Living Among “Wounded Landscapes”
Contemporary Engagements with Lamsdorf’s Difficult Wartime Heritage of Internment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.30756Keywords:
difficult heritage, Poland, PoW camp, quotidian worlds, social research, World War II, wounded landscapesAbstract
This paper is concerned with contemporary perceptions of the prisoner-of-war (PoW), displacement and forced-labour camps that operated in and around what is today the village of Łambinowice in southwestern Poland. It uses a community archaeology approach to explore how locals relate to the material remnants of the sites and subsequent constructions, including a modern museum called the Central Museum of Prisoners of War. Łambinowice was formerly called Lamsdorf and located within German territory, and camps were first established in the area in the mid-nineteenth century. During World War II, the locality contained one of the largest PoW camp complexes in Europe, where approximately 300,000 soldiers of various nationalities were detained behind barbed-wire fences. The research presented here formed part of a multidisciplinary research initiative titled “Science for Society, Society for Science at the Site of National Remembrance in Łambinowice”, and involved interviews with local residents and observations. The findings reveal diverse attitudes, approaches, practices and values associated with Lamsdorf’s wartime heritage in the present day.
References
Assmann, A. 2013. “Pamięć miejsc – autentyzm i upamiętnianie.” In Między historią a pamięcią. Antologia, edited by M. Saryusz-Wolska, 168–189. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323514497
Äikäs, T., O. Seitsonen, T. Matila and V.-P. Herva. ٢٠٢٣. “Teaching and Learning Difficult Pasts of the Twentieth Century through Community Archaeology.” In Teaching and Learning of the Contemporary Era, edited by G. Moshenska, 149–165. London: Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350335660.ch-008
Babbie, E. 2010. The Practice of Social Research (12th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Banks, I., E. Koskinen-Koivisto and O. Seitsonen. 2017. “Public Engagements with Lapland’s Dark Heritage: Community Archaeology in Finnish Lapland.” Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage 5 (2): 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/20518196.2017.1383672
Czerner, A. and E. Nieroba. 2017. Na styku historii i codzienności. Opole: Centralne Muzeum Jeńców Wojennych.
Denzin, N. K. and Y. S. Lincoln, eds. 2005. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd edition). London: Sage.
Edensor, T. 2002. National Identity, Popular Culture and Everyday Life. Oxford: Berg.
Filippucci, P. 2021. “Life and Death in a Conflict Landscape: Visitor and Local Perspectives from the Western Front.” In Conflict Landscapes: Materiality and Meaning in Contested Places, edited by N. J. Saunders and P. Cornish, 163–179. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003149552-11
González-Ruibal, A., X. Ayán Vila and R. Caesar. 2015. “Ethics, Archaeology, and Civil Conflict: The Case of Spain.” In Ethics and the Archaeology of Violence, edited by A. González-Ruibal and G. Moshenska, 113–136. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1643-6_7
Góra, E. 2022. Etnografia Miejsca Pamięci Narodowej w Łambinowicach. Raport cząstkowy do raportu z badań etnograficznych prowadzonych w ramach projektu „Nauka dla społeczeństwa, społeczeństwo dla nauki w Miejscu Pamięci Narodowej w Łambinowicach”. Unpublished report, Archives of the Central Museum of Prisoners of War, Opole, Poland.
Grzybowska, K., C. Sturdy Colls, R. Sendyka and K. Colls. 2024. “‘Getting Closer to the Place’: Stakeholder Experiences and Impact During Archaeological Research at Sobibór.” In Excavating Sobibor: Holocaust Archaeology Between Heritage, History, and Memory, edited by M. Eickhoff, E. Somers and J. Take, 121–144. Zwolle, Netherlands: WBOOKS.
Hirsch, M. 2008. “The Generation of Postmemory.” Poetics Today 29 (1): 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1215/03335372-2007-019
Jones, S. 2017. “Wrestling with the Social Value of Heritage: Problems, Dilemmas and Opportunities.” Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage 4 (1): 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/20518196.2016.1193996
____. and S. Leech. 2015. Valuing the Historic Environment: A Critical Review of Existing Approaches to Social Value. London: AHRC.
Kobiałka, D. 2022. “The Devil Burns Gold There – The Heritage of Nazi Germany Crimes in Death Valley, Chojnice, Poland.” International Journal of Historical Archaeology 26: 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-021-00604-9
____., M. Pawleta and K. Karski. 2024. “Archeologia wspólnotowa – przykład krajobrazu poobozowego w Lamsdorf (Łambinowice).” Przegląd Archeologiczny 72: 237–254. https://doi.org/10.23858/PA72.2024.3482
Kobiałka, D., M. Pawleta, K. Karski, M. Kostyrko, A. Lokś, V. Rezler-Wasielewska, P. Stanek, A. Czerner, E. Góra, M. Michalski, S. Tomczak, Z. Kowalczyk, S. Ważyński and P. Wroniecki. 2023. “Camp Archaeology at the Site of National Remembrance in Łambinowice (Former Lamsdorf), Poland.” International Journal of Historical Archaeology 27: 1035–1067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-023-00700-y
Konecki, K.T. 2000 Studia z metodologii badań jakościowych. Teoria ugruntowana. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
____. 2008. “Triangulation and Dealing with the Realness of Qualitative Research.” Qualitative Sociology Review 4 (3): 7–28. https://doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.4.3.02
Koskinen-Koivisto, E. 2016. “Reminder of the Dark Heritage of Humankind: Experiences of Finnish Cemetery Tourists of Visiting the Norvajärvi German Cemetery.” Thanatos 5 (1): 23–42.
