
Taking Stock: A Prole of Australian Church Attenders. Openbook, Sydney.
Kaldor, Peter, et al. 1994 Winds of Change: The Experience of Church in a Changing Australia.
Lancer, Sydney. 1999 Build my Church. Openbook, Sydney.
Kapp, Deborah J. 2004 The Portrayal of Pastoral Authority in Worship. Liturgy 19(4): 45-56. doi:10.1080/04580630490490521.
Maier, Christoph T. 1997 Crisis, Liturgy and the Crusades in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 48(4): 628-58. doi:10.1017/S0022046900013440.
Mansfield, Joan, and Bruce E. Mansfield 2003 New South Wales: Identity Firm or Fragmented? In The Uniting Church in Australia: The First 25 Years, edited by William W. Emilsen and Susan Emilsen, 34-66. Circa, Armadale, VIC.
McCall, Richard D. 2000 In My Beginning Is my End: Remembering the Future Shape of Liturgy. Anglican Theological Review 82(1): 17-27.
McKay, Arthur 1990 Notes from a Sermon, delivered at Drummartin, November 4, 1990. [copy in possession of author].
McKay, Constance n.d. An Outline of History of Drummartin 1864–1964 [12 page unpublished history typed and copied] [copy in possession of author].
Mol, Hans 1985 The Faith of Australians. Allen & Unwin, Sydney.
Mount Seymour Uniting Church 1992 Commemorating the 90th Year of Public Worship in the Mount Seymour Uniting Church, 16 February 1992. State Library of Tasmania, Hobart.
Perry, Dulcie 1985 The Place of Waters: A History of the First Fifty Years of Glenelg. Published by the author in association with The Corporation of the City of Glenelg, and National Trust of South Australia, Glenelg Branch, Adelaide.
Porter, Muriel 1989 New Life for Small Churches: The Shock of Closing. Australian Ministry 1(2): 9-11.
Quivik, Melinda A. 2006 Funerals Proclaim the Communion of Saints. Liturgy 21(1): 29-36. doi:10.1080/04580630500285972.
Roof, Wade Clark 1987 American Mainline Religion: Its Changing Shape and Future. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ.
Roozen, David A. 1980 Church Dropouts: Changing Patterns of Disengagement and Re-entry. Review of Religious Research 21(4): 427-50. doi:10.2307/3510682.
Ryan, Peter Lyndon 1990 Glenelg Uniting Church Parish: From Maintenance to Mission. Doctor of Ministry, Fuller Theological Seminary, CA.
Schaeffer, Pamela A. 1996 So Many Buildings Built on Backs of Catholics: Custom Seems to Demand that they Put the Arm on Parishioners to Fork over Money for the Building Fund while Older Churches are Demolished or Sold. National Catholic Reporter 32(44): 22-23.
St Margaret’s Uniting Church, North Perth 1990 Final Service, 25 November [8 page history; copied congregational handout]. Place Files, ‘N’, Uniting Church Archives, Perth.
Stark, Rodney 1985 Religious Movements: Genesis, Exodus and Numbers. Paragon, New York.
Stookey, Laurence Hull 1982 Baptism: Christ’s Act in the Church. Abingdon Press, Nashville.
The Summer Hill Methodist Church n.d. The Summer Hill Methodist Church 1892–1975 [3 page unpublished history; typed and copied] [copy in possession of author].
Thompson, Roger C. 1994 Religion in Australia: A History. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
Tillinghast, Pardon E. 1972 The Specious Past: Historians and Others. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Visser, Margaret 2001 The Geometry of Love: Space, Time, Mystery, and Meaning in an Ordinary Church. North Point Press, New York.
Walter, Tony 1990 Funerals and How to Improve Them. Hodder & Stoughton, London.
Windsor Uniting Church 1979a Closing Service, 16 December 1979 [Cassette Tape Recording]. 1283/9 Windsor, Uniting Church in Australia, Synod Archives, Melbourne.
b Order of Service. 1283/9 Windsor, Uniting Church in Australia, Synod Archives, Melbourne.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Equinox Publishing Ltd.