Current Trends in the Study of Early Christian Martyrdom
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/bsor.v41i3.22Keywords:
Martyrdom, Christianity, OrthodoxyAbstract
This paper investigate recent scholarship on early Christian martyrdom. It discusses the shift away from the study of the origins of martyrdom to an interest in martyrdom and the body, Christian identity formation, and martyrdom and orthodoxy. It further discusses the need for a reappraisal of the evidence for early Christian martyrdom and the renewed attention that questions of dating, authorship, and provenance have received.
References
Barnes, Timothy D. 2010. Early Christian Hagiography and Roman History. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010.
_____. 2009. “The Date of Ignatius.” Expository Times 120: 119-130.
_____. 1968. “Legislation against the Christians.” Journal of Roman Studies 58: 32–50.
Baumeister, Theofried. 1980. Die Anfänge der Theologie des Martyriums. Münster: Aschendorff.
Bowes, Kim. 2008. Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Boyarin Daniel. 1999. Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Brakke, David. 2011. The Gnostics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012.
Bremmer, Jan N. 2002. “Perpetua and Her Diary: Authenticity, Family and Visions.” In Märtyrer und Märtyrerakten. Altertumwissenschaftliches Kolloquium, 6. Edited by Walter Ameling, 77-120. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Brent, Allen. 2010. Cyprian And Roman Carthage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, Peter. 1988. The Body and Society in Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press.
Brox, Norbert. 1961. Zeuge und Märtyrer; Untersuchungen zur frühchristlichen Zeugnis-Terminologie. Studien zum Alten und Neuen Testament, 5. München: Kösel-Verlag.
Buschmann, Gerd. 1998. Das Martyrium des Polycarp. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Bynum, Caroline Walker. 1995. The Resurrection of the Body in Western Christianity, 200-1336. New York: Columbia University Press.
Burrus, Virginia. 2008. Saving Shame: Martyrs, Saints, and Other Abject Objects. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
von Campenhausen, Hans. 1936. Die Idee des Martyriums in der alten Kirche. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Cardman, Francine. 1993. “Acts of the Women Martyrs.” In Women in Early Christianity. Edited by D. M. Scholer, 98-104. New York: Garland.
Castelli, Elizabeth A. 2004. Martyrdom and Memory: Early Christian Culture Making. Gender, Theory, and Religion. New York: Columbia University Press.
_____. 1996. Martyrdom and Memory; Judith Lieu, Image and Reality: The Jews in the World of the Christians in the Second Century. Edinburgh: T & T Clark.
Cobb, L. Stephanie. 2008. Dying to be Men. New York: Columbia University Press.
Cooper, Kate. 2000. The Roman Martyrs and the Politics of Memory. Oxford: Blackwell.
_____. 1999. “The Martyr, the Matrona and the Bishop: The Matron Lucina and the Politics of Martyr Cult in Fifth- and Sixth-Century Rome.” Early Medieval Europe 8.3: 297-317.
Corrington, Gail Streete. 2009. Redeemed Bodies: Women Martyrs in Early Christianity. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox.
_____. 2006. “Of Martyrs and Men: Perpetua, Thecla, and the Ambiguity of Female Heroism in Early Christianity.” In The Subjective Eye: Essays in Culture, Religion, and Gender in Honor of Margaret R. Miles. Princeton Theological Monographs, 59. Edited by Richard Valantasis, 254-254. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications.
Dearn, Alan. 2006. “Voluntary Martyrdom and the Donatist Schism.” Studia Patristica XXXIX: Papers Presented at the Fourteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies Held in Oxford 2003. Edited by F. Young, M. Edwards, and P. Parvis, 27-32. Leuven/Paris: Peeters.
Delehaye, Hippolyte. 1922. The Work of the Bollandists Through Three Centuries: 1615-1915. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
_____. 1921. Les passions des martyrs et les genres littéraires. Brussels: Société des Bollandistes.
_____. 1906. Les legends hagiographiques. 2d edition. Brussels: Société des Bollandistes.
Denzey-Lewis, Nicola. 2008. The Bone Gatherers. Boston, MA: Beacon.
