Learning Japanese interactional particles through a usage-based and concept-based language instruction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.22036Keywords:
interactional particles, concept-based instrcution, usage-based mode, epistemic stance, Japanese-as-second-languageAbstract
The purpose of the current study is two-fold. First, this paper aims to uncover the three-year acquisition process of three interactional particles, ne, yo, and yone by three Chinese-speaking learners of Japanese in a corpus. Among the three particles, yone appeared the latest after one year of study abroad, and the learners progressed in their usage by trying to share epistemic stance and assessments by using yone. However, understanding the epistemic stance for the speaker’s world is challenging. Second, this paper supports the integration of usage-based approaches and sociocultural theory. For teaching interactional particles effectively in the classroom, understanding of the role of intersubjectivity in discourse is crucial. This paper proposes three sets of schematic visual representations for core meanings of ne, yo, and yone, which is essential for concept-based language instruction.
References
Banno, E., Ikeda, Y., Ohno, Y., Shinagawa, C., & Tokashiki, K. (2011). Genki I: An integrated course in elementary Japanese (2nd ed.). Tokyo: Japan Times.
Buescher, K., & Strauss, S. (2018). Conceptual framework and L2 pedagogy: The case of French prepositions. In A. Tyler, L. Ortega, M. Uno & H. I. Park (Eds.), Usage-inspired L2 instruction: Researched pedagogy (pp. 95–116). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Clancy, P. M. (1985). The acquisition of Japanese. In D. I. Slobin, The crosslinguistic study of language acquisition. Vol. 1. The data (pp. 373–524). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cook, H. M. (1992). Meaning of non-referential indexes: A case study of the Japanese sentence-final particle ne. Text, 12(4), 507–539. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.1992.12.4.507
Du Bois, J. W., Schuetze-Coburn, S., Cumming, S., & Paoline, D. (1993). Online of discourse transcription. In J. A. Edwards & M. D. Lampert (Eds.), Talking data: Transcription and recording methods for language research (pp. 45–89). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Gal’perin, Piotr I. (1992 [1978]). Stage-by-stage formation as a method of psychological investigation. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 30(4), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.2753/rpo1061-0405300460
Goodwin, C., & Goodwin, M. H. (1987). Context, activity and participant. IPRA Papers in Pragmatics, 1, 1–54.
Hasunuma, A. (1995). Taiwa ni okeru kakunin kooi daro, ja nai ka, yone no kakunin yoho (The functions of confirmation by daro, ja nai ka, yone in discourse). In Y. Nitta (Ed.) Fukubun no kenkyu: Ge (Research on complex clauses: 2) (pp. 289-419). Tokyo: Kurosio.
Hatasa, A. Y., Hatasa, K., & Makino, S. (2009). Nakama 1: Introductory Japanese: Communication, culture, context. Independence, KY: Cengage Learning.
Hayano, K. (2011). Claiming epistemic primacy: Yo-marked assessments in Japanese. In T. Stivers, L. Mondada & J. Steensig (Eds.), The morality of knowledge in conversation (pp. 58–81). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hayano, K. (2017). When (not) to claim epistemic independence: The use of ne and yone in Japanese conversation. East Asian Pragmatics, 2(2), 163–193. https://journals.equinoxpub.com/OLDEAP/article/viewArticle/34740
He, A. W., & Young, R. (1998). Language proficiency interviews: A discourse approach. In R. Young & A. W. He (Eds.), Talking and testing: Discourse approaches to the assessment of oral proficiency (pp. 1–23). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Ikegami, Y. (2016). Subject–object contrast (shukaku-tairitsu) and subject–object merger (shukaku-gouitsu) in “thinking for speaking”: A typology of the speaker’s preferred stances of construal across languages and its implications for language teaching. In K. Kabata & K. Toratani (Eds.), Cognitive-functional approaches to the study of Japanese as second language (pp. 301–318). Boston, MA, and Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ikegami, Y., & Moriya, M. (2009). Shizenna nihongo o oshieru tameni: Ninchigengogaku o fumaete (How cognitive linguistics can help you to master natural Japanese). Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.
Ishida, M. (2009). Development of interactional competence: Changes in the use of ne in L2 Japanese during study abroad. In H. Nguyen & G. Kasper (Eds.), Talk-in-interaction: Multilingual perspectives (pp. 351–385). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i, National Foreign Language Resource Center.