____. 2023. “Contested and Ambivalent Heritage: Revisiting Responses to the Second World War Heritage of Finnish Lapland from the Perspective of Affects.” In (Un)contested Heritage: Archives, Museums and Public Spaces, edited by C. Axelsson Yngvéus, M. 173–189. Malmö: University of Malmö.
____. and S. Thomas. 2017. “Lapland’s Dark Heritage: Responses to the Legacy of World War II.” In Heritage in Action: Making the Past in the Present, edited by H. Silverman, E. Waterton and S. Watson, 121–133. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42870-3_9
Kurisoo, T., A. Lillak, A. Rõigas and K. Tint. 2024. “The Role of Communities in Preserving, Using and Remembering Heritage: Archaeological Monuments and Dark Heritage Sites in Estonia.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 30 (2): 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2023.2284733
Macdonald, S. 2009. Difficult Heritage: Negotiating the Nazi Past in Nuremberg and Beyond. London: Routledge.
____. 2016. “Is ‘Difficult Heritage’ Still ‘Difficult’? Why Public Acknowledgement of Past Perpetration May No Longer Be So Unsettling to Collective Identities.” Museum International 67 (1–4): 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/muse.12078
Nowak, E., ed. 2006. Obozy w Lamsdorf/Łambinowicach (1870–1946). Opole: Centralne Muzeum Jeńców Wojennych w Łambinowicach-Opolu.
Pastor Pérez, A., D. Barreiro Martínez, E. Parga-Dans and P. Alonso González. 2021. “Democratising Heritage Values: A Methodological Review.” Sustainability 13: Article 12492. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212492
Pawleta, M., D. Kobiałka, K. Karski and E. Góra. In press. “Mapping the Social Values of Difficult Heritage Sites: A Case Study of The Site of National Remembrance in Łambinowice (Poland).” Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 26.
Rezler-Wasielewska, V. 1995. “Łambinowickie Cmentarze Jenieckie w Świetle Najnowszych Ustaleń.” Łambinowicki Rocznik Muzealny 18: 27–41.
____. 2000. “Sprawa Pochówku Jeńców Obozów Lamsdorf (1939-1945).” Łambinowicki Rocznik Muzealny 23: 45–68.
____. 2017. Museum in a Site of Remembrance. Opole: Centralne Muzeum Jeńców Wojennych w Łambinowicach-Opolu.
Samuels, J. 2015. “Difficult Heritage: Coming ‘to Terms’ with Sicily’s Fascist Past.” In Heritage Keywords: Rhetoric and Redescription in Cultural Heritage, edited by K. Lafrenz Samuels and T. Rico, 111–128. Boulder: University Press of Colorado. https://doi.org/10.5876/9781607323846.c007
Seitsonen, O. 2021. Archaeologies of Hitler’s Arctic War Heritage of the Second World War German Military Presence in Finnish Lapland. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367138219
____. and G. Moshenska. 2021. “Who Owns the ‘Wilderness’? Indigenous Second World War Landscapes in Sápmi, Finnish Lapland.” In Conflict Landscapes: Materiality and Meaning in Contested Places, edited by N. J. Saunders and P. Cornish, 183–201. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003149552-13
Seitsonen, O. and S. Thomas. 2023. “Modern Conflict Archaeologies and Dark Heritages.” ISKOS 27: 216–224.
Sørensen, M. L. S. and J. Carman, eds. 2009. Heritage Studies: Methods and Approaches. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203871713
Thomas, S. 2019. “Doing Public Participatory Archaeology with ‘Difficult’ Conflict Heritage: Experiences from Finnish Lapland and the Scottish Highlands.” Post-Classical Archaeologies 9: 147–167.
____. 2022. “‘Dark Heritage’? Nudging the Discussion.” Heritage & Society 15 (2): 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2022.2126232
____. and I. Banks. 2019. “Asset, Burden, Cultybraggan: Community Site Ownership in a Scottish Village.” Journal of Community Archaeology & Heritage 6 (1): 51–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/20518196.2018.1548223
Thomas, S., V.-P. Herva, O. Seitsonen and E. Koskinen-Koivisto. 2020. “Dark Heritage.” In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (2nd edition), edited by C. Smith, 3109–3119. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_3197
Tunbridge, J. E. and G. J. Ashworth. 1996. Dissonant Heritage: The Management of the Past as a Resource in Conflict. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons.
Wickiewicz, A. 2018. Captivity in British Uniform: Stalag VIII B (344) Lamsdorf. Opole: Centralne Muzeum Jeńców Wojennych.
Wollentz, G. 2020. Landscapes of Difficult Heritage. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57125-2