Digeser, Elizabeth DePalma. 2012. A Threat to Public Piety: Christians, Platonists, and the Great Persecution. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Drake, H. A. 2011. “Intolerance, Religious Violence and Political Legitimacy in Late Antiquity.” Journal American Academy of Religion 79.1: 193-235.
_____. 1996. “Lambs into Lambs: Explaining Early Christian Intolerance.” Past and Present 153: 3-36.
Droge, Arthur J. 1995. “The Crown of Immortality: Toward a Redescription of Christian Martyrdom.” In Death, Ecstasy, and Other Worldly Journeys. Edited by John J. Collins and Michael A. Fishbane, 155-170. Albany: SUNY Press.
Droge, Arthur J. and James A. Tabor. 1992. A Noble Death: Suicide and Martyrdom Among Christians and Jews in Antiquity. San Francisco: Harper Collins.
Eastman, David L. 2011. Paul the Martyr: The Cult of the Apostle in the Latin West. Writings from the Greco-Roman World Supplements Series, 4. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
Eigler, Ulrich. 1998. “Exitus illustrium virorum.” Der neue Pauly 4: 344-345.
Farina, William. 2009. Perpetua of Carthage: Portrait of a Third Century Martyr. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co, 2009.
Frend, W.H.C. 1993. “Blandina and Perpetua: Two Early Christian Heroines.” In Women in Early Christianity. Edited by D. M. Scholer, 87-97. New York: Garland.
_____. 1985. “The Donatist Church – Forty Years On.” In Windows on Origins: Essays on the Early Church in Honour of J. A. A. A. Stoop. Edited by C. Landman and D. P. Whitelaw, 70-84. Pretora: University of South Africa, 1985.
_____. 1969. “Cicumcellions and Monks.” Journal of Theological Studies 20: 542-549.
_____. 1965. Martyrdom and Persecution in the Early Church. Oxford: Blackwell.
_____. 1952a. The Donatist Church. Oxford: Clarendon.
_____. 1952b. “The Cellae of the African Cicrumcellions.” Journal of Theological Studies 3: 87-89.
Gaddis, Michael. 2005. There is No Crime for Those Who have Christ: Religious Violence in the Christian Roman Empire. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
von Gebhardt, Oscar. 1902. Acta martyrum selecta: ausgewählte Märtyreracten und andere Urkunden aus der Verfolgungszeit der christlichen Kirche. Berlin: Duncker.
Godding, Robbert. 2007. Bollandistes saints et légendes: Quatre siècles de recherché. Brussels: Société des Bollandistes.
Heffernan, Thomas J. 1988. Sacred Biography: Saints and their Biographers in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
van Henten, J. W. 1997. The Maccabees as Saviours of the Jewish People: A Study of 2 and 4 Maccabees. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
van den Hoek, Annewies. 1993. “Clement of Alexandria on Martyrdom.” In Studia Partistica XXVI. Papers Presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Patristric Studies Held in Oxford 1991. Edited E. A. Livingstone, 324-341. Leuven/Paris: Peeters.
Jensen, Anne. 1996. God’s Self-Confident Daughters: Early Christianity and the Liberation of Women. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.
King, Karen L. 2009. “Martyrdom and its Discontents in the Tchacos Codex.” In Codex Judas Papers. Nag Hammadi and Manichean Studies, 71. Edited by April D. DeConick, 23-42. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
Lamberis, Vasiliki M. 2011. Architects of Piety: The Cappadocian Fathers and the Cult of the Martyrs. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Leemans, Johan. 2006. More than a Memory: the Discourse of Martyrdom and the Construction of Christian Identity. Leuven/Paris: Peeters.
Lefkowitz, Mary R. 1976. “Motivations for St. Perpetua’s Martyrdom.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 44.3: 417-421.
Lieu, Judith. 1996. Image and Reality: The Jews in the World of the Christians in the Second Century. Edinburgh: T & T Clark.
