Pentecostal Lyrical Theology in Dialogue with Lutherans on Water Baptism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/pent.20211Keywords:
Hillsong, Lutheran–Pentecostal dialogue, Pentecostal liturgical theology, synergism, testimonyAbstract
Lutheran–Pentecostal dialogue has devoted significant attention to water baptism. Much of this reflection, however, has been encumbered by a lack of developed scholarly attention given to baptism among Pentecostals. Pentecostal language of ordinance and symbolism has even led Lutherans to critique Pentecostal baptismal theology as anthropocentric and anaemic. To correct this misunderstanding, I study a Pentecostal baptismal hymn – Brooke and Scott Ligertwood’s “Beneath the Waters (I Will Rise)” – as an alternative entry point into Pentecostal baptismal theology. The analysis demonstrates that the testimonial dimension of baptism presumes a recognition of divine work in the rite. The baptizand encounters Christ and is brought into a deeper participation in his death and resurrection. This understanding of Pentecostal baptismal theology advances dialogue with Lutherans by clarifying Pentecostal rhetoric and revealing more insightful questions into the tensions between the two traditions.
References
American Lutheran Church, USA. “Guidelines”. In Kilian McDonnell (ed.), Presence, Power, Praise: Documents on the Charismatic Renewal, vol. 1 (pp. 369–74). Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1980.
Archer, Kenneth J. “Nourishment for Our Journey: The Pentecostal Via Salutis and Sacramental Ordinances”. Journal of Pentecostal Theology 13.1 (2004), p. 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/096673690401300105
Bloomquist, Karen L. (ed.). “Responding as Lutheran Churches to Pentecostal Influences Today”. In Karen L. Bloomquist (ed.), Lutherans Respond to Pentecostalism (pp. 149–55). Theology in the Life of the Church 4. Minneapolis, MN: Lutheran University Press, 2008.
Cartledge, Mark J., and A. J. Swoboda, eds. Scripting Pentecost: A Study of Pentecostals, Worship, and Liturgy. London: Routledge, 2017.
Chan, Michael J., and Joshua C. Miller. “Apocalyptic Eschatology: Lutheran-Pentecostal Reflections on the End”. Dialog: A Journal of Theology 55.4 (2016), pp. 343–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/dial.12280
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. “The Official Discussions between the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and the Pentecostal Movement of Finland 1987–1989”. In Dialogues with The Evangelical Free Church of Finland and The Finnish Pentecostal Movement (pp. 33–56). Documents of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 2. Helsinki: Church Council for Foreign Affairs, 1990.
Grenholm, Cristina, Johannes Habib Zeiler, and Ulrik Josefsson. “Lutherans and Pentecostals in Dialogue: From Local to Global”. Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies 43.2 (2021), pp. 250–72. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700747-bja10037
Guvna B and Hillsong Youth UK. “Guvna B, Hillsong Youth UK – Fear Is A Lie”. Music video, 3:40. Retrieved 14 January 2020 from www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTZqxSqznwc.
Hegertun, Terje. “Bridge over Troubled Water? Rebaptism in a Nordic Context – Reflections and Proposals”. Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies 35.2 (2013), pp. 235–52. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700747-12341315
Hegstad, Harald. “United with Christ in the Spirit: The Pneumatological Dimension of the Doctrine of Justification”. Dialog: A Journal of Theology 60.1 (2021), pp. 79–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/dial.12628
Hillsong Live. “Hillsong – Beneath the Waters (I will Rise) – with subtitles/lyrics”. Music video, 6:29. Retrieved 14 January 2020 from www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTwA3NLEjY4.
Hillsong UNITED. “Another In The Fire (Live) – Hillsong UNITED”. Music video, 8:22. Retrieved 14 January 2020 from www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmNc0L7Ac5c.
Hillsong UNITED. “Not Today Official Lyric Video – Hillsong UNITED”. Music video, 4:16. Retrieved 14 January 2020 from www.youtube.com/watch?v=tm0_JkT0wSs.
Hillsong UNITED. “Prince of Peace LIVE – of Dirt and Grace – Hillsong UNITED”. Music video, 8:04. Retrieved 14 January 2020 from www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIqUTMHl9Cs.
Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil. “Baptism: A Dialogue with the Charismatic Movement in the Evangelical Church of the Lutheran Confession in Brazil”. 2006. Retrieved from www.strasbourginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/IECLB-Bautismo.pdf.
Ingalls, Monique M., and Amos Yong, eds. The Spirit of Praise: Music and Worship in Global Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015.
Institute for Ecumenical Research in Strasbourg, France, David du Plessis Center for Christian Spirituality in Pasadena, California, and The European Pentecostal Charismatic Research Association in Zürich, Switzerland. Lutherans and Pentecostals in Dialogue. Strasbourg, France: Institute for Ecumenical Research, 2010.
Katabaro, Brighton Mufuruki. Rechtfertigung und Erfolg: Pfingstcharismatische Lehre und Praktiken als Herausforderungen für die Lutherische Rechtfertigungslehre in Tansania. Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag, 2009.
Ligertwood, Scott. “Song Story: Beneath the Waters (I Will Rise)”. Hillsong Collected. Last modified 30 July 2012. Retrieved from https://hillsong.com/collected/blog/2012/07/song-story-beneath-the-waters-i-will-rise/#.YgH_X-rMJPY.
Lugazia, Faith. “Towards an African Inculturation Biblical Pneumatology: A Response to the Rise of Neo-Pentecostalism in Tanzanian Christianity”. PhD dissertation, Luther Seminary, 2010.
Luther, Martin. Large Catechism. 1529. [Quotation taken from The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, 357–461. Translated by Theodore G. Tappert. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress, 1959.]
Macchia, Frank D. Baptized in the Spirit: A Global Pentecostal Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006.
Melanchthon, Philipp. Apology of the Augsburg Confession. 1531.
Pero, Cheryl S. “Some Biblical Understandings of Deliverance as Possession”. In Karen L. Bloomquist (ed.), Lutherans Respond to Pentecostalism (pp. 55–62). Theology in the Life of the Church 4. Minneapolis, MN: Lutheran University Press, 2008.
Peterson, Cheryl M. “Theology of the Cross and the Experience of God’s Presence: A Lutheran Response to Pentecostal Wonderings”. Dialog: A Journal of Theology 55.4 (2016), pp. 316–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/dial.12277
Thornton, Daniel. “Exploring the Contemporary Congregational Song Genre: Texts, Practice, and Industry”. PhD dissertation, Macquarie University, 2015.
Tomberlin, Daniel. “Believers’ Baptism in the Pentecostal Tradition”. The Ecumenical Review 67.3 (2015), pp. 423–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/erev.12175
Vondey, Wolfgang. “Soteriology at the Altar: Pentecostal Contributions to Salvation as Praxis”. Transformation 34.3 (2017), pp. 223–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265378816675831
Williams, Andrew Ray. Washed in the Spirit: Toward a Pentecostal Theology of Water Baptism. Cleveland, TN: CPT Press, 2021.
Wilson, Sarah Hinlicky. “A Guide to Pentecostal Movements for Lutherans”. 2016. Retrieved from www.strasbourginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Guide-to-Pentecostal-Movements-for-Lutherans.pdf.