“When the Fire Fell”
Historical and Narrative Perspectives on the Charismatic Leadership of T. B. Barratt
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/ptcs.v15i1.27512Keywords:
Thomas Ball Barratt, Weber, narrative, leadership, charismatic, Pentecostal movementAbstract
The study examines the leadership of Thomas Ball Barratt, described as the apostle of the Pentecostal movement in Europe, through the lenses of narrative and charismatic leadership theories. Two theses provide the backbone of the study: (1) Barratt’s experience and narration of the baptism in the Holy Spirit was foundational and formative for his and his followers’ perception of him as a leader; and (2) that Barratt’s leadership can be best described as charismatic. Methodologically, historical sources and contemporary leadership theories are consulted in order to point out elements that constituted the leadership of Barratt.
References
Åkerlund, Truls. “Pentekostale Former for Ledelse i fortid og framtid.” In Pentekostale perspektiver, edited by Karl Inge Tangen and Knut-Willy Sæther, 23:187–202. Kyrkjefag Profil. Bergen, Norway: Fagbokforlaget, 2015.
Alvesson, Mats, and André Spicer. Metaphors We Lead by: Understanding Leadership in the Real World. London: Routledge, 2011.
Anderson, Robert Mapes. Vision of the Disinherited: The Making of American Pentecostalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
Andersson, Greger. “To Live the Biblical Narratives: Pentecostal Autobiographies and the Baptism in the Spirit.” PentecoStudies 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 112–27.
Barnes, Douglas F. “Charisma and Religious Leadership: An Historical Analysis.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 17, no. 1 (March 1978): 1. doi:10.2307/1385423.
Barratt, Thomas Ball. When the Fire Fell and an Outline of My Life. Oslo, Norway, 1927.
Beyer, Janice M. “Taming and Promoting Charisma to Change Organizations.” The Leadership Quarterly 10, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 307–30. doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00019-3.
Bloch-Hoell, Nils E. The Pentecostal Movement: Its Origin, Development and Distinctive Character. Oslo, Norway: Universitetsforlaget, 1964.
Bruner, Jerome. “The Narrative Construction of Reality.” Critical Iquiry 18, no. 1 (1991): 1–21.
Bundy, David. Visions of Apostolic Mission: Scandinavian Pentecostal Mission to 1935. Vol. 45. Studia Historico-Ecclesiastica Upsaliensia. Uppsala: Uppsala universitet, 2009.
Conger, Jay A. “Inspiring Others: The Language of Leadership.” The Executive 5, no. 1 (1991): 31–45. doi:10.5465/AME.1991.4274713.
Czarniawska, Barbara. Narratives in Social Science Research. London, UK: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2004.
DePree, Max. Leadership Is an Art. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
Eisenstadt, S.N. “Charisma and Institution Building: Max Weber and Modern Sociology.” In On Charisma and Institution Building: Selected Papers, edited by S.N. Eisenstadt, ix – lvi. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Ekorness, Karsten. “Samtaler” med T.B. Barratt. Oslo: Filadelfiaforlaget, 1991.
Freeman, Mark. “Autobiographical Understanding and Narrative Inquiry.” In Handbook of Narrative Inquiry: Mapping a Methodology, edited by D. Jean Clandinin, 120–45. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2007.
Gardner, Howard. Leading Minds: An Anatomy of Leadership. New York: Basic Books, 2012.
Heuser, Roger, and Byron D. Klaus. “Charismatic Leadership Theory?: A Shadow Side Confessed.” Pneuma 20, no. 2 (1998): 161–74.
Hollenweger, Walter J. Pentecostalism: Origins and Developments Worldwide. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1997.
———. The Pentecostals. London: SCM Press, 1972.
Joosse, Paul. “Max Weber and the Social Construction of Charismatic Power.” In Conference Papers -- American Sociological Association, 22, 2009. http://0-search.ebscohost.com.library.regent.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=54430077&site=ehost-live.
Klein, Katherine J., and Robert J. House. “On Fire: Charismatic Leadership and Levels of Analysis.” The Leadership Quarterly 6, no. 2 (1995): 183–98. doi:10.1016/1048-9843(95)90034-9.
Løvlie, Birger. “Før ilden falt.” In Pentekostale perspektiver, edited by Karl Inge Tangen and Knut-Willy Sæther, 23:61–72. Kyrkjefag Profil. Bergen, Norway: Fagbokforlaget, 2015.
Martin, David. Pentecostalism: The World Their Parish. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2002.