Middleton, Paul. 2006. Radical Martyrdom and Cosmic Conflict in Early Christianity. London: T & T Clark.
Mommsen, Theodor. 1899. Römisches Strafrecht. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot.
Moss, Candida R. 2012a. Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions. Anchor Yale Reference Library. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
_____. 2012b. “The Discourse of Voluntary Martyrdom: Ancient and Modern.” Church History 81.3: 531-551.
_____. 2010. “On the Dating of Polycarp: Rethinking the Place of the Martyrdom of Polycarp in the History of Christianity.” Early Christianity 1.4: 539-74.
_____. 2010. The Other Christs: Imitating Jesus in Ancient Christian Ideologies of Martyrdom. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Painchaud, Louis. 2008. “Polemical Aspects of the Gospel of Judas.” In The Gospel of Judas in Context: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Gospel of Judas. Edited by Madeleine Scopello, 171-186. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
Pagels, Elaine. 1980. “Gnostic and Orthodox Views of Christ’s Passion: Paradigms for the Christian’s Response to Persecution?” In The Rediscovery of Gnosticism. Edited by Bentley Layton, 262-288. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
_____. 1979. The Gnostic Gospels. New York: Random House.
Pagels, Elaine and Karen L. King. 2007. Reading Judas: The Gospel of Judas and the Shaping of Christianity. New York: Viking.
Perkins, Judith. 2007. “The Rhetoric of the Maternal Body in the Passion of Perpetua.” In Mapping Gender in Ancient Religious Discourses. Biblical Interpretation Series, 84. Edited by Todd C. Penner and Caroline Vander Stichele, 313-332. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
Perler, Othmar. 1949. “Das vierte Makkabaeerbuch, Ignatius von Antiochien und der ältesten Martyrerberichte.” Rivista di archeologia Cristiana 25: 47-72.
Rhee, Helen. 2005. Early Christian Literature: Christ and Culture in the Second and Third Centuries. London/New York: Routledge.
Rives, James B. 1999. “The Decree of Decius and the Religion of Empire.” Journal of Roman Studies 89: 135-54.
_____. 1996. “Piety of a Persecutor.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 4.1: 1-25.
Rosweyde, Héribert. 1607. Fasti Sanctorum quorum in belgicis bibliothecis manuscriptae. Antwerp.
Ruinart, Thierry. 1689. Acta primorum marturum sincera et selecta. Paris: Muget.
Salisbury, Joyce. 1997. Perpetua’s Passion: The Death and Memory of a Young Roman Woman. London/New York: Routledge.
Seeley, David. 1990. The Noble Death: Graeco-Roman Martyrology and Paul’s Concept of Salvation. Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series, 28. Sheffield: JSOT Press.
Shaw, Brent D. 2004. “Who Were the Circumcellions?” In Vandals, Romans, and Berbers. Edited by A. H. Merrils, 227-258. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.
Sherwin-White, A. N. 1964. “Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted?—An Amendment.” Past & Present 27: 23–27.
Sizgorich, Thomas. 2008. Violence and Belief in Late Antiquity: Militant Devotion in Christianity and Islam. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Ste. Croix, G. E. M de. 2006. “Voluntary Martyrdom in the Early Church.” In Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy. Edited by G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, Michael Whitby, Joseph Streeter, 153-200. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
_____. 1964. “Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted?—A Rejoinder.” Past & Present 27: 28–33.
_____. 1963. “Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted?” Past and Present 26: 6–38. Reprinted in Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy. Edited by G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, Michael Whitby, Joseph Streeter, 153-200. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Strathmann, H. 1939. “Martus, etc.” In Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament. Edited by Gerhard Kittel, 4.477-520. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.