Izuhara, E. (2003). Shujoshi yo, yone, ne no saiko (Reexamination of sentence final particles, yo, yone, and ne). Aichi Gakuin Daigaku Kyoyobu Kiyo, 51(2), 1–15.
Kanaya, T. (2004). Eigonimo shugo wa nakatta (English used to be a subject-less language). Tokyo: Kodansha shoten sensho meche.
Kizu, M., Pizziconi, B., & Iwasaki, N. (2013). Modal markers in Japanese: A study of learners’ use before and after study abroad. Japanese Language and Literature, 47, 93–133.
Kizu, M., Pizziconi, B., & Gyogi, E. (2019). The particle ne in the development of interactional positioning in L2 Japanese. East Asia Pragmatics, 4(1), 113–143. https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.38217
Langacker, R. (2000). A dynamic usage-based model. In M. Barlow & S. Kemmer (Eds.), Usage-based models of language (pp. 1–63). Stanford, CA: CSLI.
Lantolf, J. (2011). Integrating sociocultural theory and cognitive linguistics in the second language classroom. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language Teaching and Learning (pp. 10–16). New York and London: Routledge.
Lantolf, J., & Poehner, M. (2014). Sociocultural theory and the pedagogical imperative in L2 education. New York and London: Routledge.
Lantolf, J., & Tsai, M.-H. (2018). L2 developmental education and systemic theoretical instruction: The case of English verb + noun collocations. In A. E. Tyler, L. Ortega, M. Uno & H. I. Park (Eds.), Usage-inspired L2 instruction: Researched pedagogy (pp. 29–54). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Lee, D. (2007). Involvement and the Japanese interactive particles ne and yo. Journal of Pragmatics, 39(2), 363–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma
Makino, S. & Tsutsui, M. (1993). A dictionary of basic Japanese grammar. Tokyo: Japan Times.
Masuda, K. (2009). Learners’ use of Japanese interactional particles in student–teacher conversations. Japanese Language and Literature, 43, 335–362. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20720570
Masuda, K. (2011). Acquiring interactional competence in a study-abroad context: Japanese language learners’ use of the interactional particle ne. Modern Language Journal, 95(4), 519–540. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01256.x
Masuda, K. (Ed.) (2018). Cognitive linguistics and Japanese pedagogy: A usage-based approach to language learning and instruction. Berlin and Boston: Mouton de Gruyter.
Masuda, K. (in preparation). Characterizing Japanese interactional particles through a corpus-based approach.
Masuda, K., & Ohta, A. (2021). Teaching subjective construal and related constructions with SCOBAs: Concept learning as a foundation for Japanese language development. Language and Sociocultural Theory, 8(1), 35–67. https://journal.equinoxpub.com/LST/article/view/19036
Mine, F. (1995). Nihongo gakushuusha no kaiwa ni okeru bunmatsu-hyoogen no shuutoku katei ni kansuru kenkyu (Study of Japanese language acquisition: How learners acquire sentence endings). Nihongo Kyoiku, 86, 65–80.
Morita, E. (2002). Stance marking in the collaborative completion of sentences: Final particles as epistemic markers in Japanese. In N. Akatsuka & S. Strauss (Eds.), Japanese and Korean linguistics, 10 (pp. 220–233). Stanford, CA: CSLI.
Morita, E. (2005). Negotiation of contingent talk: The Japanese interactional particles ne and sa. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.137
Morita, E. (2015). Japanese interactional particles as a resource for stance building. Journal of Pragmatics, 83, 91–103. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378216614002574
Morita, E. (2016). Kaiwa no hajime no ippo: Kodomo ni okeru sogokoishi yo no shiyo (First steps in conversation: Children’s use of the interactional particle yo). In A. Takada (Ed.), Kosodate no kaiwa bunseki: Otona to kodomo no sekinin wa do sodatsuka (Conversation analysis of child care: How adults’ and children’s “responsibility” develops) (pp. 146–170). Tokyo: Showado.
Morita, Y. (2002). Nihongo bumpo no hasso (Idea of Japanese grammar). Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.
Nazikian, F. (2005). Shujoshi yo, to ne to nihongo kyoiku (Sentence-final particles and Japanese pedagogy). In O. Kamata, Y. Tsutsui, Y. Hatasa, F. Nazikian & M. Oka (Eds.), Gengo kyoiku no shintenkai (New development of language education) (pp. 3–15). Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.