McGee, Gary B. “The Regions Beyond: The Global Expansion of Pentecostalism.” In The Century of the Holy Spirit: 100 Years of Pentecostal and Charismatic Renewal, 1901-2001, edited by Vinson Synan, 69–95. Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2001.
Meindl, James R., and Sanford B. Ehrlich. “The Romance of Leadership and the Evaluation of Organizational Performance.” Academy of Management Journal 30, no. 1 (March 1987): 91–109. doi:10.2307/255897.
Nichol, John Thomas. Pentecostalism. Rev. ed. Plainfield, N.J: Logos International, 1971.
Parry, K. W., and H. Hansen. “The Organizational Story as Leadership.” Leadership 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 281–300. doi:10.1177/1742715007079309.
Plüss, Jean-Daniel. “Pentecostalism in Europe and the Former Soviet Union.” In The Cambridge Companion to Pentecostalism, edited by Cecil M. Robeck and Amos Yong, 93–111. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Poloma, Margaret M. “Charisma and Institution: The Assemblies of God.” The Christian Century, 1990.
Ski, Martin. T.B. Barratt - Døpt i Ånd og ild. Oslo: Filadelfiaforlaget, 1979.
Smith, David Norman. “Faith, Reason, and Charisma: Rudolf Sohm, Max Weber, and the Theology of Grace.” Sociological Inquiry 68, no. 1 (1998): 32–60.
Smith, Philip. “Culture and Charisma: Outline of a Theory.” Acta Sociologica 43, no. 2 (January 4, 2000): 101–11. doi:10.1177/000169930004300201.
Tangen, Karl Inge. “Et teologisk perspektiv på karismatisk lederskap.” In Pentekostale perspektiver, edited by Karl Inge Tangen and Knut-Willy Sæther, 23:221–40. Kyrkjefag Profil. Bergen, Norway: Fagbokforlaget, 2015.
Trice, Harrison M, and Janice M Beyer. “Charisma and Its Routinization in Two Social Movement Organizations.” Research in Organizational Behavior, 1986.
Währisch-Oblau, Claudia. The Missionary Self-Perception of Pentecostal/Charismatic Church Leaders from the Global South in Europe: Bringing Back the Gospel. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
Weber, Max. On Charisma and Institution Building: Selected Papers. Edited by S.N. Eisenstadt. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Yammarino, Francis J., Fred Dansereau, and Christina J. Kennedy. “A Multiple-Level Multidimensional Approach to Leadership: Viewing Leadership through an Elephant’s Eye.” Organizational Dynamics 29, no. 3 (2001): 149–63. doi:10.1016/S0090-2616(01)00027-4.
Yukl, Gary A. Leadership in Organizations. Global Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, 2013.
Alvesson, Mats, and André Spicer. Metaphors We Lead by: Understanding Leadership in the Real World. London: Routledge, 2011.
Anderson, Robert Mapes. Vision of the Disinherited: The Making of American Pentecostalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
Andersson, Greger. “To Live the Biblical Narratives: Pentecostal Autobiographies and the Baptism in the Spirit.” PentecoStudies 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 112–27.
Barnes, Douglas F. “Charisma and Religious Leadership: An Historical Analysis.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 17, no. 1 (March 1978): 1. doi:10.2307/1385423.
Barratt, Thomas Ball. When the Fire Fell and an Outline of My Life. Oslo, Norway, 1927.
Beyer, Janice M. “Taming and Promoting Charisma to Change Organizations.” The Leadership Quarterly 10, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 307–30. doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00019-3.
Bloch-Hoell, Nils E. The Pentecostal Movement: Its Origin, Development and Distinctive Character. Oslo, Norway: Universitetsforlaget, 1964.
Bruner, Jerome. “The Narrative Construction of Reality.” Critical Iquiry 18, no. 1 (1991): 1–21.
Bundy, David. Visions of Apostolic Mission: Scandinavian Pentecostal Mission to 1935. Vol. 45. Studia Historico-Ecclesiastica Upsaliensia. Uppsala: Uppsala universitet, 2009.
Conger, Jay A. “Inspiring Others: The Language of Leadership.” The Executive 5, no. 1 (1991): 31–45. doi:10.5465/AME.1991.4274713.
Czarniawska, Barbara. Narratives in Social Science Research. London, UK: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2004.
DePree, Max. Leadership Is an Art. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
Eisenstadt, S.N. “Charisma and Institution Building: Max Weber and Modern Sociology.” In On Charisma and Institution Building: Selected Papers, edited by S.N. Eisenstadt, ix – lvi. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Ekorness, Karsten. “Samtaler” med T.B. Barratt. Oslo: Filadelfiaforlaget, 1991.