Tabbernee, William. 2007. Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments. Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, 84. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
_____. 1985. “Early Montanism and Voluntary Martyrdom.” Colloquium 17: 33–44
_____. 1978. “Christian Inscriptions from Phrygia.” New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity. Edited by G. H. R. Horsley and S. R. Llewelyn, 3.128-139. Grands Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
Tilley, Maureen. 1996. Donatist Martyr Stories: The Church in Conflict in North Africa. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
Trevett, Christine. 1996. Montanism: Gender, Authority and the New Prophecy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
_____. 2009. “The Date of Ignatius.” Expository Times 120: 119-130.
_____. 1968. “Legislation against the Christians.” Journal of Roman Studies 58: 32–50.
Baumeister, Theofried. 1980. Die Anfänge der Theologie des Martyriums. Münster: Aschendorff.
Bowes, Kim. 2008. Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Boyarin Daniel. 1999. Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Brakke, David. 2011. The Gnostics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012.
Bremmer, Jan N. 2002. “Perpetua and Her Diary: Authenticity, Family and Visions.” In Märtyrer und Märtyrerakten. Altertumwissenschaftliches Kolloquium, 6. Edited by Walter Ameling, 77-120. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Brent, Allen. 2010. Cyprian And Roman Carthage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, Peter. 1988. The Body and Society in Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press.
Brox, Norbert. 1961. Zeuge und Märtyrer; Untersuchungen zur frühchristlichen Zeugnis-Terminologie. Studien zum Alten und Neuen Testament, 5. München: Kösel-Verlag.
Buschmann, Gerd. 1998. Das Martyrium des Polycarp. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Bynum, Caroline Walker. 1995. The Resurrection of the Body in Western Christianity, 200-1336. New York: Columbia University Press.
Burrus, Virginia. 2008. Saving Shame: Martyrs, Saints, and Other Abject Objects. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
von Campenhausen, Hans. 1936. Die Idee des Martyriums in der alten Kirche. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Cardman, Francine. 1993. “Acts of the Women Martyrs.” In Women in Early Christianity. Edited by D. M. Scholer, 98-104. New York: Garland.
Castelli, Elizabeth A. 2004. Martyrdom and Memory: Early Christian Culture Making. Gender, Theory, and Religion. New York: Columbia University Press.
_____. 1996. Martyrdom and Memory; Judith Lieu, Image and Reality: The Jews in the World of the Christians in the Second Century. Edinburgh: T & T Clark.
Cobb, L. Stephanie. 2008. Dying to be Men. New York: Columbia University Press.
Cooper, Kate. 2000. The Roman Martyrs and the Politics of Memory. Oxford: Blackwell.
_____. 1999. “The Martyr, the Matrona and the Bishop: The Matron Lucina and the Politics of Martyr Cult in Fifth- and Sixth-Century Rome.” Early Medieval Europe 8.3: 297-317.
Corrington, Gail Streete. 2009. Redeemed Bodies: Women Martyrs in Early Christianity. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox.
_____. 2006. “Of Martyrs and Men: Perpetua, Thecla, and the Ambiguity of Female Heroism in Early Christianity.” In The Subjective Eye: Essays in Culture, Religion, and Gender in Honor of Margaret R. Miles. Princeton Theological Monographs, 59. Edited by Richard Valantasis, 254-254. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications.
Dearn, Alan. 2006. “Voluntary Martyrdom and the Donatist Schism.” Studia Patristica XXXIX: Papers Presented at the Fourteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies Held in Oxford 2003. Edited by F. Young, M. Edwards, and P. Parvis, 27-32. Leuven/Paris: Peeters.
Delehaye, Hippolyte. 1922. The Work of the Bollandists Through Three Centuries: 1615-1915. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
_____. 1921. Les passions des martyrs et les genres littéraires. Brussels: Société des Bollandistes.
_____. 1906. Les legends hagiographiques. 2d edition. Brussels: Société des Bollandistes.
Denzey-Lewis, Nicola. 2008. The Bone Gatherers. Boston, MA: Beacon.
Digeser, Elizabeth DePalma. 2012. A Threat to Public Piety: Christians, Platonists, and the Great Persecution. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Drake, H. A. 2011. “Intolerance, Religious Violence and Political Legitimacy in Late Antiquity.” Journal American Academy of Religion 79.1: 193-235.
