“You Took My Spirit Captive among the Leaves”: The Creation of Blodeuwedd in Re-Imaginings of the Fourth Branch of the Mabinogi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/pome.v16i2.25381Keywords:
English Literature, Middle Ages, Myth, Paganism, Retellings, Sexuality, Welsh LiteratureAbstract
This article traces the portrayal of Blodeuwedd’s creation, the woman fashioned from flowers in the Fourth Branch of the Mabinogi, from the medieval version to twentieth and twenty-first century retellings of the story. Blodeuwedd’s creation will be situated in the wider context of the idea of the automaton and will be read as a posthuman construct, eerily relevant in today’s cybernetic society. The symbolism of the flowers from which she is created will be analyzed and the curious alignment of flowers to Sexuality, non-existent in the medieval text but exceedingly prominent in the modern versions, will be explored. This article will concentrate on mainly three works, which present diverse re-imaginings of the medieval material: Saunders Lewis’ Blodeuwedd, Alan Garner’s The Owl Service and Gwyneth Lewis’ The Meat Tree.References
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Bartrum, Peter C., ed. “Bonedd yr Arwyr.” Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 18 (1959): 229–52.
——. Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1966.
Batt, Ogmore. Blodeuwedd: A Novel Retelling of the legendary Welsh Tale. Talybont, Ceredigion: Y Lolfa Cyf., 2001.
Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
Becker, Audrey L. “Temporality, Teleology and the Mabinogi in the Twenty-First Century.” In Welsh Mythology and Folklore in Popular Culture: Essays on Adaptations in Literature, Film, Television and Digital Media, edited by Audrey L. Becker and Kristin Noone, 195–212. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2011.
Bernheimer, Richard. Wild Men in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674734234.
Breatnach, R.A. “The Lady and the King, a Theme of Irish Literature.” Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 42 (1953): 321–36.
Bromwich, Rachel. “Celtic Dynastic Themes and the Breton Lays.” Etudes Celtiques 9 (1960–61): 439–74.
Byerly, Alison. “The Uses of Landscape: The Picturesque Aesthetic and the National Park System.” In The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology, edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, 52–68. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1996.
Bynum, Caroline Walker. Metamorphosis and Identity. New York: Zone Books, 2005.
Caputi, Jane. “On Psychic Activism: Feminist Mythmaking.” In The Woman’s Companion to Mythology, edited by Carolyne Larrington, 425–40. London: Harper Collins, 1997.
Carey, John. “A British Myth of Origins?” History of Religions 31, no. 1 (1991): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/463254.
Cartwright, Jane. “Virginity and Chastity Test in Medieval Welsh Prose.” In Medieval Virginities, edited by Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans, and Sarah Salih, 56–79. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2003.
Claridge, Gordon, Ruth Pryor ,and Gwen Watkins. Sounds from the Bell Jar: Ten Psychotic Authors. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990.
Clarke, Gillian. Collected Poems. Manchester: Carcanet, 1997.
Conran, Tony. Blodeuwedd. Ogmore–By–The–Sea, Mid Glamorgan: Poetry Wales Press, 1988.
Davies, Sioned. The Four Branches of the Mabinogi: Pedeir Keinc Y Mabinogi. Llandysul: Gomer, 1993.
Davies, Sioned. The Mabinogion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
——. “‘Venerable Relics’? Re–Visiting the Mabinogi.” In Writing Down the Myths, edited by Joseph Falaky Nagy, 157–79. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
Evans, H. Meurig, and W.O. Thomas, eds. Y Geiriadur Mawr: the Complete Welsh–English, English–Welsh Dictionary. Abertawe: C. Davies; Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 1981.
Evans, Simon. A Grammar of Middle Welsh. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 2006.
Feaver, Vicki. The Book of Blood. London: Random House, 2006.
Garner, Alan. Collected Folktales. London: HarperCollins, 2011.
——. The Owl Service. London: Harper Collins, 2007.
Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: the Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven: Yale Nota Bene, 2000.
Goodman, Gemma, and Charlotte Mathieson, eds. Gender and Space in Rural Britain, 1840–1920. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2014.
Grant, Angela. Magical Transformation in Pedeir Keinc Y Mabinogi and Hanes Taliesin. MPhil thesis, University of Oxford, 2010.