Freeman, Mark. “Autobiographical Understanding and Narrative Inquiry.” In Handbook of Narrative Inquiry: Mapping a Methodology, edited by D. Jean Clandinin, 120–45. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2007.
Gardner, Howard. Leading Minds: An Anatomy of Leadership. New York: Basic Books, 2012.
Heuser, Roger, and Byron D. Klaus. “Charismatic Leadership Theory?: A Shadow Side Confessed.” Pneuma 20, no. 2 (1998): 161–74.
Hollenweger, Walter J. Pentecostalism: Origins and Developments Worldwide. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1997.
———. The Pentecostals. London: SCM Press, 1972.
Joosse, Paul. “Max Weber and the Social Construction of Charismatic Power.” In Conference Papers -- American Sociological Association, 22, 2009. http://0-search.ebscohost.com.library.regent.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=54430077&site=ehost-live.
Klein, Katherine J., and Robert J. House. “On Fire: Charismatic Leadership and Levels of Analysis.” The Leadership Quarterly 6, no. 2 (1995): 183–98. doi:10.1016/1048-9843(95)90034-9.
Løvlie, Birger. “Før ilden falt.” In Pentekostale perspektiver, edited by Karl Inge Tangen and Knut-Willy Sæther, 23:61–72. Kyrkjefag Profil. Bergen, Norway: Fagbokforlaget, 2015.
Martin, David. Pentecostalism: The World Their Parish. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2002.
McGee, Gary B. “The Regions Beyond: The Global Expansion of Pentecostalism.” In The Century of the Holy Spirit: 100 Years of Pentecostal and Charismatic Renewal, 1901-2001, edited by Vinson Synan, 69–95. Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2001.
Meindl, James R., and Sanford B. Ehrlich. “The Romance of Leadership and the Evaluation of Organizational Performance.” Academy of Management Journal 30, no. 1 (March 1987): 91–109. doi:10.2307/255897.
Nichol, John Thomas. Pentecostalism. Rev. ed. Plainfield, N.J: Logos International, 1971.
Parry, K. W., and H. Hansen. “The Organizational Story as Leadership.” Leadership 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 281–300. doi:10.1177/1742715007079309.
Plüss, Jean-Daniel. “Pentecostalism in Europe and the Former Soviet Union.” In The Cambridge Companion to Pentecostalism, edited by Cecil M. Robeck and Amos Yong, 93–111. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Poloma, Margaret M. “Charisma and Institution: The Assemblies of God.” The Christian Century, 1990.
Ski, Martin. T.B. Barratt - Døpt i Ånd og ild. Oslo: Filadelfiaforlaget, 1979.
Smith, David Norman. “Faith, Reason, and Charisma: Rudolf Sohm, Max Weber, and the Theology of Grace.” Sociological Inquiry 68, no. 1 (1998): 32–60.
Smith, Philip. “Culture and Charisma: Outline of a Theory.” Acta Sociologica 43, no. 2 (January 4, 2000): 101–11. doi:10.1177/000169930004300201.
Tangen, Karl Inge. “Et teologisk perspektiv på karismatisk lederskap.” In Pentekostale perspektiver, edited by Karl Inge Tangen and Knut-Willy Sæther, 23:221–40. Kyrkjefag Profil. Bergen, Norway: Fagbokforlaget, 2015.
Trice, Harrison M, and Janice M Beyer. “Charisma and Its Routinization in Two Social Movement Organizations.” Research in Organizational Behavior, 1986.
Währisch-Oblau, Claudia. The Missionary Self-Perception of Pentecostal/Charismatic Church Leaders from the Global South in Europe: Bringing Back the Gospel. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
Weber, Max. On Charisma and Institution Building: Selected Papers. Edited by S.N. Eisenstadt. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Yammarino, Francis J., Fred Dansereau, and Christina J. Kennedy. “A Multiple-Level Multidimensional Approach to Leadership: Viewing Leadership through an Elephant’s Eye.” Organizational Dynamics 29, no. 3 (2001): 149–63. doi:10.1016/S0090-2616(01)00027-4.
Yukl, Gary A. Leadership in Organizations. Global Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, 2013.
Published
2016-03-31
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Åkerlund, T. (2016). “When the Fire Fell”: Historical and Narrative Perspectives on the Charismatic Leadership of T. B. Barratt. PentecoStudies, 15(1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1558/ptcs.v15i1.27512
