All is of God
Joy, Suffering, and the Interplay of Contrasts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/32682Keywords:
theodicy, comparative theology, Vaiṣṇava nondualism, mythology, sufferingAbstract
This essay elaborates a constructive, comparative, nondual theodicy for the Christian tradition based on the Hindu Vaisnava tradition. According to the Indologist Henrich Zimmer, in Vaisnavism everything is an emanation of Visnu, therefore everything is of Visnu. All apparent opposites are inherently divine and implicitly complementary. Good and bad, joy and suffering, pain and pleasure are not conflicting dualities; they are interdependent qualities that increase one another's being. The Hindu myth of Samudra Manthan, or the Churning of the Ocean, exemplifies Vaisnava nondualism. In that story, gods and demons--seeming opposites--cooperate in order to extract the nectar of immortality from an ocean of milk. If "opposites" are interdependent, hence complementary, then they are not "opposites" but mutually amplifying contrasts. Given this phenomenology, and applying it to the Christian tradition, a benevolent God who desires full vitality for her creatures would have to create pain, suffering, darkness, and death in order to intensify their correlates. Love would demand their creation, because love would want abundant life for all. In this aesthetic theodicy, the interplay of all contrasts results from the love of a life-giving God.
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