_____. 1996. “Lambs into Lambs: Explaining Early Christian Intolerance.” Past and Present 153: 3-36.
Droge, Arthur J. 1995. “The Crown of Immortality: Toward a Redescription of Christian Martyrdom.” In Death, Ecstasy, and Other Worldly Journeys. Edited by John J. Collins and Michael A. Fishbane, 155-170. Albany: SUNY Press.
Droge, Arthur J. and James A. Tabor. 1992. A Noble Death: Suicide and Martyrdom Among Christians and Jews in Antiquity. San Francisco: Harper Collins.
Eastman, David L. 2011. Paul the Martyr: The Cult of the Apostle in the Latin West. Writings from the Greco-Roman World Supplements Series, 4. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
Eigler, Ulrich. 1998. “Exitus illustrium virorum.” Der neue Pauly 4: 344-345.
Farina, William. 2009. Perpetua of Carthage: Portrait of a Third Century Martyr. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co, 2009.
Frend, W.H.C. 1993. “Blandina and Perpetua: Two Early Christian Heroines.” In Women in Early Christianity. Edited by D. M. Scholer, 87-97. New York: Garland.
_____. 1985. “The Donatist Church – Forty Years On.” In Windows on Origins: Essays on the Early Church in Honour of J. A. A. A. Stoop. Edited by C. Landman and D. P. Whitelaw, 70-84. Pretora: University of South Africa, 1985.
_____. 1969. “Cicumcellions and Monks.” Journal of Theological Studies 20: 542-549.
_____. 1965. Martyrdom and Persecution in the Early Church. Oxford: Blackwell.
_____. 1952a. The Donatist Church. Oxford: Clarendon.
_____. 1952b. “The Cellae of the African Cicrumcellions.” Journal of Theological Studies 3: 87-89.
Gaddis, Michael. 2005. There is No Crime for Those Who have Christ: Religious Violence in the Christian Roman Empire. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
von Gebhardt, Oscar. 1902. Acta martyrum selecta: ausgewählte Märtyreracten und andere Urkunden aus der Verfolgungszeit der christlichen Kirche. Berlin: Duncker.
Godding, Robbert. 2007. Bollandistes saints et légendes: Quatre siècles de recherché. Brussels: Société des Bollandistes.
Heffernan, Thomas J. 1988. Sacred Biography: Saints and their Biographers in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
van Henten, J. W. 1997. The Maccabees as Saviours of the Jewish People: A Study of 2 and 4 Maccabees. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
van den Hoek, Annewies. 1993. “Clement of Alexandria on Martyrdom.” In Studia Partistica XXVI. Papers Presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Patristric Studies Held in Oxford 1991. Edited E. A. Livingstone, 324-341. Leuven/Paris: Peeters.
Jensen, Anne. 1996. God’s Self-Confident Daughters: Early Christianity and the Liberation of Women. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.
King, Karen L. 2009. “Martyrdom and its Discontents in the Tchacos Codex.” In Codex Judas Papers. Nag Hammadi and Manichean Studies, 71. Edited by April D. DeConick, 23-42. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
Lamberis, Vasiliki M. 2011. Architects of Piety: The Cappadocian Fathers and the Cult of the Martyrs. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Leemans, Johan. 2006. More than a Memory: the Discourse of Martyrdom and the Construction of Christian Identity. Leuven/Paris: Peeters.
Lefkowitz, Mary R. 1976. “Motivations for St. Perpetua’s Martyrdom.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 44.3: 417-421.
Lieu, Judith. 1996. Image and Reality: The Jews in the World of the Christians in the Second Century. Edinburgh: T & T Clark.
Middleton, Paul. 2006. Radical Martyrdom and Cosmic Conflict in Early Christianity. London: T & T Clark.
Mommsen, Theodor. 1899. Römisches Strafrecht. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot.
Moss, Candida R. 2012a. Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions. Anchor Yale Reference Library. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
_____. 2012b. “The Discourse of Voluntary Martyrdom: Ancient and Modern.” Church History 81.3: 531-551.
_____. 2010. “On the Dating of Polycarp: Rethinking the Place of the Martyrdom of Polycarp in the History of Christianity.” Early Christianity 1.4: 539-74.