Graves, Robert. The White Goddess: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth. London: Faber and Faber, 1999 [1948].
Griffiths, Bruce. “His Theatre.” In Presenting Saunders Lewis, edited by Alun R. Jones and Gwyn Thomas, 79–92. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1973.
Gruffydd, William J. Math vab Mathonwy. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1928.
——. Rhiannon: An Inquiry into the Origin of the First and Third Branches of the Mabinogi. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1953.
Guest, Charlotte, trans. The Mabinogion. London: Dent, 1906.
Haraway, Donna. “A Manifesto for Cyborgs.” Socialist Review 80 (1985): 65–107.
Hardwick, Paul. “‘Not in the Middle Ages’? Alan Garner’s The Owl Service and the Literature of Adolescence.” Children’s Literature in Education 31, no. 1 (2000): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005182802582.
Harvey, Graham. “Fantasy in the Study of Religions: Paganism as Observed and Enhanced by Terry Pratchett.” Diskus 6 (2000): http://www.basr.ac.uk/diskus/diskus1-6/index.html#6.
Higley, Sarah L. “Alien Intellect and the Roboticization of the Scientist.” Camera Obscura 40-41 (1997): 131–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-14-1-2_40-41-129
Hughes, Ian. “Blodeuwedd.” In The Celts: History, Life and Culture, vol. 1, edited by John T. Koch and Antone Minard. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC–Clio, 2012.
Humphreys, Emyr. Outside Time. London: Channel Four Television, 1991.
Hyman, Wendy Beth. “Introduction.” In The Automaton in English Renaissance Literature, edited by Wendy Beth Hyman, 1–17. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.
Immel, Andrea. “Children’s Books and Constructions of Childhood.” In The Cambridge Companion to Children’s Literature, edited by M.O. Grenby and Andrea Immel, 19–34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ccol9780521868198.002.
Jones, Gwyn, and Thomas Jones. The Mabinogion. Rutland, Vt.: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1940.
King, Gareth, ed. Pocket Modern Oxford Welsh Dictionary: Welsh–English. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Larrington, Carolynem, and Diane Purkiss, eds. Magical Tales: Myth, Legend and Enchantment in Children’s Books. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2013.
Lehmann, Edyta. “A Walk on the Wild Side: Women, Men, and Madness.” Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 29 (2009): 127–37.
Lewis, Anna. Other Harbours. Llandybie: Dinefwr Press, 2012.
Lewis, Gwyneth. The Meat Tree. Bridgend: Seren, 2010.
Lewis, Saunders. “The Woman Made of Flowers.” In The Plays of Saunders Lewis, trans. Joseph P. Clancy. Llandybie, Gwasg Dinefwr, 2002.
Lewis, Saunders. Blodeuwedd: Drama Mewn Pedair Act. Dinbych: Gwasg Gee, 2009.
Llewellyn–Williams, Hilary. The Tree Calendar. Bridgend, Mid Glamorgan: Poetry Wales Press, 1987.
Mac Cana, Proinsias. “Aspects of the Theme of King and Goddess in Irish Literature.” Etudes Celtiques 7 (1955–56): 76–114.
Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964.
McCone, Kim. “Fírinne agus torthulacht.” Léachtai Cholm Cillé 11 (1980): 136–73.
McCracken, Peggy. Romance of Adultery: Queenship and Sexual Transgression in Old French Literature. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812202748.
Merchant, Carolyn. The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology and the Scientific Revolution. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1983.
Meyer, Kuno. “Finn and the Man in the Tree.” Revue Celtique 25 (1904): 344–49.
Muller, Sylvie. “De Blathnat à Blodeuwedd ou de la femme-fleur à la femme adultère.” Ollodagos 7, no. 2 (1994–95): 195–221.
Oxford, University of Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS AGA 1, fol. 11/4.
Pepperell, Robert. The Posthuman Condition: Consciousness Beyond the Brain. Bristol: Intellect Books, 2003.
Plumwood, Val. “The Concept of a Cultural Landscape: Nature, Culture and Agency in the Land.” Ethics and the Environment 11, no. 2 (2006): 115–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ETE.2006.11.2.115.