Nazikian, F. (2019). Yone as discourse-pragmatic marker in blog messages: An epistemic and evaluative stances. Communication and Mdeida Studies, 4(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.18848/2470-9247/CGP/v04i01/43-60
Negueruela-Azarola, E. (2008). Revolutionary pedagogies: Learning that leads development in the second language classroom. In J. P. Lantolf & M. Poehner (Eds.), Sociocultural theory and the teaching of second languages (pp. 189–227). London: Equinox Publishers.
Ohso, M. (2005). Shujoshi yo, ne, yone saiko: Zatsudan koopasu ni motozuku koosatsu (Re-examination of Shujoshi yo, ne, yone: Through corpus analysis). In O. Kamata, Y. Tsutsui, Y. Hatasa, F. Nazikian & M. Oka (Eds.), Gengo kyoiku no shintenkai (New development of language education) (pp. 3–15). Tokyo: Kurosio.
Ohta, A. S. (2001). A longitudinal study of the development of expression of alignment in Japanese as a foreign language. In K. R. Rose & G. Kasper (Eds.), Pragmatics in language teaching (pp. 103–124). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524797.010
Ohta, A. S. (2017). From SCOBA development to implementation in concept-based instruction: Conceptualizing and teaching Japanese addressee honorifics as expressing modes of self. Language and Sociocultural Theory, 4(2), 187–218. https://doi.org/10.1558/lst.31492
Ohta, A., & K. Masuda. (2018). Future directions for informed language pedagogy from cognitive linguistics and sociocultural theory. In K. Masuda (Ed.), Cognitive linguistics and Japanese pedagogy: A usage-based approach to language learning and instruction (pp. 305–321). Berlin and Boston, MA: Mouton de Gruyter.
Saigo, H. (2011). The Japanese sentence-final particles in talk-in-interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Saigo, H. (2015) Purofishenshi to ne yo. (Proficiency and ne, yo) In O. Kamata, K. Shimada & R. Tsutsumi (Eds.), Danwa to purofishenshi (Discourse and proficiency) (pp. 112–145). Tokyo: Bonjinsha.
Sawyer, M. (1992). The development of pragmatics in Japanese as a second language: The sentence-final particle ne. In G. Kasper (Ed.), Pragmatics of Japanese as a native and target language (pp. 83–125). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i.
Shibahara, T. (2002). Ne no shutoku: 2000/2001 choki kenshu OPI deta no bunseki (Acquisition of ne: Analysis of the OPI data during the 2000–2001 long-term training). Nihongo Kokusai Senta Kiyo, 12, 19–34.
Taguchi, N. (2014). Development of interactional competence in Japanese as a second language: Use of incomplete sentences as interactional resources. Modern Language Journal, 98(2), 518–535. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/modl.12087
Tyler, A. (2012). Cognitive linguistics and second language learning: Theoretical basics and experimental evidence. New York: Routledge.
Usami, M., & Zhan, M. (2020). Zatsudan ni okeru nihongo gakushusha ni yoru fushizenna shujoshi ne, yo, yone. BTSJ Nihongo shizen kaiwa kopasu 2018 ban wo mochiite (Unnatural use of learners’ use of sentence final particles, ne, yo, yone: using BTSJ corpus). NINJAL Salon online presentation, 26 May.
Uyeno, T. (1971). A study of Japanese modality: A performative analysis of sentence particle. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
van Compernolle, R. A. (2014). Sociocultural theory and L2 instructional pragmatics. Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Yoshimi, R. D. (1997). An expanded concept of speakerhood in Japanese discourse. In H. Sohn & J. Haig (Eds.), Japanese/Korean linguistics, 6 (pp. 583–605). Stanford, CA: CSLI.
Yang, H. 2010. Chugokujin nihongo gakushusha no shujoshi no shiyoni kansuru ichi kosatsu (An analysis of the use of final particles in conversations by Chinese learners of Japanese as a second language). Ochanomizu joshidaigaku jinbunkagaku kenkyuu, 6, 199–208.
Young, R.F. (2008). Language and interaction: An advanced resource book. London and New York: Routledge.
Young, R. F. (2011). Interactional competence in language learning and teaching. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in language learning and teaching (pp. 426–443). New York: Routledge.