_____. 2010. The Other Christs: Imitating Jesus in Ancient Christian Ideologies of Martyrdom. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Painchaud, Louis. 2008. “Polemical Aspects of the Gospel of Judas.” In The Gospel of Judas in Context: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Gospel of Judas. Edited by Madeleine Scopello, 171-186. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
Pagels, Elaine. 1980. “Gnostic and Orthodox Views of Christ’s Passion: Paradigms for the Christian’s Response to Persecution?” In The Rediscovery of Gnosticism. Edited by Bentley Layton, 262-288. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
_____. 1979. The Gnostic Gospels. New York: Random House.
Pagels, Elaine and Karen L. King. 2007. Reading Judas: The Gospel of Judas and the Shaping of Christianity. New York: Viking.
Perkins, Judith. 2007. “The Rhetoric of the Maternal Body in the Passion of Perpetua.” In Mapping Gender in Ancient Religious Discourses. Biblical Interpretation Series, 84. Edited by Todd C. Penner and Caroline Vander Stichele, 313-332. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
Perler, Othmar. 1949. “Das vierte Makkabaeerbuch, Ignatius von Antiochien und der ältesten Martyrerberichte.” Rivista di archeologia Cristiana 25: 47-72.
Rhee, Helen. 2005. Early Christian Literature: Christ and Culture in the Second and Third Centuries. London/New York: Routledge.
Rives, James B. 1999. “The Decree of Decius and the Religion of Empire.” Journal of Roman Studies 89: 135-54.
_____. 1996. “Piety of a Persecutor.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 4.1: 1-25.
Rosweyde, Héribert. 1607. Fasti Sanctorum quorum in belgicis bibliothecis manuscriptae. Antwerp.
Ruinart, Thierry. 1689. Acta primorum marturum sincera et selecta. Paris: Muget.
Salisbury, Joyce. 1997. Perpetua’s Passion: The Death and Memory of a Young Roman Woman. London/New York: Routledge.
Seeley, David. 1990. The Noble Death: Graeco-Roman Martyrology and Paul’s Concept of Salvation. Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series, 28. Sheffield: JSOT Press.
Shaw, Brent D. 2004. “Who Were the Circumcellions?” In Vandals, Romans, and Berbers. Edited by A. H. Merrils, 227-258. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.
Sherwin-White, A. N. 1964. “Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted?—An Amendment.” Past & Present 27: 23–27.
Sizgorich, Thomas. 2008. Violence and Belief in Late Antiquity: Militant Devotion in Christianity and Islam. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Ste. Croix, G. E. M de. 2006. “Voluntary Martyrdom in the Early Church.” In Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy. Edited by G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, Michael Whitby, Joseph Streeter, 153-200. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
_____. 1964. “Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted?—A Rejoinder.” Past & Present 27: 28–33.
_____. 1963. “Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted?” Past and Present 26: 6–38. Reprinted in Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy. Edited by G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, Michael Whitby, Joseph Streeter, 153-200. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Strathmann, H. 1939. “Martus, etc.” In Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament. Edited by Gerhard Kittel, 4.477-520. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.
Tabbernee, William. 2007. Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments. Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, 84. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
_____. 1985. “Early Montanism and Voluntary Martyrdom.” Colloquium 17: 33–44
_____. 1978. “Christian Inscriptions from Phrygia.” New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity. Edited by G. H. R. Horsley and S. R. Llewelyn, 3.128-139. Grands Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
Tilley, Maureen. 1996. Donatist Martyr Stories: The Church in Conflict in North Africa. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
Trevett, Christine. 1996. Montanism: Gender, Authority and the New Prophecy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Published
2012-10-09
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Section
Articles
How to Cite
Moss, C. (2012). Current Trends in the Study of Early Christian Martyrdom. Bulletin for the Study of Religion, 41(3), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1558/bsor.v41i3.22