Purkiss, Diane. “Women’s Rewriting of Myth in Contemporary Poetry.” In The Woman’s Companion to Mythology, edited by Carolyne Larrington, 441–57. London: Harper Collins, 1997.
Said, Edward. Orientalism. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1985 [1978]..
Saunders, Corinne. The Forest of Medieval Romance: Avernus, Broceliande, Arden. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1993.
Sessle, Erica J. “Exploring the Limitations of the Sovereignty Goddess through the Role of Rhiannon.” Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 14 (1994): 9–13.
Smith, Clay Kinchen. “We’re Not in Cymru Anymore: What’s Really Happening in the Online Mabinogi.” In Welsh Mythology and Folklore in Popular Culture: Essays on Adaptations in Literature, Film, Television and Digital Media, edited by Audrey L. Becker and Kristin Noone, 182–94. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2011.
Soper, Kate. What is Nature? London: Blackwell, 1995.
Sterckx, Claude. “Les Malheurs Conjugaux de Lleu et de Lugh.” Ollodagos XII (1999): 227–48.
Toffoletti, Kim. Cyborgs and Barbie Dolls: Feminism, Popular Culture and the Posthuman Body. London: Tauris, 2007.
Trevelyan, Marie. Folk-lore and Folk-stories of Wales. London: 1909.
Valente, Roberta L. “Gwydion and Aranrhod: Crossing the Borders of Gender in Math.” Bulletin of the Board if Celtic Studies 35 (1988): 1–9.
Vickery, Roy. A Dictionary of Plant-Lore. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
White, Donna R. A Century of Welsh Myth in Children’s Literature. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1998.
White, Lynn, Jr. “The Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis.” In The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology, edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, 3–14. Athens, Ga.: The University of Georgia Press, 1996.
Williams, Ifor, ed. Pedeir Keinc Y Mabinogi. Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1930.
Williams, Ioan. A Straightened Stage: A Study of the Theatre of J. Saunders Lewis. Bridgend: Seren Books, 1991.
Winward, Fiona. “Some Aspects of the Women in The Four Branches.” Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 34 (Winter 1997): 77–106.
Wood, Juliette. “The Calumniated Wife in Medieval Welsh Literature.” Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 10 (1985): 25–38.
Zeiser, Sarah E. “Performing a Literary Parternity Text: ‘Bonedd yr Arwyr’ and the Fourth Branch of the ‘Mabinogi’.” Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 28 (2008): 200–15.
——. “Hélène Cixous: The Language of Flowers.” In The Green Studies Reader: From Romanticism to Ecocriticism, edited by Laurence Coupe, 148–53. London: Routledge, 2000.
Bartrum, Peter C., ed. “Bonedd yr Arwyr.” Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 18 (1959): 229–52.
——. Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1966.
Batt, Ogmore. Blodeuwedd: A Novel Retelling of the legendary Welsh Tale. Talybont, Ceredigion: Y Lolfa Cyf., 2001.
Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
Becker, Audrey L. “Temporality, Teleology and the Mabinogi in the Twenty-First Century.” In Welsh Mythology and Folklore in Popular Culture: Essays on Adaptations in Literature, Film, Television and Digital Media, edited by Audrey L. Becker and Kristin Noone, 195–212. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2011.
Bernheimer, Richard. Wild Men in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674734234.
Breatnach, R.A. “The Lady and the King, a Theme of Irish Literature.” Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 42 (1953): 321–36.
Bromwich, Rachel. “Celtic Dynastic Themes and the Breton Lays.” Etudes Celtiques 9 (1960–61): 439–74.
Byerly, Alison. “The Uses of Landscape: The Picturesque Aesthetic and the National Park System.” In The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology, edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, 52–68. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1996.
Bynum, Caroline Walker. Metamorphosis and Identity. New York: Zone Books, 2005.
Caputi, Jane. “On Psychic Activism: Feminist Mythmaking.” In The Woman’s Companion to Mythology, edited by Carolyne Larrington, 425–40. London: Harper Collins, 1997.
Carey, John. “A British Myth of Origins?” History of Religions 31, no. 1 (1991): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/463254.
Cartwright, Jane. “Virginity and Chastity Test in Medieval Welsh Prose.” In Medieval Virginities, edited by Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans, and Sarah Salih, 56–79. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2003.
