An Historical Geography of Louis Goaziou and the Early Years of L’Ordre Maçonnique Mixte et International ‘Le Droit Humain’, American Federation of Human Rights
the Significance of the Industrial Monongahela Valley of Western Pennsylvania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jrff.v4i1.88Keywords:
America, women, freemasonry, Louis Goaziou, internationalAbstract
This paper engages the historical geography of the origins of L’Ordre Maçonnique Mixte et International ‘LE DROIT HUMAIN’ Fédération américaine (the American Federation of Human Rights hereinafter AFHR) in the United States in the early twentieth century, the first major institution of freemasonry to accept full equality of men and women, with its origins in France. There is, in addition, biographical material on three seminal figures in the origin of LE DROIT HUMAIN, Antoine Muzzarelli, Louis Goaziou, and Dr. Alida de Leeuw. The research examines Louis Goaziou, a major architect in the formation of the AFHR and a small sampling of important co-workers. Antoine Muzzarelli was the real founder of AFHR. He was an editor in France and teacher of French in America. The first nine lodges at their origins involved different immigrant ethnic groups from across East, Central, and Southern Europe.
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Kidd, K. On Holy Ground: History of the Honorable Order of American Co- Masonry: The American Federation of Human Rights. New York: The Masonic Publishing Company, 2011.
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Loubatière, C.M. Cahiers de la Commission de l’Historie. APFDH, No. 9, (February), 2004.
Marcus, I. ‘Louis Goaziou and the Coal Strike of 1894 in Hastings’, Special Collections at Main Library of Indiana University, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Collection 116, Last Modified, December, 16, 2013.
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Newspaper Staff Reporter. ‘Antoine Jules Cesar Venceslas Ermanigilde Muzzarelli’. The New York Times Obituary. October 16, 1908.
Newspaper Staff Reporter, ‘Noted Woman Mason Visiting in Butte’. Anaconda Standard. February 15, 1912.
Révauger, C. Noirs et francs-maçons. Comment la ségrégation raciale s’est installée chez les frères américains. Preface by Margaret Jacob. Paris: Dervy, 2014.
Staff Writer. ‘Pennsylvania Masons Launch Drive’. Crisis Magazine: A Record of the Darker Races, April 22, 1949.
Stone, R. ‘Mid-Mon Valley Offers Melting Pot of Cultures’. Pittsburgh Tribune, July 20, 2009.
Switala, W.J. Underground Railroad in Pennsylvania. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001.
Published
2014-12-30
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Slifko, J. (2014). An Historical Geography of Louis Goaziou and the Early Years of L’Ordre Maçonnique Mixte et International ‘Le Droit Humain’, American Federation of Human Rights: the Significance of the Industrial Monongahela Valley of Western Pennsylvania. Journal for Research into Freemasonry and Fraternalism, 4(1-2), 88–109. https://doi.org/10.1558/jrff.v4i1.88
