Where the Wind Blows
Pentecostal Christians in Hong Kong and Singapore
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/ptcs.v11i2.128Keywords:
Pentecostalism, church growth, spiritual gifts, Southeast AsiaAbstract
Pentecostal churches have grown during the last century. They have achieved this growth under almost all cultural conditions. The world population has also grown and rebalanced itself away from the West. Asian cities may be thought to represent the future of Christianity. Hong Kong and Singapore are credible representatives of these cities. Academic engagement with Pentecostalism has led to several hypotheses to explain the growth of Pentecostalism and five of these are tested empirically here. Using freshly collected data, this paper presents the results of these findings and concludes, among other things, that charismatic empowerment is one of the keys to growth.
References
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— 2000. Pentecostals in Britain. Carlisle: Paternoster.
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Kelley, D. M. 1972. Why Conservative Churches are Growing. New York: Harper & Row.
Kerlinger, F. N. 1973. Foundations of Behavioral Research. New York: Hold, Rinehart and Winston.
Lombard, E. 1910. De la glossolalie ches les premier chretiens ed des phenomenes similaires. Lausane: Bridel.
Martin, B. 2001. “A Pentecostal Gender Paradox: A Cautionary Tale for the Sociology of Religion”. In R. K. Fenn (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Sociology of Religion. Oxford: Blackwell: 52–66.
Miller, D. E. and T. Yamamori. 2007. Global Pentecostalism: The New Face of Christian Social Engagement. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
Mosiman, E. 1911. Das Zungenreden Geschichtlich und Psychologisch Untersucht. Tübingen: Mohr.
Moore, S. D. 2003. The Shepherding Movement: Controversy and Charismatic Ecclesiology. London: T&T Clark International.
Neighbour Jr, R. W. 1990. Where Do We Go from Here? A Guidebook for the Cell Group Church. Houston, TX: Touch Publications.
Poloma, M. 1989. The Assemblies of God at the Crossroads: Charisma and Institutional Dilemmas. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
Robbins, J. 2004. “The Globalization of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity”. Annual Review of Anthropology 33: 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093421.
Tangen, K. I. 2009. “Ecclesial Identification beyond Transactional Individualism? A Case Study of Life Strategies in Growing Late Modern Churches”. PhD dissertation, Norwegian School of Theology, Oslo, Norway.
Wagner, C. P. 1991. Territorial Spirits: Insights on Strategic-Level Spiritual Warfare from Nineteen Christian Leaders. Chichester: Sovereign World.
Wagner, C. P. and F. D. Pennoyer. 1996. Wrestling with Dark Angels: Towards a Deeper Understanding of the Supernatural Forces in Spiritual Warfare. Ventura, CA: Regal Books.
Wimber, J. and K. Springer. 1992. Power Evangelism. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
Anderson, R. M. 1979. Vision of the Disinherited. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bosco, E. E. 2009. “Pentecostalism in Colombia as Fundamentalism and Feminism”. In D. Westerlund (ed.), Global Pentecostalism: Encounters with Other Religious Traditions. London: I. B. Tauris: 227–42.
Brunner, F. D. 1971. A Theology of the Holy Spirit. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
Coleman, S. 2000. The Globalisation of Charismatic Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511488221.
Cutten, G. B. 1927. Speaking with Tongues: Historically and Psychologically Considered. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
DeBernardi, J. 2008. “Global Christian Culture in the Antioch of Asia”. In L. A. Eng (ed.), Religious Diversity in Singapore. Singapore: National University of Singapore and Institute of Policy Studies: 116–41.
Freston, P. 1998. “Pentecostalism in Latin America: Characteristics and Controversies”. Social Compass 45.3: 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003776898045003002.
Freston, P. 2004. “Contours of Latin American Pentecostalism”. In Donald M. Lewis (ed.), Christianity Reborn: The Global Expansion of Evangelicalism in the Twentieth Century. Grand Rapids, MI, and Cambridge: William B. Eerdmans: 221–70.
Green, M. (ed.). 2002. Church without Walls: A Global Examination of Cell Church. Carlisle: Paternoster.
Hollenweger, W. J. 1997. Pentecostalism: Origins and Development Worldwide. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson.
Innaccone, L. R., D. V. A Olson and R. Stark. 1995. “Religious Resources and Church Growth”. Social Forces 74.2 (December): 705–31.
Jacobsen, D. 2011. The World’s Christians: Who They Are, Where They Are, and How They Got There. Oxford: Wiley/Blackwell.
Johnson T. M. and K. R. Ross. 2009. Atlas of Global Christianity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Kay, W. K. 1999. “Pentecostalism: Charismata and Church Growth”. In L. J. Francis (ed.), Sociology, Theology and Curriculum. London: Cassell: 135–44.
— 2000. Pentecostals in Britain. Carlisle: Paternoster.
— 2007. Apostolic Networks in Britain. Carlisle: Paternoster.
— and L. J. Francis. 1995. “Personality, Mental Health and Glossolalia”. Pneuma 17: 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007495X00246
Kelley, D. M. 1972. Why Conservative Churches are Growing. New York: Harper & Row.
Kerlinger, F. N. 1973. Foundations of Behavioral Research. New York: Hold, Rinehart and Winston.
Lombard, E. 1910. De la glossolalie ches les premier chretiens ed des phenomenes similaires. Lausane: Bridel.
Martin, B. 2001. “A Pentecostal Gender Paradox: A Cautionary Tale for the Sociology of Religion”. In R. K. Fenn (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Sociology of Religion. Oxford: Blackwell: 52–66.
Miller, D. E. and T. Yamamori. 2007. Global Pentecostalism: The New Face of Christian Social Engagement. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
Mosiman, E. 1911. Das Zungenreden Geschichtlich und Psychologisch Untersucht. Tübingen: Mohr.
Moore, S. D. 2003. The Shepherding Movement: Controversy and Charismatic Ecclesiology. London: T&T Clark International.
Neighbour Jr, R. W. 1990. Where Do We Go from Here? A Guidebook for the Cell Group Church. Houston, TX: Touch Publications.
Poloma, M. 1989. The Assemblies of God at the Crossroads: Charisma and Institutional Dilemmas. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
Robbins, J. 2004. “The Globalization of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity”. Annual Review of Anthropology 33: 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093421.
Tangen, K. I. 2009. “Ecclesial Identification beyond Transactional Individualism? A Case Study of Life Strategies in Growing Late Modern Churches”. PhD dissertation, Norwegian School of Theology, Oslo, Norway.
Wagner, C. P. 1991. Territorial Spirits: Insights on Strategic-Level Spiritual Warfare from Nineteen Christian Leaders. Chichester: Sovereign World.
Wagner, C. P. and F. D. Pennoyer. 1996. Wrestling with Dark Angels: Towards a Deeper Understanding of the Supernatural Forces in Spiritual Warfare. Ventura, CA: Regal Books.
Wimber, J. and K. Springer. 1992. Power Evangelism. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
Published
2012-12-30
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Kay, W. (2012). Where the Wind Blows: Pentecostal Christians in Hong Kong and Singapore. PentecoStudies, 11(2), 128-148. https://doi.org/10.1558/ptcs.v11i2.128