Claridge, Gordon, Ruth Pryor ,and Gwen Watkins. Sounds from the Bell Jar: Ten Psychotic Authors. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990.
Clarke, Gillian. Collected Poems. Manchester: Carcanet, 1997.
Conran, Tony. Blodeuwedd. Ogmore–By–The–Sea, Mid Glamorgan: Poetry Wales Press, 1988.
Davies, Sioned. The Four Branches of the Mabinogi: Pedeir Keinc Y Mabinogi. Llandysul: Gomer, 1993.
Davies, Sioned. The Mabinogion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
——. “‘Venerable Relics’? Re–Visiting the Mabinogi.” In Writing Down the Myths, edited by Joseph Falaky Nagy, 157–79. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
Evans, H. Meurig, and W.O. Thomas, eds. Y Geiriadur Mawr: the Complete Welsh–English, English–Welsh Dictionary. Abertawe: C. Davies; Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 1981.
Evans, Simon. A Grammar of Middle Welsh. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 2006.
Feaver, Vicki. The Book of Blood. London: Random House, 2006.
Garner, Alan. Collected Folktales. London: HarperCollins, 2011.
——. The Owl Service. London: Harper Collins, 2007.
Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: the Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven: Yale Nota Bene, 2000.
Goodman, Gemma, and Charlotte Mathieson, eds. Gender and Space in Rural Britain, 1840–1920. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2014.
Grant, Angela. Magical Transformation in Pedeir Keinc Y Mabinogi and Hanes Taliesin. MPhil thesis, University of Oxford, 2010.
Graves, Robert. The White Goddess: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth. London: Faber and Faber, 1999 [1948].
Griffiths, Bruce. “His Theatre.” In Presenting Saunders Lewis, edited by Alun R. Jones and Gwyn Thomas, 79–92. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1973.
Gruffydd, William J. Math vab Mathonwy. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1928.
——. Rhiannon: An Inquiry into the Origin of the First and Third Branches of the Mabinogi. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1953.
Guest, Charlotte, trans. The Mabinogion. London: Dent, 1906.
Haraway, Donna. “A Manifesto for Cyborgs.” Socialist Review 80 (1985): 65–107.
Hardwick, Paul. “‘Not in the Middle Ages’? Alan Garner’s The Owl Service and the Literature of Adolescence.” Children’s Literature in Education 31, no. 1 (2000): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005182802582.
Harvey, Graham. “Fantasy in the Study of Religions: Paganism as Observed and Enhanced by Terry Pratchett.” Diskus 6 (2000): http://www.basr.ac.uk/diskus/diskus1-6/index.html#6.
Higley, Sarah L. “Alien Intellect and the Roboticization of the Scientist.” Camera Obscura 40-41 (1997): 131–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-14-1-2_40-41-129
Hughes, Ian. “Blodeuwedd.” In The Celts: History, Life and Culture, vol. 1, edited by John T. Koch and Antone Minard. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC–Clio, 2012.
Humphreys, Emyr. Outside Time. London: Channel Four Television, 1991.
Hyman, Wendy Beth. “Introduction.” In The Automaton in English Renaissance Literature, edited by Wendy Beth Hyman, 1–17. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.
Immel, Andrea. “Children’s Books and Constructions of Childhood.” In The Cambridge Companion to Children’s Literature, edited by M.O. Grenby and Andrea Immel, 19–34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ccol9780521868198.002.
Jones, Gwyn, and Thomas Jones. The Mabinogion. Rutland, Vt.: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1940.
King, Gareth, ed. Pocket Modern Oxford Welsh Dictionary: Welsh–English. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Larrington, Carolynem, and Diane Purkiss, eds. Magical Tales: Myth, Legend and Enchantment in Children’s Books. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2013.
Lehmann, Edyta. “A Walk on the Wild Side: Women, Men, and Madness.” Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 29 (2009): 127–37.
Lewis, Anna. Other Harbours. Llandybie: Dinefwr Press, 2012.
Lewis, Gwyneth. The Meat Tree. Bridgend: Seren, 2010.
Lewis, Saunders. “The Woman Made of Flowers.” In The Plays of Saunders Lewis, trans. Joseph P. Clancy. Llandybie, Gwasg Dinefwr, 2002.
