The Nyayasutra against the Pasupata Conception of God

An Old Interpretation with New Proof

Authors

  • Sándor Pajor Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/rosa.20908

Keywords:

Nyāya, Indian logic, Nyāya theology, God in Nyāya, existence of God

Abstract

In this paper, I present some possible interpretations of the Nyaya theistic argument, mostly following the analysis of C. Bulcke, highlighting his original interpretation. Other interpretations, which follow the explanations in the Nyayabhasya and the Nyayavarttika, are also presented, as well as an anthropocentric reading introduced by D. H. H. Ingalls, and a sixth possible interpretation suggested by Ferenc Ruzsa. Of course, there are other scholarly accounts of the theistic sutras of the Nyayasutra, but they fall outside the scope of this paper. Before I progress to an analysis of these interpretations, I briefly discuss the development of early Nyaya literature so that we can have a better understanding of this system and the legitimacy of numerous interpretations of the very same sutras.

Author Biography

  • Sándor Pajor, Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem

    Sándor Pajor earned his PhD at Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, Budapest. His research focus is mainly on early Nyāya and the dialogue of the Nyāya and Buddhist philosophers. Sándor Pajor is a contractual lecturer at Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem, Budapest.

References

Agase, Kasinatha Sastri (ed.). 1904. Vacaspatimisraviracitatikasamvalitavyasabhasyasametani Patañjala-yogasutrani. Pune: Anandasrama.

Bronkhorst, Johannes. 1990. ‘Varttika.’ Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens 34: 123–46.

Bulcke, Camille, S.J. 1968. The Theism of Nyaya-Vaisesika. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (first published Calcutta 1947).

Colebrook, Henry Thomas. 1824. ‘On the Philosophy of Hindus Part I.’ Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1: 19–43.

Dalal, C.D. and R. Anantakrishna Shastry, (ed.). 1916. Kavyamimansa of Rajasekhara. Baroda: Central Library.

Franco, Eli and Karin Preisendanz. 1995. ‘Bhavadasa’s Interpretation of Mimamsasutra 1.1.4 and the Date of the Nyayabhasya.’ Berliner Indologische Studien 8: 81–86.

Gillon, Brendan S. 2003. ‘Nyaya-sutra 5.1.2: Anomalies in the Bhasya.’ Journal of Indian Philosophy 31: 47–60.

Ingalls, David H. H. 1957. ‘Human effort versus God’s Effort in the Early Nyaya (NS 4.1.19–21).’ Felicitation Volume presented to professor Sripad Krishna Belvalkar. Banaras: Motilal Banarsidass.

Jacobsen, Knut A. (ed.). 2014. Brill’s Encyclopedia of Hinduism VI. Leiden: Brill.

Jha, Ganganatha (trans.). 1999. The Nyaya-sutras of Gautama vol I. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (first published 1912).

Joss, Digambara Sastri (ed.). 1922. Srigautamamunipranitanyayasutrani. Pune: Anandasrama.

Krishna, Daya. 2004. The Nyayasutras: A New Commentary on an Old Text. Delhi: Indian Books Centre.

Moriyama, Shinya. 2014. Omniscience and Religious Authority. Zürich: Lit Verlag.

Potter, Karl H. (ed.). 1977. Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies II. Indian Metaphysics and Epistemology: The Tradition of Nyaya-Vaisesika up to Gangesa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Preisendanz, Karin. 2009. ‘Logic, Debate and Epistemology in Ancient Indian Medical Science.’ Indian Journal of History of Science 43: 261–312.

Randle, Niel H. 1976. Indian Logic in the Early Schools. Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corporation (first published 1930).

Ruzsa, Ferenc. 2010. ‘The Authorlessness of the Philosophical sutras.’ Acta Orientalia Academiae Sciantiarum Hungaricae 63(4): 427–42. https://doi.org/10.1556/aorient.63.2010.4.2

Sanderson, Alexis. 1988. ‘Saivism and the Tantric Traditions.’ In S. Sutherland, L. Houlden, P. Clarke and F. Hardy (eds), The World’s Religions. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203985458-9

Sastri, Ananthakrishna R. (ed.). 1940. Pasupatasutra with Pañcarthabhasya of Kaundinya. Trivandrum: Oriental Manuscript Library of Travancore.

Schultz, Friedrich August. 1958. Die philosophish-theologischen Lehren des Pasupata-systems nah dem Pancarthabhasya und der Ratnatika. Verlag für Orientkunde.

Shah, Nagin. 1995. A study of Jayanta Bhatta’s Nyayamañjari; A Mature Sanskrit Work on Indian Logic, Part II. Sanskrit-Sanskriti Granthamala 3. Ahmedabad: Jagruti Dilip Sheth.

Thakur, Anantalal (ed.). 1997. Nyayabhasyavarttika of Bharadvaja Uddyotakara. New Delhi: Indian Council of Philosophical Research.

Warder, Anthony Kennedy. 1988. Indian Kavya Literature, Vol. V. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

Windisch, Ernst. 1888. Über das Nyayabhasya. Leipzig.

Published

2021-11-17

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Pajor, S. . (2021). The Nyayasutra against the Pasupata Conception of God: An Old Interpretation with New Proof. Religions of South Asia, 15(1), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.1558/rosa.20908