Lewis, Saunders. Blodeuwedd: Drama Mewn Pedair Act. Dinbych: Gwasg Gee, 2009.
Llewellyn–Williams, Hilary. The Tree Calendar. Bridgend, Mid Glamorgan: Poetry Wales Press, 1987.
Mac Cana, Proinsias. “Aspects of the Theme of King and Goddess in Irish Literature.” Etudes Celtiques 7 (1955–56): 76–114.
Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964.
McCone, Kim. “Fírinne agus torthulacht.” Léachtai Cholm Cillé 11 (1980): 136–73.
McCracken, Peggy. Romance of Adultery: Queenship and Sexual Transgression in Old French Literature. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812202748.
Merchant, Carolyn. The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology and the Scientific Revolution. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1983.
Meyer, Kuno. “Finn and the Man in the Tree.” Revue Celtique 25 (1904): 344–49.
Muller, Sylvie. “De Blathnat à Blodeuwedd ou de la femme-fleur à la femme adultère.” Ollodagos 7, no. 2 (1994–95): 195–221.
Oxford, University of Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS AGA 1, fol. 11/4.
Pepperell, Robert. The Posthuman Condition: Consciousness Beyond the Brain. Bristol: Intellect Books, 2003.
Plumwood, Val. “The Concept of a Cultural Landscape: Nature, Culture and Agency in the Land.” Ethics and the Environment 11, no. 2 (2006): 115–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ETE.2006.11.2.115.
Purkiss, Diane. “Women’s Rewriting of Myth in Contemporary Poetry.” In The Woman’s Companion to Mythology, edited by Carolyne Larrington, 441–57. London: Harper Collins, 1997.
Said, Edward. Orientalism. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1985 [1978]..
Saunders, Corinne. The Forest of Medieval Romance: Avernus, Broceliande, Arden. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1993.
Sessle, Erica J. “Exploring the Limitations of the Sovereignty Goddess through the Role of Rhiannon.” Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 14 (1994): 9–13.
Smith, Clay Kinchen. “We’re Not in Cymru Anymore: What’s Really Happening in the Online Mabinogi.” In Welsh Mythology and Folklore in Popular Culture: Essays on Adaptations in Literature, Film, Television and Digital Media, edited by Audrey L. Becker and Kristin Noone, 182–94. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2011.
Soper, Kate. What is Nature? London: Blackwell, 1995.
Sterckx, Claude. “Les Malheurs Conjugaux de Lleu et de Lugh.” Ollodagos XII (1999): 227–48.
Toffoletti, Kim. Cyborgs and Barbie Dolls: Feminism, Popular Culture and the Posthuman Body. London: Tauris, 2007.
Trevelyan, Marie. Folk-lore and Folk-stories of Wales. London: 1909.
Valente, Roberta L. “Gwydion and Aranrhod: Crossing the Borders of Gender in Math.” Bulletin of the Board if Celtic Studies 35 (1988): 1–9.
Vickery, Roy. A Dictionary of Plant-Lore. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
White, Donna R. A Century of Welsh Myth in Children’s Literature. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1998.
White, Lynn, Jr. “The Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis.” In The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology, edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, 3–14. Athens, Ga.: The University of Georgia Press, 1996.
Williams, Ifor, ed. Pedeir Keinc Y Mabinogi. Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1930.
Williams, Ioan. A Straightened Stage: A Study of the Theatre of J. Saunders Lewis. Bridgend: Seren Books, 1991.
Winward, Fiona. “Some Aspects of the Women in The Four Branches.” Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 34 (Winter 1997): 77–106.
Wood, Juliette. “The Calumniated Wife in Medieval Welsh Literature.” Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 10 (1985): 25–38.
Zeiser, Sarah E. “Performing a Literary Parternity Text: ‘Bonedd yr Arwyr’ and the Fourth Branch of the ‘Mabinogi’.” Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 28 (2008): 200–15.
Published
2015-08-25
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Bartels-Bland, C. (2015). “You Took My Spirit Captive among the Leaves”: The Creation of Blodeuwedd in Re-Imaginings of the Fourth Branch of the Mabinogi. Pomegranate, 16(2), 178-206. https://doi.org/10.1558/pome.v16i2.25381
